花椒呈香部位的气相色谱指纹图谱研究

采用气相色谱分析技术对代表性产地的13批花椒水蒸气蒸馏-乙醚萃取物进行了比较,建立了花椒水蒸气蒸馏-乙醚萃取物化学成分的指纹图谱,在本文采用的条件下,花椒图谱具有较好的特征性,可作为花椒蒸馏法精油的专属性指纹图谱。     

生姜辛辣部位的高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱研究

采用HPLC法分析了4个居群生姜丙酮回流-乙醚萃取物中的多酚类化合物,建立了有较好专属性的HPLC指纹图谱,比较了姜辣素含量及其得率。     

不同方法提取的艾叶挥发油指纹图谱分析

采取超临界CO2、微波和水蒸气蒸馏三种方法提取艾叶挥发油,利用GC-MS分析了不同方法提取的 艾叶挥发油指纹图谱。超临界CO2和微波萃取的艾叶挥发油的化学成分相似,水蒸气蒸馏与前两种方法提 取的挥发油的化学成分有些差异。超临界CO2萃取的艾叶挥发油更具天然性,超临界CO2萃取法为提取艾 叶挥发油的较理想方法;微波辅助萃取也不失为一种可行的方法。     

五种方法提取生姜挥发油的比较研究CSCD

对5种方法提取生姜挥发油进行比较研究。采用水蒸气蒸馏法(steam distillation,SD)、酶辅助水蒸气蒸馏法(enzymatic hydrolysis-assisted steam distillation,EHSD)、超声辅助水蒸气蒸馏法(ultrasonic-assisted steam distillation,UASD)、微波辅助水蒸气蒸馏法(microwave-assisted steam distillation,MASD)、压榨法(squeezing,SQ)5种方法提取生姜挥发油,并通过气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)测定化学成分。采用R语言平台进行主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)和聚类热图分析,比较其成分特征是否存在差异。显微下观察所得生姜药渣的结构差异。水蒸气蒸馏法、酶辅助水蒸气蒸馏法、超声辅助水蒸气蒸馏法、微波辅助水蒸气蒸馏法4种方法得油率分别为0.18%、0.19%、0.21%、0.18%,经GC-MS测定,其所得挥发油成分相似,鉴定化合物59~65种;压榨法得油率为0.10%,鉴定化合物3种,分别为α-姜烯、β-水芹烯和6-姜烯酚。显微下观察,4种蒸馏法所得药渣单位面积下的油细胞数均少于压榨法。生姜挥发性成分可能受酶、超声、微波的作用而产生变化,以致不同提取方法所得挥发油化学成分及相对峰面积具有特征差异。压榨法可简便快捷地提取生姜中的α-姜烯、β-水芹烯及6-姜烯酚。本文为实际应用中生姜挥发油提取方法的选择及生姜的进一步开发利用提供参考依据。     

生姜呈香部位气相色谱指纹图谱共有峰的GC/MS分析

采用气相色谱-质谱联机技术,对不同居群生姜的指纹图谱部分共有峰进行了定性分析,初步鉴定了其中的20个成分。     

不同产地土荆芥挥发油GC指纹图谱研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取了12个产地土荆芥的挥发油,通过GC法分析其成分.运用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度建立共有模式,以相关度评价图谱的相似性,以共有峰与对照峰的比值对各产地土荆芥药材挥发油进行聚类分析.结果表明:12个产地的土荆芥药材的挥发油气相色谱指纹图谱有17个共有峰,其中气相色谱指纹图谱的相似度在0.85以上的有11个,12个产地的土荆芥药材的挥发油可通过系统聚类归为两类,不同产地土荆芥药材的挥发油相似度较高.该方法简便,所得挥发油中各成分分离度高,建立的指纹图谱重现性好,可作为土荆芥药材挥发油的质量控制方法之一.     

