短乳杆菌(Lactobacillus brevis)去除亚硝酸盐的研究

短乳杆菌有较强去除亚硝酸盐能力 ,亚硝酸盐含量在 2 5 0mg L以内 ,接种短乳杆菌48h亚硝酸盐全部去除。短乳杆菌处理亚硝酸盐主要处于亚硝酸还原酶还原亚硝酸盐阶段。短乳杆菌去除亚硝酸盐的最适pH值为 5.0～ 6.0 ,最适温度为 3 0℃ ;在其它条件不变的情况下 ,发酵初期 (1 0～ 2 6h)亚硝酸盐去除量随接种量的增加而增加 ,最适接种量为5 %。亚硝酸盐含量在 2 0 0mg L以内 ,短乳杆菌对亚硝酸盐的去除量与底物浓度有极显著的线性关系。     

异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌Acinetobacter johnsonii sp. N26的脱氮性能及代谢途径

【背景】水体中含氮物质的大量累积会造成水体富营养化、水生生物死亡等问题,严重威胁水生态环境,制约我国环境保护的持续发展。【目的】为去除生活污水中的含氮污染物,从羊粪堆肥中筛选出了一株具有异养硝化-好氧反硝化功能的细菌——约氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter johnsonii sp.N26,研究其脱氮性能和代谢途径。【方法】测定菌株N26在氨氮和硝态氮中的生长和脱氮曲线,通过单因素试验对其脱氮性能进行优化,通过氮平衡分析和功能基因鉴定研究其脱氮代谢途径。【结果】生长和脱氮曲线表明,菌株N26对初始浓度均为50 mg/L的氨氮和硝态氮的去除速度快、效率高,其中9 h内对氨氮的去除效率为95.5%,最大去除速率为5.330 mg/(L·h);15 h内对硝态氮的去除效率为93.6%,最大去除速率为3.147 mg/(L·h),且最终仅有少量硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐积累。脱氮性能优化结果表明,该菌株的最适氮源为氯化铵,最适碳源为丁二酸钠,最适温度为30℃,最适接种量为15%,最适p H值为8.0-9.0,最适碳氮比为15,最适转速为120 r/min,最适氮负荷≤300 mg/L (氨氮)。氮平衡...     

两株保加利亚乳杆菌产β-半乳糖苷酶条件的优化及酶活力测定

目的优化2株保加利亚乳杆菌产β-半乳糖苷酶的培养条件,测定其在最适于产酶条件下的酶活力,并初步观察酶活力稳定性。方法测定2株保加利亚乳杆菌——来源于酸奶的wch9901和标准菌株1．1480在不同培养时间、培养基碳源、摇床转速、气体环境下产生的β-半乳糖苷酶的活力,优化产酶条件。测定2株菌在其最适产酶条件下的酶活力。将制得的1．1480粗酶液分别置冰浴和20℃水浴,每隔1h测定一次粗酶液中β-半乳糖苷酶活力,观察酶活力稳定性。结果2株保加利亚乳杆菌的最适产酶条件分别为：1．1480于30℃有氧静止培养36h;wch9901于37℃厌氧静止培养18h,培养基含乳糖。在最适产酶条件下,1．1480的酶活力为0．321NLU／ml粗酶液,比酶活为2．469NLU／mg蛋白;wch9901的酶活力为0．401NLU／ml粗酶液,比酶活为6．169NLU／mg蛋白。1．1480粗酶液于冰浴可稳定保存6h,于20℃水浴可稳定保存5h。结论wch9901与1．1480的最适产酶条件有所差异,前者产酶迅速,产酶量多。     

地黄组织培养及植株再生的研究

以地黄根茎所获无菌苗为材料,对其愈伤组织诱导、分化和再生植株的获取进行了初步研究。结果表明：取叶片、茎段、叶柄进行愈伤组织诱导,筛选出最适培养基为MS附加2,4-D0．5mg／L、BA1．0mg／L,愈伤组织诱导率可达100％。将叶片接种在分化培养基中,诱导不定芽,其最适分化培养基为MS附加BA 3mg／L、NAA 0．1mg／L,分化率为77．5％。试管苗在改良的MS(大量与微量元素、铁盐和有机物质各1／2)附加NAA 0．05mg／L的培养基上,经过15～20d培养,生根率可达100％。     

养虾池好氧反硝化细菌新菌株的分离鉴定及特征

利用间歇曝气选择性富集并对所获菌株的好氧反硝化活性进行检测。筛选到一株亚硝酸盐去除活性较高的好氧反硝化细菌。在溶解氧（D0）为3.80-5．21mg／L的培养条件下。该菌株10h内将亚硝态氮由26．18mg／L降至0;在盐度为0—25之间20h内均可达到同样的去除效果。通过形态学特征、生理生化反应及部分长度16SrDNA序列分析对筛选菌株进行鉴定,初步判定它为嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌Stertotrophomonas maltophilia。亚硝酸盐还原酶基因分析结果表明。该菌株只含亚硝酸盐还原酶nitS基因,其序列与Alcaligenes faecalis A15（后来被重新鉴定为Pseudomonas stutzeri）的nirS基因序列相似。     

