负压封闭引流技术用于骨科感染创面的临床价值分析

摘要 目的 观察负压封闭引流技术（VSD）用于骨科感染创面的临床疗效 方法 选取2013年6月至2015年6月于松阳县人民医院就诊的骨科创面感染患者48例,应用随机数字法分为对照组和观察组,每组24例。对照组采用一般临床治疗,术后常规换药,而观察组采用负压封闭引流技术治疗。比较两组患者二次手术率、换药次数、创面愈合组织病理学评分、愈合时间、抗菌药物使用时间、总住院时间以及临床疗效等指标 结果 观察组术后行二次手术率为4.16%,显著性低于对照组（29.2%）（P<0.05）;观察组术后创面愈合组织病理学评分（8.4±1.1）分、抗菌药物使用时间（6.3±1.2）d、抗生素费用（206±16）元、换药次数（2.8±1.0）次、愈合时间（17.9±1.6）d及总住院时间（20.1±4.3）d均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）治疗后观察组总有效率为95.8%,显著性高于对照组的70.8%（χ2=5.400,P<0.05）结论 应用VSD于骨感染创面的修复中,临床疗效显著,操作简便,值得临床推广。     

腹腔镜手术治疗粘连性肠梗阻的疗效及安全性研究

目的：探讨腹腔镜粘连松解术治疗粘连性肠梗阻（AIO）的疗效，减少再梗阻率。方法：将120 例AIO 患者随机分为两组，每 组60 例，开腹组实施开腹手术，腹腔镜组实施腹腔镜粘连松解术，观察两组术后恢复及并发症发生情况，对再梗阻危险因素进行 Logistic 回归分析。结果：腹腔镜组术中失血量（73.48± 9.32）mL，少于开腹组的（207.45± 33.21）mL（P<0.05）；腹腔镜组手术、术后 镇痛、下床活动、肠恢复蠕动、肛门恢复排气、拔除尿管及住院时间分别为（69.15± 10.13）min、（14.67± 7.23）h、（27.14± 7.04）h、 （3.11± 0.96）d、（3.24± 1.02）d、（3.37± 1.23）d、（7.95± 3.05）d，均短于开腹组的（83.84± 9.24）min、（27.38± 8.02）h、（36.23± 5.87） h、（4.05± 1.35）d、（4.35± 1.74）d、（5.02± 2.13）d、（10.35± 3.71）d（P<0.05)；腹腔镜组并发症发生率、再梗阻率分别为10.00%、 10.00%，均低于开腹组的33.33%、40.00%（P<0.05)；多因素Logistic 回归分析显示开腹手术、手术时间≥ 60 min 是再梗阻发生的独 立危险因素。结论：腹腔镜手术治疗AIO 疗效优于开腹手术，而且并发症与再梗阻率低。     

负压封闭辅助闭合技术在难愈性伤口中的疗效观察

目的观察负压封闭辅助闭合（VAC）技术在难愈性伤口中的临床疗效。方法对我院2011年1月~2013年1月收治的19例难愈性伤口患者（为观察组）采用美国KCI公司VAC治疗系统进行负压封闭治疗,并随机选择2011年以前收治的难愈性伤口患者19例（为对照组）,采用常规换药治疗。观察比较两组患者伤口愈合率、愈合时间及换药次数。结果与对照组相比,观察组的伤口愈合率较高（P〈0.05）;伤口平均愈合时间缩短,平均换药次数明显减少（均P〈0.01）。结论 VAC技术治疗难愈性伤口的疗效明显,值得临床推广。     