干姜超临界CO2萃取与水蒸气蒸馏工艺比较研究

目的：比较干姜的超临界CO2萃取与水蒸气蒸馏两种工艺的差别,为其在复方制剂中的应用提供工艺设计参考。方法：分别用超临界CO2萃取和水蒸气蒸馏处理干姜药材,采用GC、TLC对产物进行分析比较。结果：超临界CO2萃取产物得率为8．0％,水蒸气蒸馏得率为0．2％,GC、TLC显示超临界CO2萃取物比水蒸气蒸馏样品有较多的成分。结论：干姜的超临界CO2萃取工艺较水蒸汽蒸馏工艺的产物量高,成分较多。     

顶空进样与水蒸气蒸馏GC-MS法分析杠板归中挥发性成分

分别采用顶空进样法和水蒸气蒸馏法提取杠板归的挥发性成分,对得到的样品分别进行气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析。对顶空进样得到的挥发性物质和水蒸气蒸馏法得到的挥发油物质进行气质联用色谱分析,在相同条件下用同种检索谱库检索,顶空进样直接得到的挥发性物质进行气质联用色谱分析,得到了42种化合物,含量都大于0.10%,且差别较小;水蒸气蒸馏得到了61种化合物,但含量大于0.10%的只有33种,且差别较大。说明不同的收集方法分别提供了不同沸点和不同状态下杠板归药材中挥发性成分的结构和百分含量;对比综合这两种不同的方法得到的挥发性成分,可得到更全面、更详细的杠板归中挥发性成分的GC-MS实验情况。     

基于GC-MS分析不同基原车前草挥发油成分的异同CSCD

比较不同基原车前草挥发油成分的异同。采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取14批次车前草挥发油,气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分离鉴定各色谱峰的化学成分;将样品挥发油指纹图谱导入指纹图谱相似度评价系统,以平车前草P1为参照图谱,进行多点校正,得相似度;采用聚类分析(HCA)、主成分分析(PCA)及正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(OPLS-DA)对14批次样品挥发油检测结果进行分析。结果显示,从14批样品挥发油中共鉴定出62种化学成分,9种共有成分,均以棕榈酸、亚油酸、α-亚麻酸为主要成分;14批次样品指纹图谱高度相似,相似度在0.967~0.999;HCA和PCA均不能将两种不同基原的车前草按照品种分为两类。上述结果表明车前草与平车前草挥发油成分相似度较高,其作为同一药材入药具有一定的科学依据。     

香蜜儿叶香味成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏-乙醚萃取法对从新西兰引种栽培的香蜜儿叶中芳香性成分进行了提取,并用气相色谱-质谱联机技术对其中化学成分进行分析鉴定.共鉴定出51个芳香性有机成分,占香蜜儿叶挥发油提取物总含量的99.502 3%.通过对香蜜儿叶芳香性成分的分析,为香蜜儿香精香料的开发提供了依据.     

广西产生姜精油成分的研究

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法,提取三种广西产生姜的精油,并进行了分析比较。通过GC/MS/DS技术对姜的精油进行定性、定量分析,检出53个成分,鉴定其中34个,占精油的92.2%。     

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Genetic Basis of Differences in Bioactive Compound Biosynthesis between Rhizome and Aboveground Stem in Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.)

Russian Journal of Plant Physiology - Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is a valuable food and medicinal plant. Its pharmacological activities are mainly attributed to its secondary metabolites....     

姜综合利用及深加工技术研究进展

对国内外姜综合利用及深加工技术研究进行综述,并展望未来深加工技术和姜产品开发发展方向。     

Effective management of soft rot of ginger caused by Pythium spp. and Fusarium spp.: emerging role of nanotechnology

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology - Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is a tropical plant cultivated all over the world due to its culinary and medicinal properties. It is one of the most...     

