海洋红藻和蓝藻中的别藻蓝蛋白结构特征的比较

红毛菜、坛紫菜和条斑紫菜三种海洋红藻中的别藻蓝蛋白的特征吸收光谱(λ_(max)650 nm),荧光发射光谱(F_(max)662nm)、等电点(pI 4.42)、聚集态(分子量:134 kD)及其亚基分子量(α17kD,β18.5kD)均相同;结合它们各自吸收光谱的二阶导数光谱、圆二色谱和氨基酸残基组成等,与蓝藻--螺旋藻中的别藻蓝蛋白进行了比较。研究结果表明:四种来源不同的别藻蓝蛋白结构具有同一性,都是由α和β两个亚基组成的(αβ)_3结构。     

钝顶螺旋藻藻胆蛋白的分离,纯化及其理化特性

钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulina Platensis var.nanjingensis)一变异株的水溶性色素精提物,经固体硫酸铵沉淀,羟基磷灰石(HA)和Sephadex G-100柱层析后可分离、纯化出藻蓝蛋白(C-PC)和别藻蛋白(APC)。它们的纯度可分别达到AS 620/A_(277)=4.71;A_(650)/A_(270)=5.62。纯化后的C—PC和APC在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)中仅见一条色带,其最大吸收峰分别在620nm和050nm。经12％的十二烷基硫酸钠—聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS—PAGE),以及高效液相色谱(HPLC)分离,C—PC和APC均可分为α和β两个亚单位。两者的亚单位分子量分别为:C—PC—α,15000;C—PC—β,14500;APC—α,15000;APC—β,13500。依此推算,该藻的C—PC和APC的最小分子量应为29.5kD和28.5kD。经等电电泳法测定,其C—PC和APC的等电点分别在4.8和4.9。氨基酸组成和含量分析结果表明,除色氨酸(Try)未测外,c—PC含有14种氨基酸,APC含有15种氨基酸,两者都缺乏组氨酸(His)和脯氨酸(Pro),C—PC还缺少蛋氨酸(Met)。     

坛紫菜藻红蛋白的规模化制备

为了优化坛紫菜粗提工艺以减轻纯化的压力,研究了我国主要经济红藻之一坛紫菜藻红蛋白大规模制备方法。实验采用“溶胀+组织捣碎”法破碎坛紫菜叶状体细胞,对比了多次硫酸铵梯度盐析对破碎液中藻红蛋白的影响,并进一步用羟基磷灰石层析制备藻红蛋白,最后对所得蛋白做了光谱和电泳鉴定。结果表明,经过4次盐析,藻红蛋白吸收光谱纯度达到0.9 (A564/A280),每次的最佳盐析浓度分别为15％、50％、10％和40％;7 kg阴干紫菜经过4次盐析和1次羟基磷灰石层析后可获得507.82 mg藻红蛋白 (A564/A280＞     

硫酸铵三步盐析对藻胆蛋白纯化的影响

主要研究了多次硫酸铵盐析对条斑紫菜藻胆蛋白提取纯化效果。对分离提取的对条斑紫菜藻胆蛋白溶液进行了3次硫酸氨溶液盐析,实验结果表明:55%饱和度可以将绝大部分藻胆蛋白盐析;采用不同组合(15%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%、45%7个饱和度分别与50%、55%、60%3个饱和度两两组合)二步硫酸铵盐析沉淀藻胆蛋白,使R-藻红蛋白和C-藻蓝蛋白的盐析后纯度(A564/A280)分别达到了1.0和0.45以上,得率分别为1.4%和0.95%;第3次硫酸铵盐析使R-藻红蛋白、C-藻蓝蛋白的纯度分别达到了1.4和0.4以上,最终产率分别为1.3%和0.8%,而变藻蓝蛋白产率有所下降(从0.65%到0.49%),但纯度变化不大。实验证明了采用多次盐析方法可以很大程度提高藻胆蛋白纯度。     

黑木耳漆酶纯化的研究

目的:研究黑木耳(Auricularia auricula)“黑29”的漆酶纯化,为进一步酶学性质的开展、酶应用和酶基因克隆提供理论基础。方法:采用硫酸铵分级沉淀和柱层析技术分离蛋白,通过PAGE和SDS-PAGE电泳检测蛋白。结果:SDS-PAGE电泳检测发现粗酶液含三种漆酶,分子量大小分别为LacA(60kD)、LacB(34kD)、LacC(19kD);纯化后获得纯化的单一漆酶LacA、LacC组分。结论:得漆酶两个单一组分,为进一步漆酶研究奠定基础。     