静注人免疫球蛋白联合万古霉素治疗小儿败血症的疗效及外周血NLR、PCT变化观察

摘要 目的：观察静注人免疫球蛋白联合万古霉素治疗小儿败血症的疗效及外周血中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、降钙素原(PCT)变化。方法：选取2011年1月~2020年1月我院收治的败血症患儿80例为研究对象,按数字随机表法分为对照组和观察组各40例,对照组给予万古霉素治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予静注人免疫球蛋白治疗,比较两组临床疗效、症状改善时间和住院时间、NLR、PCT、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞计数（WBC）、免疫功能及不良反应发生率。结果：观察组治疗有效率高于对照组（87.50%vs65.00%）（P<0.05）。观察组神经系统症状改善时间、体温改善时间、拒奶改善时间和住院时间为（6.22±1.05）d、（3.88±0.25）d、（5.10±0.86）d、（8.71±2.05）d,均短于对照组的（8.76±1.53）d、（6.22±0.64）d、（7.53±1.46）d和（11.24±3.36）d,比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后观察组外周血NLR、PCT、hs-CRP、WBC水平为（1.35±0.20）、（0.80±0.34）mg/mL、（3.56±0.62）g/L、（9.12±1.80）×10⁹/L,均显著低于对照组的（1.83±0.32）、（2.19±0.73）mg/mL、（9.78±2.64）g/L和（12.26±2.59）×10⁹/L,比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后观察组CD4⁺、CD3⁺、CD4/CD8为（42.77±11.36）％、（41.27±11.26）％、（1.70±0.33）,均显著高于对照组的（35.80±9.32）％、（35.66±9.40）％和（1.29±0.25）,比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率比较无差异（10.00%vs7.50%）（P>0.05）。结论：静注人免疫球蛋白联合万古霉素治疗小儿败血症的疗效显著,可降低炎症因子,提高免疫功能,且安全性较高。     

六味能消胶囊联合复方消化酶对功能性消化不良患者临床症状及脑-肠轴相关因子水平的影响

摘要 目的：探讨六味能消胶囊联合复方消化酶对功能性消化不良（FD）患者临床症状及脑-肠轴相关因子水平的影响。方法：选取2018年7月~2019年12月期间攀枝花市中心医院收治的80例FD患者,以随机数字表法分为研究组（n=40）和对照组（n=40）。对照组给予复方消化酶治疗,研究组给予复方消化酶联合六味能消胶囊治疗,对比两组的脑-肠轴相关因子水平,疗效,症状改善时间及不良反应。结果：治疗4周后研究组的临床总有效率为92.50%（37/40）,高于对照组的72.50%（29/40）（P<0.05）。研究组食量恢复时间（4.62±0.74）d、食欲恢复时间（3.61±0.57）d、恶心呕吐消失时间（1.59±0.36）d分别较对照组的（7.68±1.71）d、（5.71±0.86）d、（3.87±0.52）d缩短（P<0.05）。研究组治疗4周后胃泌素（149.77±13.89）ng/L、胃动素（159.18±12.86）ng/L、神经肽S 受体 1（NPSR1）（164.10±15.88）pg/mL均高于对照组的（93.34±8.92）ng/L、（123.23±10.97）ng/L、（130.23±12.64）pg/mL（P<0.05）,研究组治疗4周后降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）（49.52±6.49）pg/mL、血管活性肠钛（VIP）（22.69±3.61）ng/L、生长抑素（SS）（32.13±3.36）pg/mL低于对照组的（63.19±8.38）pg/mL、（27.83±3.73）ng/L、（41.85±4.38）pg/mL（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率对比无明显差异（P>0.05）。结论：复方消化酶联合六味能消胶囊治疗FD患者疗效显著,可有效缓解临床症状,改善脑-肠轴相关因子水平,且不增加不良反应发生率。     

