柑橘采后品质变化及保鲜技术研究进展

柑橘Citrus spp.是中国南方重要的热带、亚热带果树,其果实具有较高营养价值。然而,柑橘果实采后容易发生腐烂、失水、营养损失和病害,导致果实品质劣变,商品价值降低。本文就柑橘果实采后外观色泽,果实水分,果肉糖、酸、维生素C含量变化,果实病害青霉病、褐斑病、枯水病、油斑病发生,以及低温贮藏、热处理、短波紫外线(UV-C)照射、化学保鲜剂、生物技术保鲜等保鲜技术的研究进展进行综述,为提高柑橘保鲜效果、保持柑橘果实采后品质、延长果实保鲜期提供科学依据与生产实践指导。     

1-甲基环丙烯对香蕉采后生理的影响(综述)

本文概述1-MCP对香蕉采后的乙烯产生量、呼吸速率、ACC合成酶和ACC氧化酶、果实颜色、果实硬度、营养成分及果实风味等生理生化指标的影响,阐明1-MCP在香蕉采后贮藏保鲜中的应用潜能,并对1-MCP处理效果的若干影响因子和存在问题进行了探讨。     

西番莲采后品质劣变及贮藏保鲜技术研究进展

西番莲(Passiflora caerulea)是一种营养丰富的热带亚热带特色水果,采后易发生果实品质劣变现象,是制约采后西番莲果实保鲜期的重要因素。本文就西番莲采后果实褶皱及失重、果皮色泽变化、营养物质含量减少和采后病害发生等品质劣变机理,及其低温、热处理、包装、1-MCP、多糖和化学保鲜剂等西番莲果实采后保鲜技术的国内外相关研究进行综述,以期为维持西番莲果实贮藏品质、延长果实保鲜期提供指导。     

番荔枝采后贮藏期间的生理变化(简报)

采后番荔枝在整个后熟过程中有明显的呼吸高峰。ＰＰＤ活性极弱,ＰＯＤ、ＳＯＤ活性在贮 期上升,在果实尚未软化时急剧下降;ＣＡＴ活性在采后一直是呈下降趋势肉细胞膜透性在采后初期变化缓慢,软果后急剧上长,与果肉组织ＰＨ值密切相关（ｒ＝０．９０１５）。     

果实热处理保鲜技术研究（综述）

应用热处理技术控制果实采后病虫害和延缓果实衰老是近年来果实保鲜领域的研究热点,本文概述热处理对果实形态、生理生化和品质的影响,以及热处理的应用现状与应用前景。     

果实热处理保鲜技术研究(综述)

应用热处理技术控制果实采后病虫害和延缓果实衰老是近年来果实保鲜领域的研究热点.本文概述热处理对果实形态、生理生化和品质的影响,以及热处理的应用现状与应用前景.     

猕猴桃果实采后生理研究进展

猕猴桃（Actinidia chinensis Planch.）属于呼吸跃变型果实,采后易软化腐烂,不耐贮藏,如何延长猕猴桃果实贮藏期限已成为猕猴桃产业发展壮大亟待解决的问题。猕猴桃果实采后生理变化强烈影响果实的贮藏期限和果实品质,特别是呼吸作用、乙烯合成及其信号转导系统和果实软化等,并且它们与猕猴桃贮藏保鲜技术的研发与应用密切相关。本文重点从这3个方面就国内外相关研究进展进行综述,并讨论它们对猕猴桃耐贮性的影响,以期为猕猴桃耐贮新品种的培育和贮藏保鲜技术的研发提供理论依据。     

葡萄的贮藏保鲜

葡萄果实属于浆果类，柔软多汁，含糖量较高。由于葡萄皮薄、汁液多，果柄部分组织结构疏松，采后容易干柄脱粒和腐烂。所以，搞好葡萄的保鲜对促进农村经济的发展，为消费者保障均衡的季节供应都有好处。根据葡萄果实的特点，可以采用以下几种保鲜方法： 一、采前处理 果园于采摘前一个星期停止浇水，采收当天喷５００ｐｐｍ的扑海因杀菌剂，以控制采后贮藏病害；或喷洒５０ｐｐｍ奈乙酸以防止葡萄落粒。最好选择晴天将药液兑好后，直接喷洒于果穗上，待药液干后即可采摘。 二、采收 葡萄果实采后没有呼吸高峰，也没有后熟作用，因此葡萄…     

苹果采后生理变化及采后预处理对长期贮藏的影响

对国产元帅、红星、新苹、青蕉、小国光等品种苹果采后及贮藏期间果实的呼吸、乙烯产生及硬度等进行了分析测定。结果表明大多数品种采后迅速后熟,呼吸跃变,很快发酥,品质变劣,其间乙烯大量产生,变化最为剧烈。贮藏保鲜效果好的各种处理都抑制或推迟了果实乙烯产生。果实中乙烯的浓度可以作为成熟状态的标示。通过不同时期采收,采后不同时间入库等处理果实生理变化及贮藏效果的比较看出,采后迅速控制后熟进程是提高贮藏质量,延长贮藏时间的关键。来后应用高CO_2,充氮、抽气等预处理对控制后熟有很好的效果。这些结果将为生产上改进贮藏工作,确定适宜采收期,提高贮藏质量等方面提供参考依据。     