短乳杆菌与植物乳杆菌的发酵特性

【背景】目前对于酸菜发酵的研究主要关注点是植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum),有关短乳杆菌(Lactobacillus brevis)在酸菜方面的研究报道很少。【目的】为了挖掘短乳杆菌的发酵性能并开发酸菜发酵剂,将2株短乳杆菌分别与1株植物乳杆菌进行组合并发酵酸菜,分析短乳杆菌对酸菜发酵品质的影响。【方法】分别测定短乳杆菌与植物乳杆菌的单菌株生长产酸性能、耐酸性及亚硝酸盐降解力,并将两菌种组合后发酵酸菜,分析1-7d内酸度、乳酸菌活菌数、亚硝酸盐含量及酸菜质构特性的变化趋势。【结果】相较于短乳杆菌Lb-9-2,短乳杆菌Lb-5-3的生长和产酸速率较慢、酸耐受力较弱,但其亚硝酸盐降解力较强。两株短乳杆菌分别与植物乳杆菌Lp-9-1组合后产酸力显著增强,并在3 d时达到最低pH值(约3.10);植物乳杆菌Lp-9-1的添加使酸菜中总体乳酸菌生长延迟,在5 d时达到最高活菌数;组合菌种的样品中亚硝酸盐含量在1-7 d内变化较为平缓,前5天内两个组合之间差异不显著;接种乳酸菌会降低酸菜硬度和弹性,发酵3d时Lb-5-3/Lp-9-1组合的硬度最大,感官评价得分最高。【...     

荧光素酶基因luc在大肠杆菌中表达条件优化

对重组荧光素酶大肠杆菌菌株M15／pQE30-luc进行了表达条件的优化研究。单因素结果表明：在初始pH值7．0,装液量为20％,2％的接种量,终浓度为0．5mmol／L的IPTG,添加10—30mmol／L的Mg^2＋,摇床转速为200r／min,37℃诱导3．5h酶的表达量最高。正交试验结果表明：初始pH值为7．0,添加40mmol／LMg^2=,接种量2％,装液量为20％时表达量最高,比酶活达1．63×10^8RFU／mg蛋白。     

英国梧桐离体无性繁殖体系的建立

报道了以英国梧桐[Platanus acerifolia（Ait．）Willd]变异株的种子为材料建立的植株再生体系。研究结果表明：用70％酒精处理40s,0．1％升汞处理40min,在不影响种子萌发率的前提下可将污染率降到最低;MS＋6．BA6～7mg／L＋NAA0．2—0．3mg／L为子叶诱导愈伤组织和分化幼芽的最适培养基,MS＋6-BA0．3mg／L＋NAA0．01mg／L为丛芽扩繁的最适培养基;培养基中添加适量的GA,对丛芽的生长具有显著的促进作用;蔗糖和大量元素的浓度分别为2．5％和2／3MS是解决幼苗玻璃化的最适量;幼苗生根的最适培养基为1／2MS＋NAA0．5mg／L＋6-BA0．1mg／L;无菌种苗的叶片在MS＋6-BA1．5—2．0mg／L＋KT0．5mg／L＋IBA0．5mg／L的培养基上可直接再生植株,建立了一步法无菌叶片再生体系。为悬铃木遗传操作和基因转化奠定了良好基础,也为其他植物尤其是优良树木的遗传改良提供了参考。     

草莓的组织培养与快速繁殖研究

通过对草莓的茎尖生长点进行组织培养,获得草莓脱毒苗,并以此为试材,对草莓的快速繁殖以及生根培养进行了研究。结果表明：芽的最适诱导分化培养基为MS BA0．5mg／L IAA0．05mg/L,诱导率可达70％;最适增殖培养基为MS BA0．2～1．0mg／L,增殖倍率可达3．2;试管苗在1／2MS附加IAA0．5me／L的培养基上,经过10～15d的培养,95％生根成苗。     

乳杆菌Lactobacillus sp.lxp发酵高产L-乳酸研究

筛选得到一株乳杆菌Laetobaeillus sp．,进行发酵生产高浓度L-乳酸的研究。考察了种龄、接种量、温度和不同pH调节剂对乳酸发酵的影响。结果表明：最佳种子培养时间为15h;最佳接种量为15％;最适培养温度为42℃;与氨水和氢氧化钠相比,碳酸钙更适于作为发酵过程的pH调节刺;以葡萄糖为碳源,添加豆粕水解液和玉米浆作为辅料,2L罐培养120h,L-乳酸质量浓度可达202 g/L,糖转化率91．3％,L-乳酸占发酵液中总酸含量98％以上。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various