Molluscicidal activity of Lawsonia inermis and its binary and tertiary combinations with other plant derived molluscicides

Molluscicidal activity of leaf, bark and seed of Lawsonia inermis against Lymnaea acuminata and Indoplanorbis exustus was studied. Highest toxicity was observed in the seed of Lawsonia inermis. Toxicity of binary (1:1) and tertiary (1:1:1) combinations of the essential oil of cedar (Cedrus deodara Roxh) and neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), powder from bulb of garlic (Allium sativum Linn), and oleoresin extracted from rhizome of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc) with Lawsonia inermis and Embelia ribes fruit powder were studied against L. acuminata and I. exustus. L. inermis seed powder in combination with Cedrus deodara oil and Azadirachta indica oil was more toxic than their individual components and other combinations.     

Isolation,characterization and expression studies of resistance gene candidates (RGCs) from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Zingiber</Emphasis> spp.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) production is seriously affected by many fungal and bacterial diseases to which no resistant source is available in the cultivated germplasm. Degenerate primers based on conserved motifs of plant resistance (R) genes were used to isolate analogous sequences called resistance gene candidates (RGCs) from cultivated and wild Zingiber species. Cloning and sequence characterization identified 42 Zingiber RGCs, which could be classified into five classes following phenetic analysis. Deduced amino acid sequences of Zingiber RGCs showed strong identity, ranging from 16 to 43%, to non-toll interleukin receptor (non-TIR) R-gene subfamily. Non-synonymous to synonymous nucleotide substitution (dN/dS) ratio for the NBS domains of Zingiber RGC classes showed evidence of purifying selection. RT-PCR analysis with 15 Zingiber RGC-specific primers demonstrated 8 of the 15 Zingiber RGCs to be expressed. The present study reports for the first time the isolation and characterization of RGCs from ginger and its wild relatives, which will serve as a potential resource for future improvement of this important vegetatively propagated spice crop.     

蔗糖和多效唑对试管生姜形成的影响

用不同浓度的蔗糖、NAA、Ca3(PO4)2、多效唑(Pac)和光照条件对江西兴国九山生姜(ZingiberofficinaleRosc.cv.Jiushan)进行试管姜的诱导,成功诱导出试管姜。结果表明,诱导试管姜的最佳培养基为:MS 6-BA0.2mgL-1 NAA0.5mgL-1 Ca3(PO4)22.5mgL-1 Pac2.5mgL-1 蔗糖8%;适宜浓度的Pac、Ca3(PO4)2、蔗糖有利于试管姜诱导;NAA和6-BA对试管姜的诱导不起促进作用;延长光照时间有利于试管姜膨大。     

Metabolic profiling and phylogenetic analysis of medicinal Zingiber species: Tools for authentication of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc)

Phylogenetic analysis and metabolic profiling were used to investigate the diversity of plant material within the ginger species and between ginger and closely related species in the genus Zingiber (Zingiberaceae). In addition, anti-inflammatory data were obtained for the investigated species. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that all Zingiber officinale samples from different geographical origins were genetically indistinguishable. In contrast, other Zingiber species were significantly divergent, allowing all species to be clearly distinguished using this analysis. In the metabolic profiling analysis, the Z. officinale samples derived from different origins showed no qualitative differences in major volatile compounds, although they did show some significant quantitative differences in non-volatile composition, particularly regarding the content of [6]-, [8]-, and [10]-gingerols, the most active anti-inflammatory components in this species. The differences in gingerol content were verified by HPLC. The metabolic profiles of other Zingiber species were very different, both qualitatively and quantitatively, when compared to Z. officinale and to each other. Comparative DNA sequence/chemotaxonomic phylogenetic trees showed that the chemical characters of the investigated species were able to generate essentially the same phylogenetic relationships as the DNA sequences. This supports the contention that chemical characters can be used effectively to identify relationships between plant species. Anti-inflammatory in vitro assays to evaluate the ability of all extracts from the Zingiber species examined to inhibit LPS-induced PGE(2) and TNF-alpha production suggested that bioactivity may not be easily predicted by either phylogenetic analysis or gross metabolic profiling. Therefore, identification and quantification of the actual bioactive compounds are required to guarantee the bioactivity of a particular Zingiber sample even after performing authentication by molecular and/or chemical markers.