削痂植皮术后结合负压封闭引流在深度烧伤患者中的应用效果及对血清致痛因子及炎性因子的影响

摘要 目的：探讨削痂植皮术后结合负压封闭引流在深度烧伤患者中的应用效果及对血清致痛因子及炎性因子的影响,以此为临床治疗深度烧伤患者提供参考。方法：选取暨南大学附属第一医院在2018年1月至2022年1月期间收治的75例深度烧伤患者进行回顾性分析,所有患者均接受削痂植皮术治疗;按术后不同换药方法分为常规换药组和VSD组,其中常规换药组35例,术后常规换药;VSD组40例,术后采用VSD治疗。比较两组患者首次植皮成活率,术后1周、2周创面愈合率,创面愈合时间,疼痛程度及并发症发生率等,测定两组患者血清致痛因子、冲洗液炎性因子表达水平。结果：VSD组首次植皮成活率95.00%（38/40）,常规换药组首次植皮成活率71.43%（25/35）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。VSD组术后1周、2周创面愈合率高于常规换药组,创面愈合时间、创面疼痛评分低于常规换药组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组术后1周相关致痛因子表达较术前明显下降（P<0.05）,且VSD组致痛因子表达低于常规换药组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组术后1周冲洗液炎性因子表达低于术前（P<0.05）,且VSD组冲洗液炎性因子表达与常规换药组比较下降明显,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。VSD组术后并发症发生率12.50%（5/40）低于常规换药组40.00%（14/40）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：削痂植皮术后结合负压封闭引流技术可提高深度烧伤患者创面愈合效果,增加首次植皮成活率,减少细菌生成、炎性因子的释放,减轻创面疼痛程度,值得临床进一步研究。     

大鼠心肌缺血再灌注模型中低温处理对心肌无复流的影响分析

摘要 目的：探究低温治疗对大鼠心肌缺血模型再灌注后组织无复流的相关影响。方法：选择标准成年Sprague Dawley大鼠40只（雄性雌性各20只）,平均体重（205.6±1.5）g,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各20只,建立心肌缺血再灌注模型,对照组给予常温处理,观察组则在再灌注结束时晚期给予低温干预,对两组大鼠心肌组织无复流的差异及相关变量进行比较分析。结果：观察组的心肌缺血高危区域所占的百分比平均水平为（16.7±3.5）%,低于对照组的（35.6±2.5）%（P<0.05）;观察组的组织坏死区域所占的百分比平均水平为（23.8±5.1）%,低于对照组的（56.4±3.9）%（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,观察组再灌注结束时心率降低,收缩压和平均血压升高（P<0.05）;两组大鼠心肌染色宏观评价显示心肌梗死面积无明显差异,但观察组无复流的区域小于对照组。结论：在大鼠心肌缺血动物模型中通过再灌注后晚期给予治疗性的低温处理能够显著改善微血管的堵塞,并且此效应与心肌梗死的面积无关。     

改良双侧V-Y皮瓣治疗Ⅳ期骶尾部压疮的疗效分析

摘要 目的：探讨改良双V-Y皮瓣治疗Ⅳ期骶尾部压疮的有效性和安全性。方法：回顾性分析2015年3月-2019年3月中国人民解放军总医院第七医学中心骨科收治骶尾部压疮Ⅳ期患者28例,其中男15例,女13例,年龄49-65岁,创面面积6 cm×7 cm~8 cm×10 cm。彻底清创后设计改良双侧V-Y推移皮瓣覆盖创面并行负压封闭引流,皮瓣供区减张缝合,皮瓣面积6 cm×7 cm~8 cm×10 cm。术后观察皮瓣整体血运、温度、水肿情况及VSD引流量,定期通过门诊、微信、电话随访。结果：手术后双侧V-Y皮瓣全部成活,1例术后切口周边皮肤表皮坏死,经换药后愈合,28例患者全部获得随访,随访时间12-24个月,平均18.2个月,全部压疮缺损修复成功,无创口裂开、皮瓣淤血、水肿、感染及压疮复发。结论：改良双侧V-Y推移皮瓣是治疗Ⅳ期骶尾部压疮的一种有效治疗方法。     

