中国东北汉族及3个少数民族DYS19和DYS287多态性研究

本文以中国东北汉族和鄂温克,鄂伦春,达斡尔３个少数民族人群为研究对象,采用ＰＣＲ产物变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电胶的方法分析了Ｙ染色体特异性微卫星ＤＹＳ１９的等位基因分布规律。结果显示：东北汉族人群中各等位基因分布较分数Ａ２．９％,Ｂ２６．０９％,Ｃ２６．０９％,Ｄ２８．９８％,Ｅ１５．９４％;东北汉族和３个少数民族人群的等位基因频率有显著性差异。     

小鼠富集着丝粒DNA在小鼠减数分裂粗线期染色体上的原位杂交

本工作用Ｈｏｅｃｈｓｔ ３３２５８及着丝粒特异抗体间接免疫荧光法显示的小鼠粗线期染色体主缢痕区,与以小鼠富集着丝粒ＤＮＡ为探针在粗线期染色体上的原位杂交主缢痕区作了比较。发现ＳＦＡ ＤＮＡ探针不仅杂交于全部常染色体联会复合体上的着线粒区,并且杂交于着丝粒周围的异染色质区;而且,也杂交于Ｘ,Ｙ染色体的着丝粒区。由此结论：此富集ＳＦＡ ＤＮＡ中含有全套常染色体及Ｘ,Ｙ染色体的ＳＦＡ ＤＮＡ。     

SOX基因家族的研究现状

ＳＯＸ基因家族是一个新发现的基因家族,其主要特征是具有一个保守基序———ＨＭＧ -ｂｏｘ,可以和ＤＮＡ进行序列特异性的结合。该家族的第一个成员是哺乳动物的性别决定基因ＳＲＹ／Ｓｒｙ。由于ＳＯＸ基因在胚胎发育及性别分化过程中可能起着重要的作用,对其研究进展十分迅速。本文根据现有资料总结了有关方面的研究成果。１ＳＯＸ基因的发现人类中存在一些性反转患者 (ＸＸ男性或ＸＹ女性 ),其性别表型与其性染色体组成不一致。详尽分析其染色体结构,发现前者大多获得了一段Ｙ片段;后者往往失去了一段Ｙ染色体片段,由于不同患者…     

闭锁繁育乌骨鸡群体的RAPD指纹分析

随机抽样测定了一个长期闭锁繁育和一个开放繁育雪峰乌骨鸡群体的早期生长和成活率,并藉ＲＡＰＤ分析比较了２个乌骨鸡群体的遗传学特征,结果表明：闭锁繁育群体ＲＡＰＤ标记的平均共带系数和平均带纹频率显著高于开放群体．标记效应估计结果表明随机引物Ｓ１０２扩增的ｂ４（１８２０ｂｐ）和ｂ５（１９３０ｂｐ）片段和Ｓ１０５扩增的ｂ９（１８４９ｂｐ）和ｂ１０（４１０４ｂｐ）片段作为遗传标记对于体重（尤其是３５日龄和７０日龄体重）具有很高的负向相关效应,因此,该４个ＲＡＰＤ标记可以作为近交衰退候选指示标记加以深入研究,最终结论有待于在大样本、多群体、多世代资料中验证．     

双价外壳蛋白基因植物表达载体的构建及马铃薯转基因植株的鉴定

在克隆了马铃薯Ｘ病毒（ＰＶＸ）、马铃薯Ｙ 病毒（ＰＶＹ）和马铃薯卷叶病毒（ＰＬＲＶ）的外壳蛋白基因的基础上,构建同时包含ＰＶＸ和ＰＶＹ 与ＰＶＹ 和ＰＬＲＶ 两个外壳蛋白基因植物表达框架的表达载体,通过农杆菌（Ａｇｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ ｔｕｍｅｆａｃｉｅｎｓ）介导转化烟草（Ｎｉｃｏｔｉａｎａｔａｂａｃｕｍ ）和生产上常用的几个马铃薯（Ｓｏｌａｎｕｍ ｔｕｂｅｒｏｓｕｍ ）优良品种：“Ｆａｖｏｒｉｔａ”、“虎头”、“克４”。经ＰＣＲ检测证明外源基因已整合到植物的染色体上,得到批量转基因植株。在转ＰＶＸ＋ＰＶＹ 外壳蛋白基因的烟草上接种ＰＶＸ （５ μｇ／ｍ Ｌ）、ＰＶＹ（２０ μｇ／ｍ Ｌ）病毒,得到有一定抗性的植株     