草鱼血清IgM蛋白的纯化及抗血清的制备

采用盐析法、重组蛋白A(HiTrapr Protein A Sepharose)亲和层析法分离纯化草鱼血清中的IgM,并通过SDS-PAGE及Western-blot技术对纯化蛋白的部分特性进行分析比较并制备兔抗IgM抗血清。结果表明:33%硫酸铵溶液可以沉淀血清中大部分蛋白,但电泳条带仍较多,其中含有78kD和28kD的条带,因此仅可作为免疫球蛋白粗提的方法;而rProtein A亲和层析法所提蛋白则仅有上述重链(78kD)和轻链(28kD)。Western-blot显示,鼠抗人Ig抗体可与78kD及28kD条带发生发应。rProtein A亲和法提纯蛋白的纯度较高,但含量较低,条带较淡,仅可作为实验室小量提纯草鱼IgM的有效方法。将提纯的蛋白免疫实验兔后可制得效价高达1:25600的兔抗鱼IgM血清,并测得血清蛋白总量和IgM含量分别为25.87mg和4.5mg,IgM占血清蛋白总量的17.39%。本实验所采用的蛋白A亲和层析法提取草鱼血清IgM可以方便、快捷地获得高纯度的产物,适合在实验室中纯化鱼类IgM。同时本研究所制备的兔抗草鱼IgM血清也为今后的相关研究工作打下基础。     

新城疫病毒F蛋白中两段七肽重复序列的克隆和表达

从新城疫病毒 (NDV)中国强毒株F4 8E9和弱毒株长春株F蛋白的cDNA中亚克隆出两段七肽重复序列(HeptadRepeatRegion ,HR1,HR2 ) ,将HR1和HR2分别插入表达载体pGEX 6p 1,在大肠杆菌BL2 1(DE3 )中表达 ,将与载体中的GST(GlutathioneS Trasferase)融合表达的可溶性融合蛋白用GST亲和层析柱纯化。纯化的融合蛋白用蛋白酶酶切后 ,先用GST亲和层析柱除去GST ,再加热进一步纯化。纯化的HR1和HR2质谱分析其分子量 ,结果表明 ,强株的HR1和HR2的分子量分别为 7 10 3kD和 6 3 0 1kD ,弱株的HR1和HR2的分子量分别为 7 10 7kD和6 3 0 9kD ,强弱株HR1和HR2的分子量都基本一致。本工作为研究HR1、HR2的结构以及它们在NDV与宿主细胞融合中的作用奠定了基础。     

琼胶酶酶解2种紫菜及酶解成分分析

研究琼胶酶对坛紫菜和条斑紫菜的降解作用,以降解获得的还原糖为指标,通过正交试验获得酶解的最佳工艺:料液比为1∶30(V/V),酶与底物比4.0∶2(m L/g),温度38℃,反应时间3 h。在此条件下制备坛紫菜和条斑紫菜酶解液,以两种紫菜酶解前原液作为对照,对其成分进行测定比较。结果表明:坛紫菜和条斑紫菜均可被琼胶酶有效降解,降解后总糖、还原糖、氨基酸态氮、游离氨基酸及可溶性固形物含量均明显增加,尤以总糖和还原糖的增加量最为突出,分别为43.68 mg/g和14.87 mg/g;蛋白质、灰分在酶解前后含量变化不大;根据各物质含量测定结果,坛紫菜的酶解效果优于条斑紫菜,条斑紫菜的呈味氨基酸含量优于坛紫菜,具有较好的风味。     

应用超滤技术提取坛紫菜多糖的研究

以截留分子量为50 KD的超滤膜对坛紫菜粗多糖提取液进行超滤分离。结果表明,超滤对坛紫菜粗多糖提取液具有较好的脱色效果,脱色率达91.65%。超滤技术能很好地保留坛紫菜粗多糖中的生理活性物质,浓缩了坛紫菜粗多糖提取物,使粗多糖中总糖含量从超滤前的34.95%提高到52.07%,明显提高了坛紫菜粗多糖的糖含量,同时进一步纯化了样品。     

草菇低温诱导蛋白分离纯化及其部分性质的测定*

采用硫酸铵分级沉淀和制备电泳分离技术,从低温处理过的草菇菌丝中分离纯化得到三种低温诱导蛋白,分别命名为CspDZG1 ,CspDZG2 ,CspDZG3。IEF测定了等电点,分别为3.7,4.4,4.4。SDS-PAGE结果表明,CspDZG1 ,CspDZG2由一条多肽组成,分子量分别为56kD,54.5kD;CspDZG3由两个亚基组成,分子量分别为54.5 kD,68 kD。经S. aureus V8蛋白酶酶解后,测定了N端氨基酸序列。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.