心悦胶囊联合替罗非班对急性心肌梗死PCI术患者心功能及心血管不良事件的影响

摘要 目的：观察心悦胶囊联合替罗非班对急性心肌梗死（AMI）经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术患者心功能及心血管不良事件的影响。方法：选取120例行PCI术治疗的AMI患者,将其按随机信封抽签法分为对照组60例（替罗非班治疗）和研究组60例（心悦胶囊联合替罗非班治疗）,对比两组疗效、临床症状改善情况、心肌肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左室射血分数（LVEF）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、脑钠肽(BNP)、不良反应、心血管不良事件发生率及预后情况。结果：对照组、研究组临床总有效率分别为75.00%（45/60）、90.00%（54/60）,研究组的临床总有效率高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组胸痛、胸闷,恶心呕吐,大汗缓解率高于对照组（P<0.05）,两组心悸、气短,乏力,晕厥,大小便失禁对比无差异（P>0.05）。研究组治疗后LVEDD为（49.38±6.73）mm,LVESD为（38.14±4.35）mm,低于对照组的（55.27±5.24）mm、（43.73±5.24）mm,LVEF为（57.09±4.34）%,高于对照组的（52.63±5.33）%（P<0.05）。研究组治疗后CK-MB为（13.46±2.34）ng/mL、cTnI为（0.29±0.08）μg/L、BNP为（363.44±29.66）pg/mL,低于对照组的（24.75±2.63）ng/mL、（0.41±0.12）μg/L、（548.12±57.61）pg/mL（P<0.05）。对照组、研究组的不良反应发生率分别为8.33%（5/60）、11.67%（7/60）,两组不良反应发生率对比无差异（P>0.05）。对照组、研究组的心血管不良事件发生率分别为5.00%（3/60）、16.67%（10/60）,研究组的心血管不良事件发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：心悦胶囊联合替罗非班可保护行PCI术的AMI患者的心功能,减少心血管不良事件发生率,用药安全可靠,疗效明确。     

针灸、推拿及中药外敷对腰椎间盘突出的临床疗效及血清TXB2、IL-1β、IL-10水平对比

摘要 目的：研究针灸、推拿及中药外敷对腰椎间盘突出的临床疗效及血清血栓素（thromboxane,TXA2）、白细胞介素-1β （Interleukin-1β）、白细胞介素-10 （Interleukin-10 IL-10）水平对比。方法：选取2019年1月至2020年12月的80例腰椎间盘突出患者。按照随机数表法分为观察组（n=41）和对照组（n=39）,对照组采用中药外敷治疗,观察组采用针灸、推拿及中药外敷联合治疗。对比两组治疗效果,治疗前后日本骨科协会评估治疗分数（Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores JOA）、视觉模拟评分法（visual analogue scale VAS）评分情况变化,血清TXB2、IL-1β、IL-10水平变化,腰椎功能及腰部关节活动度,不良反应发生率。结果：治疗后,观察组总有效率显著高于对照组[95.12%（39/41）vs71.79％（28/39）]（P＜0.05）;JOA显著高于对照组[（23.19±3.21）分vs（17.62±2.65）分]（P<0.05）,VAS评分显著低于对照组[（2.07±0.38）分vs（3.58±0.61）分]（P<0.05）;血清TXB2、IL-1β水平均显著低于对照组[（24.37±3.26）μg/L vs（34.08±4.72）μg/L,（0.12±0.03）ng/L vs（0.27±0.05）ng/L]（P<0.05）;血清IL-10水平显著低于对照组[（85.82±7.03）pg/mL vs（57.28±6.31）pg/mL]（P<0.05）;功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index）显著低于对照组[（37.81±6.23）％ vs（68.02±8.91）％]（P<0.05）;腰部关节活动度显著高于对照组[（80.36±0.82）° vs（71.27±0.6）°]（P<0.05）;两组不良反应对比无显著差异（P>0.05）。结论：针灸、推拿及中药外敷对腰椎间盘突出的临床疗效显著,可有效改善患者的临床症状,缓解疼痛,抑制炎症因子TXB2、IL-1β表达,促进抗炎因子IL-10水平升高,安全有效。     

腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣修复跟骨骨折术后皮肤软组织缺损的临床研究

摘要 目的：探讨负压引流技术结合腓肠神经营养皮瓣在跟骨骨折钢板内固定术后皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。方法：回顾性分析我院骨科2012年5月-2020年5月共31例跟骨骨折术后钢板外露,皮肤软组织缺损住院病人。纳入患者均使用负压引流技术结合腓肠神经营养皮瓣修复技术。创面给予彻底清创后行封闭负压吸引引流术,待创面新鲜后以腓肠神经营养皮瓣修复创面。对术后皮瓣成活情况;Maryland功能评分以及BMRC感觉功能评分进行综合评估。结果：术后2周时,28例皮瓣顺利成活,供区与受区伤口愈合良好,干燥、无渗出。3例术后出现皮瓣肿胀,皮瓣颜色发暗,伤口渗出较多,皮瓣边缘坏死,窦道形成等,给予切开引流、加强换药、敏感抗生素控制感染等治疗后,皮瓣成活。术后随访6-24个月皮瓣外观及功能恢复良好,无创面再坏死,裂开,感染等情况出现。其中2例再次入院行皮瓣整形术。术后6个月时,Maryland功能评分：优：17例;良：11例;优良率为：90.3%。BMRC感觉功能评分：S3-S4：20例;S2：8例;S1：3例。结论：腓肠神经营养皮瓣联合封闭负压吸引技术在跟骨骨折钢板内固定术后皮肤软组织缺损的治疗中能够缩短治疗时间,操作简单,疗效确切,可获得良好的修复效果。     

数字化血管三维模型对烧伤患者面部修复术术后皮瓣存活的影响

目的:探讨数字化血管三维模型对烧伤患者面部修复术术后皮瓣存活的影响。方法:选择2012年4月至2017年4月在我院接受组织瓣转移面部修复术的烧伤患者146例,分为对照组(n=64)和研究组(n=82)。对照组术前采用超声多普勒探测患者供区皮瓣的血管位置,走向并标记探测结果,根据多普勒探测结果结合术前设计行皮瓣转移术。观察组术前3~5 d采用CTA技术检查患者供区皮瓣面部受区血管位置、血管走向等,将检查结果通过计算机进行血管三维重建,根据皮瓣血管与受区血管重建模型修订手术方案后行皮瓣转移术。观察和比较手术时间、术后感染发生率、皮瓣断蒂时间、皮瓣血运障碍发生率和术后皮瓣坏死率。结果:研究组手术时间显著短于对照组(P0.01),两组术后感染发生率分别为7.81%和1.21%,研究组明显低于对照组(P0.01)。研究组的皮瓣断蒂时间为17.1±2.5 d,明显短于对照组(21.3±2.8 d,P0.01);对照组皮瓣血运障碍发生率为17.19%,研究组并未发现血运障碍病例。对照组术后皮瓣坏死率为7.81%,而研究组未出现皮瓣坏死病例,存活率为100%,明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:术前数字化血管三维模型的建立用于烧伤患者面部修复术可缩短手术时间,提高手术效率,降低术后皮瓣供血障碍的发生率及皮瓣死亡率,有利于患者术后恢复。     

The effect of low-molecular-weight heparin in the survival of a rabbit congested skin flap

Swelling and congestion of flaps are frequently seen postoperatively and can cause unexpected necrosis. According to previous reports, venous thrombosis seems to be a more frequent problem than arterial occlusion in both experimental and clinical surgery. Few satisfactory venous trauma models exist, and reports on experimental venous thrombosis are rare. The object of this study was to create a rabbit venous occlusion flap model and to evaluate the effect of low-molecular-weight heparin on this flap. Eight New Zealand rabbits were used in the pilot study, in which the ideal congested flap was investigated using a flap pedicle based on the central auricular artery with a skin pedicle 0, 1, 2, or 3 cm wide. The flap (3 x 6 cm) was designed on the central part of the left ear, and the central auricular vein and nerve, the former for venous return, were cut out at the base of the flap. The flaps with skin pedicles 0, 1, 2, or 3 cm wide showed mean necrosis length of 60.0, 9.3, 4.2, and 0.0 mm, respectively. The flaps with skin pedicles 0, 1, 2, or 3 cm wide showed mean necrosis of 100, 15.5, 7, and 0 percent, respectively. Therefore, the flap, based on a 1-cm-wide skin pedicle and the central auricular artery, was selected as an optimal congested flap model showing 15.5 percent necrosis. The congested flap was then elevated on the left ear of another 10 rabbits. Subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin (320 IU/kg) was administered immediately after surgery to five of the rabbits (the low-molecular-weight heparin group), and the remaining five were used as a control group. Fluorescein was injected 15 minutes after surgery to evaluate the circulatory territory of the flap, and the circulatory territory was measured 5 minutes after injection. The flaps were assessed 7 days after surgery by angiography, histology, and clinical findings. The circulatory territory was significantly greater in the low-molecular-weight heparin group (mean +/- SD, 39.2 +/- 3.0 mm) than the control group (mean +/- SD, 48.0 +/- 1.0 mm) (p < 0.001) assessed 7 days after surgery. The longest flap survival length in group A and group B ranged from 40 to 55 mm (mean +/- SD. 49.4 +/- 5.6 mm) and complete survival (mean +/- SD, 60.0 +/- 0.0 mm). The improvement in survival was statistically significant for group B compared with group A (p < 0.015). Histologic evaluation revealed moderate to severe venous congestion and inflammation in the control group, whereas there were minimal changes in the low-molecular-weight heparin group. Angiography of the flap revealed obvious venous occlusion in the periphery in the control group compared with the low-molecular-weight heparin group. The authors conclude that subcutaneous administration of low-molecular-weight heparin has a great potential to improve the survival length of a congested flap without major complications.     