大鳞副泥鳅中Sox 9基因保守区的序列分析

应用特异于ＨＭＧ－ｂｏｘ区域的兼并引物,扩增了大鳞副泥鳅的Ｓｏｘ基因。在扩增产物中发现３条大小分别为２２０ｂｐ、５５０ｂｐ和１５００ｂｐ的扩增带。经克隆和ＤＮＡ序列分析,从片段５５０ｂｐ扩增带中得到一个新的基因片段,其可能编码的蛋白质氨基酸序列与人、鸡、小鼠的Ｓｏｘ９基因相似性最高,达到９４％;其与ＨＳＯＸ１０、ＭＳｏｘ１０、ＨＳＲＹ、ＭＳｒｙ的相似性分别为８７％、５５％、４０％和４７％。     

哺乳动物性别分化的调控

哺乳动物性别分化调控的分子机制的研究特别是性别分化的层次调控、剂量补偿和性染色体进化这三个领域,已取得快速进展。已经发现Ｙ染色体性别决定区基因（ＳＲＹ）、Ｘ染色体ＤＳＳ－ＡＨＣ决定区基因１（ＤＡＸ－１）、甾类生成因子１基因（ＳＦ１）和Ｗｉｌｍｓ瘤抑制基因（ＷＴ－１）等与哺乳动物性别决定有关。ＳＲＹ启动睾丸分化,但胚胎发育成雄性的其余步骤由事丸分泌的激素控制。ＤＡＸ－１且编码一种女性特异功能的蛋白质,它在男性中被ＳＲＹ所抑制。ＳＦ－１和ＷＴ－１在ＳＲＹ开启之前作用于性腺和肾上腺发育的启动。哺乳动物通过随机失活雌性两条Ｘ染色体中的一条来使Ｘ连锁的基因在两性间的表达水平达到平衡（剂量补偿）。Ｘ染色体失活由Ｘ染色体失活中心（ＸＩＣ）控制。失活的Ｘ染色体专一转录基因（ＸＩＳＴ）是ＸＩＣ的强烈候选者,它可能参与Ｘ失活的启动。对有袋目和单孔目动物性染色体的研究为我们提供了其进化的信息。有证据支持性染色体起源于一对同源常染色体,而ＳＲＹ的祖先基因可能是ＳＯＸ－３。     

白颊长臂猿染色体的研究

本文对我国云南南部的白须长臂猿（Ｈ．ｌｅｕｃｏｇｅｎｙｓ）染色体的Ｇ带、Ｃ带、晚复制带及Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ进行了较为详细的研究。它的２ｎ＝５２,核型公式为４４（Ｍ或ＳＭ）＋６（Ａ）,ＸＹ（Ｍ,Ａ）。Ｃ带表明一些染色体着丝点Ｃ带弱化;有的染色体出现插入的和端位的Ｃ带;Ｘ染色体两臂有端位Ｃ带,Ｙ染色体是Ｃ带阳性和晚复制的。Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ的数目,雌体有４个,雄体有５个,Ｙ染色体上具ＮＯＲ。本文对白颊长臂猿与其它长臂猿间的亲缘关系、核型进化的可能途径进行了讨论。     

人Xp21．1－p21．3上3．5MbYAC重叠群构建及物理图谱分析

用Ａｌｕ－ＰＣＲ指纹图谱法分析了人Ｘｐ２１．１－ｐ２１．３上一系列的酵母人工染色体（ｙｅａｓｔａｒｔｉｆｉｃｉａｌｃｈｒｏｍｏｓｏｍｅ,ＹＡＣ）克隆,发现其中的两个ＹＡＣ克隆构成包含ＤＸＳ１６６位点的重叠群,而且这一重叠群与以前构建的包含ＤＭＤ基因全序列的ＹＡＣ重叠群相连接,ＹＡＣ克隆末端探针交叉杂交证实了这一重叠,使这一ＹＡＣ重叠群至少延伸至ＤＸＳ１６６位点,形成一个跨度为３．５Ｍｂ的ＹＡＣ重叠群。基于这些重叠的ＹＡＣ克隆绘制了这一区域的大尺度限制酶切图谱,并在这一图谱上定位了ＤＸＳ１６６位点,从而确定了ＤＸＳ１６６位点与ＤＭＤ基因的物理关系。这一工作为ＤＭＤ基因的５＇远端调控作用研究及该区域未知基因的克隆奠定了基础。     

华山新麦草和鹅观草属两个种间物种生物学研究

通过华山新麦草（２ｎ＝１４,ＮＮ）和鹅观草属的两个种（纤毛鹅观草（２ｎ＝２８ ＳＹ）和鹅观草（２ｎ＝４２ ＳＨＹ）属间杂交,两个组合均得到生长健壮的植株。杂种Ｆ１形态上均为双亲的中间型。纤毛鹅观草Ｘ华山新麦草和鹅观草Ｘ华山新麦草杂种Ｆ１染色体配对构型分别为：２０．７３Ｉ＋０．３１８Ⅱ,２４．８０１Ⅰ＋１．５７Ⅱ＋０．０１２Ⅲ。后期Ⅰ均出现多极分离。两个组合均发现减数分裂过程异常现象。两个组合染色体     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.