2014年国家自然科学基金获得者

<正>徐飞博士,讲师现任武汉生物工程学院生命科学与技术学院副院长主要从事植物逆境生理、植物病理及果实采后保鲜研究2012年6月毕业于四川大学获得理学博士学位2014年获得国家自然科学基金青年项目资助     

Nitric Oxide as a Key Gasotransmitter in Fruit Postharvest: An Overview

Currently, the field of postharvest technology is a growing research area of particular interest since the increase in world population and the need to satisfy its nutritional requirements. These aspects establish a demand to produce fruits with high market quality while minimizing the losses from production to consumption stages. In the past few years, nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as a novel gasotransmitter to improve fruit postharvest shelf-life, owing to its influence on physiological processes (including fruit ripening) and on acclimation responses to stress conditions. In this review, we summarize some of the research related to the effects of NO exposure on different fruits with the aim to extend postharvest shelf-life and quality. The protection against chilling injury and postharvest diseases are addressed. The mechanisms of NO action and its interactions with other phytohormones are analyzed. Finally, the potential use of NO donors (and other strategies destined to enhance its levels) with a technological scope is also discussed.

     

荔枝果实采后生理及贮运保鲜技术研究进展

本文就荔枝采后生理及贮运保鲜技术研究进展进行简要评述。     

IAA、ABA和乙烯利对梨枣采后某些生理指标的影响

梨枣采后乙烯释放量、丙二醛(MDA)含量和脂氧合酶(LOX)活性呈上升而硬度、维生素C(VC)含量和好果率呈逐渐下降趋势.IAA、ABA、乙烯利促进枣果采后初期的乙烯生成,提高梨枣中MDA含量和LOX活性,加速梨枣软化,降低梨枣的VC含量和好果率;ABA的作用更加明显.LOX活性与果肉硬度及好果率呈显著负相关,暗示LOX与枣果的软化衰老有一定关系.     

Delay ripening of ‘Qingnai’ plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) with 1-methylcyclopropene

‘Qingnai’ plum fruit were treated with 0, 250, 500 or 1000 nL L⁻¹ of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 6 h and stored at 20 °C. The fruit firmness, peel color, chlorophyll content, titratable acidity (TA), respiration rate and ethylene production, chlorophyllase, pectin methylesterase (PME) and polygalacturonase (PG) activities were monitored during postharvest ripening of ‘Qingnai’ plums. ‘Qingnai’ plums without 1-MCP treatment soften very rapidly at room temperature after harvest, showing a continuing decrease in hue angle, chlorophyll content, TA and increase in chlorophyllase, PME and PG activities during postharvest storage. In contrast, the 1-MCP-treated fruits showed reduced ethylene production and respiration rate and delayed softening, which was associated with the reduction in the activity of PME and PG. The 1-MCP treatment also significantly inhibited the chlorophyllase activity and peel color development in ‘Qingnai’ plums during postharvest ripening at 20 °C. These results suggest that 1-MCP treatment may be useful for maintaining the fruit quality and extending the postharvest shelf-life of ‘Qingnai’ plums.     

1株用于甜瓜采后病害生物防治的假单胞菌株的分离及鉴定

甜瓜以营养丰富口味独特而深受世人青睐。同时,其采后病害高效、"绿色"防治药剂的缺乏也成为多年来困扰甜瓜生产的难题。本文采用直接生物测定的方法,从健康的甜瓜表面分离到1株有生防潜能的菌株X4。该菌株对引起甜瓜主要采后病害的粉红单端胞菌(Trichothecium roseum)、镰刀菌(Fusarium spp.)和链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata)的防治效果分别达到了90.6%、84.4%和67.4%;定殖实验显示,接菌4 d后该菌在瓜内数量可上升并稳定至1.1×10~6CFU/ml;通过16S rDNA测定、形态特征观察及生理生化测定结果表明该菌为Pseudomonas fluorescens biovarⅢ。     

Temporary effect of postharvest UV-C irradiation on gene expression profile in tomato fruit

To obtain an overall view on gene expression during the early stage (24 h) of tomato fruit in response to postharvest UV-C irradiation (4 kJ/m(2)), we performed a microarray analysis by using Affymetrix Tomato Genechip. The results showed that 274 and 403 genes were up- or down-regulated, respectively, more than two folds in postharvest tomato fruit irradiated with UV-C as compared with that in control fruit. The up-regulated genes mainly involve in signal transduction, defense response and metabolism. Conversely, genes related to cell wall disassembly, photosynthesis and lipid metabolism were generally down-regulated. These results opened ways to probe into the molecular mechanisms of the effects of postharvest UV-C irradiation on increased disease resistance, delayed softening, better quality maintenance and prolonged postharvest life in tomato fruit.     

Calcium nitrate delays climacteric of persimmon fruit

Calcium nitrate (20 g litre^?1) delayed persimmon (Diospyros kaki) ripening on the tree and also reduced postharvest fruit deterioration when applied prior to fruit colour break. The magnitude of the response depended on the date of treatment. Application made one month prior to the peak of estimated commercial harvest was the most efficacious, and colour development, fruit softening and ethylene production were significantly retarded by the treatment. At harvest, there was no effect on fruit size or soluble solids content. Although there was a tendency for the content of soluble solids and fruit firmness to decrease with storage period, firmness of treated fruit was maintained.