壳聚糖护创敷料用于烧伤创面的治疗效果和安全性研究

目的:探讨壳聚糖护创敷料用于烧伤创面的治疗效果和安全性。方法:采用回顾性方法分析,选取中国人民解放军空降兵军医院烧伤科(本院)自2014年1月-2018年9月就诊的80例烧伤患者的临床资料,根据治疗方法分为对照组(40例,给予单纯紫草油覆盖创面)与研究组(40例,给予壳聚糖护创敷料覆盖创面),比较两组创面愈合时间、疼痛度、瘢痕生长及不同时期分泌物细菌培养阳性率。结果:研究组的创面愈合时间(18.45±4.64)及瘢痕生长评分(3.23±1.12)均低于对照组(22.45±5.23、5.34±1.23),均有显著差异(P0.05)。治疗后7 d、14 d、21 d研究组的创面疼痛度低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后3 d、7 d、14 d研究组的细菌培养阳性率低于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗期间均没有出现不良事件和严重不良事件的发生。结论:壳聚糖护创敷料用于烧伤创面患者治疗中,可缩短创面愈合时间,抑菌,减少创面愈合后的瘢痕增生,从而减轻患者疼痛,安全性高,值得临床推广应用。     

游离股前外侧皮瓣修复对急诊肢体复合组织缺损患者近期和远期预后的影响

摘要 目的：探讨与分析游离股前外侧皮瓣修复对急诊肢体复合组织缺损患者近期和远期预后的影响。方法：2015年4月到2021年9月选择在本院急诊的下肢复合组织缺损患者66例作为研究对象,根据1:1随机分配原则把患者分为研究组与对照组各33例。研究组给予游离股前外侧皮瓣修复治疗,对照组给予下肢外侧皮瓣修复治疗,观察与随访患者的近期和远期预后情况。结果：所有患者都顺利完成急诊修复治疗,所有皮瓣都创面都Ⅰ期愈合,研究组的术后住院时间、术后换药次数、术后上皮组织完全覆盖创面时间、术后创面愈合时间少于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组术后3个月的皮瓣血供优良率为100.0 %,高于对照组的84.8 %（P<0.05）。研究组术后3个月的血肿、伤口感染、血管危象、骨髓炎等并发症发生率为3.0 %,低于对照组的27.3 %（P<0.05）。研究组术后12个月的皮瓣保护性感觉率为100.0 %,高于对照组的78.8 %（P<0.05）。结论：游离股前外侧皮瓣修复在急诊肢体复合组织缺损患者的应用能促进患者康复,提高皮瓣血供优良率,还可减少并发症的发生,改善患者远期的皮瓣保护性感觉状况。     

Investigation on the microcirculation effect of local application of natural hirudin on porcine random skin flap venous congestion

