剑叶龙血树内生真菌Colletotrichum sp.B-152次生代谢产物研究CSCD

采用色谱技术和波谱学分析从剑叶龙血树内生真菌Colletotrichum sp.B-152的培养液和菌丝中,鉴定出了9个化合物:2-hydroxy-4-methyl-1-phenyl-3-pentanone(1)、4-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3-pentanediol(2)、胸腺嘧啶核苷(3)、腺嘌呤核苷(4)、(22 E,24 R)-ergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6β-triol(5)、(4 E,8 E)-N-D-2′-hydroxypalmitoyl-1-O-β-D-glycopyranosyl-9-methyl-4,8-sphingadienine(6)、tuberosider(7)、(22 E,24 R)-5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol(8)、十七烷酸(9),其中化合物1作为天然产物首次报道,化合物2~4、6、7、9首次从刺盘孢属Colletotrichum真菌中分离得到。采用滤纸片扩散法对单体化合物的抑菌活性进行测定,9个化合物对至少一种指示菌表现出不同程度的抑制作用,其中化合物7和8表现出较为广谱的抑菌活性。     

乳孔硫磺菌的化学成分和抗氧化活性

对乳孔硫磺菌子实体不同极性提取物进行了DPPH和ABTS自由基清除能力的测定,并对氯仿和乙酸乙酯提取物进行了分离纯化。结果表明,乳孔硫磺菌的石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯和甲醇提取物均有一定的抗氧化活性,各提取物对两种自由基的清除能力均表现为甲醇提取物＞乙酸乙酯提取物＞氯仿提取物＞石油醚提取物,甲醇提取物对DPPH自由基的清除率最高可达到93.78%;对ABTS自由基的清除率最高可达到62.06%;从氯仿和乙酸乙酯提取物中分离得到10个化合物,分别是：(22E,24R)-5α,8α-过氧麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇（1）,阿里红酸 A（2）,麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇（3）,啤酒甾醇（4）,硫色多孔菌酸（5）,(4E,8E)-N-d-2′-hydroxypalmitoyl-1-O-β-d-glycopyranosyl- 9-methyl-4,8-sphingadienine（6）,麦角甾醇（7）,N-(2′-羟基二十四碳酰基)-1,3,4-三羟基-2-氨基-十八烷（8）,烟酸（9）和齿孔酸（10）。其中,化合物2、6、8和9为首次从硫磺菌属真菌中分离得到。     

黄白红菇的化学成分

从野生真菌黄白红菇Russula ochroleuca(Pers).Fr.子实体中首次分得11个化合物,经光谱法和化学法分别鉴定为2个脑苷脂,1－0－β－D－吡喃葡萄糖基－（2S,3R,4E,8EE,2'R）－2－N－(2'－羟基棕榈酰）－9－甲基－4,8－sphingadienine(cerebrosideB,1)和1－O－β－D－啉喃葡萄糖基－（2S,3R,4E,8E,2'R) -2-N-(2'-羟基十八酰B,I）和－9－甲基－4,8－sphingadienine(cerebrosideD,2);3个麦角甾醇,5α,8α－epidioxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol3,(22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol4,(24S)－ergosta-7-en-3β-ol5.2个含氮杂环化合物,尿嘧啶（uracil6),腺嘌adenine7),1个含硫化合物,硫代乙酰酐（thioacetic anhydride8),以及乙基－β－D－吡喃呤（adenine7),1个含硫化合物,硫代乙酸酐（thioacetic anhydride8),以及乙基－β－D－吡喃葡萄糖苷（ethy1-β－D－glucopyranosde9),D－阿洛醇（D-allitol10),硬脂酸（stearic acid11),化合物1和2为首次从红菇科真菌获得,8作为天然产物系首次报道。     

蓝柄丽齿菌的化学成分

从担子菌亚门蓝柄丽齿菌(Calodon suaveolens)中首次分离得到8个化合物,通过波谱学技术并借助必要的化学方法最终确定结构,它们是：(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇(1),(22E,24R)-5α,8α-过氧麦角甾-6,22-二烯．3β-醇(2),(22E,24R)-麦角甾．5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇(3),(22E,24R)-3β-羟基麦角甾-5,22-二烯-7-酮(4),对羟基苯甲酸(5),尿嘧啶(6),polyozellin(7),(4E,BE）-2-N-(2’-羟基棕榈酰)-1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-9-甲基-4,8-sphingadienine(8)。     

灰黑拟牛肝菌的化学成分

从担子菌灰黑拟牛肝菌（Boletopsis grisea)新鲜子实体的乙醇提取物中首次分离得到10个化合物,包括8个酚性成分,1个含硫成分和1个脑苷脂,它们的结构经各种波谱数据分别鉴定为3－（4－乙酰氧基苯）－1,2,4,7,8－五乙酰氧基二苯并呋喃（1）,3－（4－乙酰氧基苯）－1,2,4－三乙酰氧基－7,8－二羟基二苯并呋喃（2）,3－（4－羟基苯）－1,2－二乙酰氧基－4,7,8－三羟基二苯并呋喃（3）,2,3－二乙酰氧基－4′,4″,5,6－四羟基对联三苯（4）,对苯二酚（5）,对羟基苯甲酸（6）,茴香酸（7）,对羟基苯甲醛（8）,硫代乙酐（9）和1－O－吡喃葡萄糖基－（2S,3R,4E,8E,2′R）-2-N-(2′-羟基棕榈酰）－9－甲基－4,8－sphin-gadienine(10)。其中化合物1,2,3有报道对5－脂氧化酶具有选择性抑制活性。4,9,10均为首次从该属真菌中分离得到。     