Medicinal leech therapy is commonly used to treat venous congestion by local application to skin flaps, which are frequently employed in re-construction surgery. In the present study, we investigated the effect of natural hirudin, which was applied locally to treat the venous congestion, in random skin flaps in a Guangxi Bama miniature pig model. The congestive random skin flaps were divided into 3 groups: Group A (control group that was locally applied with saline), Group B (locally applied with 20ATU natural hirudin per each flap), Group C (locally applied with 40ATU natural hirudin per each flap). The microcirculatory changes were observed by measuring myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The level of MPO, MDA and SOD activities in the tissue in hirudin-treated groups was significantly different compared with control group (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between group B and group C. At 12 days, as compared to the control group, flap survival rate in hirudin-treated groups was significantly different (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the groups receiving two different doses of hirudin. Natural hirudin can improve microcirculation by inhibiting oxygen free radical damage and also improve flap survival time.     

带血管髂骨移植动物模型的建立与评估

目的:探索一种相对简单稳定的大鼠髂骨皮瓣移植手术方式,为髂骨移植诱导免疫嵌合状态的研究建立可靠的动物模型。方法:实验分为3组:空白对照组,不做任何处理;旧术式组,将供者髂骨肌皮瓣移植入受者腹股沟区,吻合供者髂腰动静脉和受者股动静脉;实验组,剥离供者髂骨臀大肌,取供者的髂骨连带肌肉及皮瓣移植于受者的腹股沟区域,将供者的髂总动脉和髂腰静脉分别与受者的股动静脉吻合,随后缝合皮肤。术后所有大鼠给予环孢素A 28天,始剂量16 mg/kg/d,第三周始每周剂量减半,第28天处死大鼠并选取髂骨做病理学检测,观测骨髓细胞量,骨陷窝是否有骨细胞等,以此判断髂骨是否成活。结果:实验组共进行手术15例,皮瓣成活11例,成功率73%;病理检测皮下髂骨成活7例,成功率47%;旧术式组共进行手术8例,皮瓣成活4例,成功率50%,病理检测皮下髂骨成活3例,成功率37.5%,其中实验组动脉吻合时间(24.7±2.3)min,明显短于旧术式组(36.7±1.5)min(均P0.05),而静脉吻合时间、缺血时间,供受体准备时间并无差异(均P0.05)。结论:通过剥离供者臀大肌,改变动脉吻合对象,可以建立相对简单、稳定的髂骨皮瓣移植模型,为探索带血管骨髓移植诱导嵌合状态提供了新的动物模型。     

Breast Reconstruction with the free TRAM or DIEP flap: patient selection,choice of flap,and outcome

Recent reports of breast reconstruction with the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap indicate increased fat necrosis and venous congestion as compared with the free transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap. Although the benefits of the DIEP flap regarding the abdominal wall are well documented, its reconstructive advantage remains uncertain. The main objective of this study was to address selection criteria for the free TRAM and DIEP flaps on the basis of patient characteristics and vascular anatomy of the flap that might minimize flap morbidity. A total of 163 free TRAM or DIEP flap breast reconstructions were performed on 135 women between 1997 and 2000. Four levels of muscle sparing related to the rectus abdominis muscle were used. The free TRAM flap was performed on 118 women, of whom 93 were unilateral and 25 were bilateral, totaling 143 flaps. The DIEP flap procedure was performed on 17 women, of whom 14 were unilateral and three were bilateral, totaling 20 flaps. Morbidities related to the 143 free TRAM flaps included return to the operating room for 11 flaps (7.7 percent), total necrosis in five flaps (3.5 percent), mild fat necrosis in 14 flaps (9.8 percent), mild venous congestion in two flaps (1.4 percent), and lower abdominal bulge in eight women (6.8 percent). Partial flap necrosis did not occur. Morbidities related to the 20 DIEP flaps included return to the operating room for three flaps (15 percent), total necrosis in one flap (5 percent), and mild fat necrosis in two flaps (10 percent). Partial flap necrosis, venous congestion, and a lower abdominal bulge were not observed. Selection of the free TRAM or DIEP flap should be made on the basis of patient weight, quantity of abdominal fat, and breast volume requirement, and on the number, caliber, and location of the perforating vessels. Occurrence of venous congestion and total flap loss in the free TRAM and DIEP flaps appears to be independent of the patient age, weight, degree of muscle sparing, and tobacco use. The occurrence of fat necrosis is related to patient weight (p < 0.001) but not related to patient age or preservation of the rectus abdominis muscle. The ability to perform a sit-up is related to patient weight (p < 0.001) and patient age (p < 0.001) but not related to preservation of the muscle or intercostal nerves. The incidence of lower abdominal bulge is reduced after DIEP flap reconstruction (p < 0.001). The DIEP flap can be an excellent option for properly selected women.     