栎壮短指软珊瑚的化学成分研究

从南中国海采集的栎壮短指软珊瑚Sinularia robusta macfadyen中分离到神经酰胺苷(4E,8E)-N-D-2'-hydroxydocosanoyl-1-O-β-D-glycopyranosyl-9-methyl-4,8-sphingadienine(1)和开环甾醇3β,11-dihydroxy-9,11-secogorgost-5-en-9-one(2).首次利用X-单晶衍射技术研究了化合物2的晶体结构.     

耳状网褶菌的化学成分

从野生真菌耳状网褶菌（Paxillus pamuoides Fr.)子实体中分得4个化合物,经光谱和化学方法分别鉴定为（2S,3S,4R,2′R）-2－（2′－羟基二十四碳酰氨基）十八碳－1,3,4－三醇（1）、5α,8α－表二氧－（22E,24R）－麦角甾－6,22－二烯－3β-醇[5α,8α-epidioxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-6,22-dien-3β－o1,2]、（22E,24R）－麦角甾－4,6,8（14）,22－四烯－3－酮[(22E,24R)-ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one,3]和对羟基苯甲酸乙酯（ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate,4)。其中化合物4作为天然产物属首次报道。化合物1－4为本科真菌中首次分得。     

三种毒菌的化学成分研究

本文对三种毒菌的化学成分进行了研究。从光盖伞(Psilocybe spp)分离鉴定了4个化合物,经波谱分析鉴定为:(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-十八烷酸酯(1)、β-胡萝卜苷(2)、(22E,24R)-5α,6α-环氧麦角甾-8,22-二烯-3β,7α-二醇(3)、色氨酸(4);从假褐云斑鹅膏(Amanita pseudoporphyria)分离鉴定了4个化合物:(22E,24R)-3β-羟基-5α,8α-过氧化麦角甾-6,22-二烯(5)、(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(6)、1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(2S,3R,4E,8E,2′R)-2-N-(2′-羟基棕榈酰)-9-甲基-4,8-脱氢鞘氨醇(7)、1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(2S,3R,4E,8E,2′R)-2-N-(2′-羟基十八烷酰)-9-甲基-4,8-脱氢鞘氨醇(8);大青褶伞(Chlorophyllum molybdites)发酵菌丝体分离鉴定了4个化合物:5、6、(22E,24R)-5α,6α-环氧麦角甾-8(14),22-二烯-3β,7α-二醇(9)、(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇(10)。除化合物9外其它化合物均为首次从以上相应毒菌中分离得到。     

竹菌化学成分的研究

从肉座菌科真菌竹菌（Engleromyces goelzeiP.Henn)的乙酸乙酯部分分离到一个新化合物（2S,3S,4R,10E）-2-[2′R）-2′-hydroxytetracosanoyl amino]-10-octadecene-1,3,4-triol(1)和12个已知化合物,分别为cerebrosideA,cerebrosideB,cerebrosideD,cytochalasinD,expoeycytochalasinD.cytochalasin C,loganin,cerevisterol,ergosta-7,22-=dien-3β,5α,6α-triol,ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one,ergosterol peroxide和ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-ol。利用现代波谱方法（^1H-NMR,^13C-NMR,2D-NMR和ESI-MS等）及化学方法将化合物1鉴定为一新的神经酰胺,除化合物cytochalasinD外,其余的化合物均系首次从该真菌中发现,首次从真菌界分离鉴定了一个环烯醚萜甙类化合物loganin。     

茶褐牛肝菌化学成分研究

为了解茶褐牛肝菌(Neoboletus brunneissimus)的化学成分,共分离鉴定了18个化合物,经理化性质和波谱分析,分别鉴定为5α,8α-环二氧-(22E,24R)-麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(1)、5α,8α-环二氧-(22E,24R)-麦角甾-6,9(11),22-三烯-3β-醇(2)、(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇(3)、(24S)-麦角甾-7-烯-3β-醇(4)、(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(5)、(24S)-乙基胆甾烯-7-烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(6),(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β,9α-四烯(7)、(22E,24R)-麦角甾-5,7,2-三烯-3β-醇(8)、3β-O-吡喃葡萄糖基-5α,8α-环二氧-(22E,24R)-麦角-6,22-二烯(9)、富马酸单甲酯(10)、富马酸(11)、琥珀酸(12)、反-2-癸烯二酸(13)、烟酸(14)、烟酰胺(15)、莽草酸(16)、亚油酸-α-甘油酯(17)和1-O-吡喃葡萄糖基-(2S,3R,4E,8E,2′R)-2-N-(2′-羟基棕榈酰)-9-甲基-4,8-鞘氨醇(18)。以上化合物均为首次从茶褐牛肝菌中分离得到,其中化合物6、9、13和17为首次从牛肝菌科高等真菌中分离得到。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.