Effect of hyperbaric oxygen and medicinal leeching on survival of axial skin flaps subjected to total venous occlusion

This study evaluates the effect of hyperbaric oxygen and medicinal leeching on axial skin flaps subjected to total venous occlusion. Axial epigastric skin flaps (3 x 6 cm) were elevated on their vascular pedicles in 40 male Wistar rats. Total venous occlusion was achieved by division of all veins draining the skin flap. Arterial inflow was left intact. Animals were randomly assigned to one of five groups: sham (n = 8); control, total venous occlusion only (n = 8); occlusion with hyperbaric oxygen (n = 8); occlusion with leeching (n = 8); occlusion with leeching and hyperbaric oxygen (n = 8). The hyperbaric oxygen protocol consisted of 90-minute treatments, twice daily, with 100% O2 at 2.5 atmospheres absolute for 4 days. The leeching protocol consisted of placing medicinal leeches on the congested flaps for 15 minutes, once daily, for 4 days. Laser Doppler measurements of flap perfusion were recorded preoperatively, postoperatively, and on postoperative days 1 and 3. The percentage of flap necrosis was evaluated on postoperative day 3. Mean percentage necrosis and mean laser Doppler readings were compared between both groups. The flaps in the sham group demonstrated 99 percent survival, whereas the flaps in the occlusion-only group demonstrated 100 percent necrosis. The flaps in the occlusion with oxygen, the occlusion with leeching, and the occlusion with oxygen and leeching groups demonstrated 1, 25, and 67 percent survival, respectively. Sham laser Doppler readings remained within normal limits. Laser Doppler readings in the occlusion-only and the occlusion with oxygen groups decreased to negligible levels on postoperative day 1, and on postoperative day 3 no perfusion was demonstrated. In both the occlusion with leeching and the occlusion with leeching and oxygen groups, there was also a significant decrease in laser Doppler measurements after surgery, but perfusion remained stable throughout the remainder of the study. This study demonstrates that hyperbaric oxygen alone is not an effective treatment for skin flaps compromised by total venous occlusion. The combination of leeching and hyperbaric oxygen treatment of total venous occlusion results in a significant increase in flap survival above that found with leeching alone. It appears that hyperbaric oxygen is effective because of the venous outflow provided by leeching as demonstrated by laser Doppler flow readings.     

The nontypical gluteus maximus flap

Since 1984, 42 patients have been treated with gluteus maximus myocutaneous flaps. In 37 patients, a "classical" gluteus maximus myocutaneous flap was used to cover a sacral-gluteal defect. In 5 patients, a "nontypical" gluteus maximus myocutaneous flap was used: two flaps were advanced from caudal to cranial to close defects over the lumbar spinal area, two flaps were advanced from cranial to caudal to close defects in the perineal region, and one flap was advanced from medial to lateral to close a trochanteric defect. All defects could be closed. There was no flap necrosis. In 12 patients (out of 42) there were minor wound infections, and in 6 patients there were minor wound dehiscences. The average blood loss never exceeded 500 cc, the average time of hospitalization (postoperatively) was 17 days, and mobilization (walking) was started 3 to 4 days postoperatively. The average distance of flap advancement was 10 cm. The maximum defect closed by a bilateral V-Y gluteus maximus myocutaneous flap was 24 x 20 cm.