微弱发光分析技术应用实例(六)——发光分析与肿瘤研究

微弱发光分析技术已经用于肿瘤学研究,骨肿瘤病人和正常人的血液和尿液的发光强度使用ＢＰＣＬ型微弱发光测量仪进行了测量,结果指出,骨肿瘤病人血液和尿液的发光强度高于正常人（Ｐ〈０．０５）,骨肿瘤病人尿液的发光强度在手术之后明显降低（Ｐ〈０．０５）。裸鼠血液和各种脏器的微弱发光测量结果表明,荷瘤之后,各个脏器的发光强度显著增加。     

大豆、小麦、玉米的超弱发光与干旱条件下种子萌发的关系

本文在模拟干旱的条件下研究了几种作物超弱发光的变化。大豆、小麦、玉米种子在蒸馏水中萌发时发光强度高于蔗糖处理时的发光强度(P＜0.05);同种作物不同品种的种子在蔗糖溶液中萌发时发光强度表现出差异;用蒸馏水和蔗糖分别处理不同抗旱性的品种,则呈现与抗性有关的发光现象。     

高血压对大鼠心肌PPAR-γ表达水平的影响及其意义

以自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）为模型,Wistar-Kyoto大鼠（WKY）为正常对照,探讨过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ（PPAR-γ）表达水平,在高血压肥厚心肌中的变化及其意义.4周龄(4w)、16周龄(16w) SHR及WKY称量体重（BM）后取心脏,分别测量左心室（LV）、室间隔（IS）、右心室（RV）湿重（WM）,并应用免疫组织化学技术,检测大鼠心肌细胞PPAR-γ表达;应用蛋白质印迹和RT-PCR技术,检测 4w、16w SHR LV、IS、RV PPAR-γ蛋白质和mRNA水平.发现4w SHR LVWM/BM、ISWM/BM、RVWM/BM与同龄WKY相比无显著性差异（P＞0.05）,PPAR-γ的蛋白质和mRNA表达水平亦相似（P＞0.05）;16w SHR LVWM/BM和ISWM/BM较同龄WKY明显增高（P＜0.01）,而PPAR-γ的蛋白质和mRNA水平显著降低（P＜0.01）,16w SHR RVWM/BM与16wWKY相比差异无显著性（P＞0.05）,PPAR-γ的蛋白质表达水平亦无显著性差异（P＞0.05）,mRNA水平较WKY略减弱（P＜0.05）.实验结果提示,长期压力负荷过重导致SHR LV和IS心肌代偿性肥厚,肥厚心肌中PPAR-γ蛋白质和mRNA表达水平显著降低,推测心肌细胞PPAR-γ表达受抑制,可能参与了高血压心室重塑的发生机制.     

异种源复合益生菌对杜滇仔猪肠道微生物多样性的影响

为研究异种源复合益生菌对超早期断奶（7日龄）的杜洛克×滇南小耳猪肠道微生物多样性的影响,选取30头7日龄杜洛克×滇南小耳猪,分为DD组哺喂代乳粉,DY组哺喂代乳粉+复合益生菌,对照组（DM组）母乳喂养,每组10头。试验期为21 d,采用IIIumina技术分析粪便菌群组成。结果表明,早期哺喂代乳粉,使杜洛克×滇南小耳猪肠道菌群多样性下降（P＜0.05）,厚壁菌门（P＜0.01）、螺旋菌门（P＜0.05）和Epsilonbacteraeota（P＜0.01）相对丰度降低,乳杆菌属相对丰度极显著提高（P＜0.01）,代乳粉中添加异种源复合益生菌后,拟杆菌门和普氏菌属的相对丰度显著提高（P＜0.05））,与碳水化合物代谢（Prevotella_7、Prevotella_2、Prevotella_9）及肠道抗炎症（Colilnsella）相关菌群的相对丰度也显著提高,具有降低仔猪断奶应激的潜能。     

三甲医院病人分级护理服务需求影响因素及对策研究

目的 通过对病人分级护理服务现状的调查,分析病人分级护理服务需求的影响因素。方法 2016年1—12月,对6家三甲医院主管临床护理的管理者进行分级护理方面的调研,对6家三甲医院的病人进行病人分级护理服务需求问卷调查。结果 不同职业、文化程度、自理能力、护理等级的护理服务需求比较,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）。0.004%的病人暂时尚无分级护理服务需求。在7 911名有分级护理服务需求的病人中,97.5%的病人希望有基本治疗服务,95.9%的病人希望有病情观察服务,95.7%的病人希望有健康教育服务,87.5%的病人希望有清洁服务,36.8%的病人希望有帮助活动服务,26.1%的病人希望有饮食指导服务,22.7%的病人希望有帮助排泄服务。相关性分析结果显示,经济状况与文化程度有关（r=0.288,P＜0.01）,年龄和病人自理能力有关（r=0.266,P ＜0.01）。多因素logistic 回归分析结果显示,自理能力、护理等级是分级护理服务需求的影响因素（P＜0.05）。结论 自理能力越差,护理等级越高,病人分级护理服务需求度越高。社会与政府应当重视病人的分级护理,明确等级划分标准,规范分级护理服务内容,加强分级护理服务建设。     

表达幽门螺杆菌粘附素保守区的减毒鼠伤寒沙门菌免疫治疗作用的研究

探讨表达幽门螺杆菌（Helicobacter pylori,Hp）粘附素保守区（AB）的减毒鼠伤寒沙门菌X4072（pYA248-AB）的免疫治疗效果,以及可能的免疫治疗机制,以确定X4072（pYA248-AB）在Hp疫苗研制中的应用价值.建立Hp感染小鼠模型,在该模型中评价X4072（pYA248-AB）治疗Hp感染的效果,运用细菌培养法观察Hp根除率及定植量的改变,流式细胞术分析免疫后小鼠脾细胞亚型,IL-2和IL-4细胞依赖株的细胞测活法检测细胞因子,ELISA法检测小鼠血清及肠液中抗AB抗体产生情况.结果表明,免疫治疗后疫苗治疗组根除率为53.3%,显著高于X4072（pYA248）和PBS对照组（P＜0.01）.未根除Hp的小鼠,疫苗治疗组Hp的定植密度明显低于其他两组（P＜0.01）.应用流式细胞仪分析免疫小鼠脾CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T淋巴细胞的比值时,发现疫苗治疗组和鼠伤寒菌对照组的比值均显著高于PBS对照组（P＜0.05）,而疫苗治疗组的比值又显著高于鼠伤寒菌对照组（P＜0.05）.进一步对细胞因子进行分析发现,与PBS对照组相比免疫治疗组和鼠伤寒菌对照组IL-2和IL-4明显升高(P＜0.05).同时,免疫治疗组与鼠伤寒菌对照组相比,IL-4增高明显(P＜0.05).针对AB的抗体测定结果发现,仅在免疫治疗组的小鼠肠液中检测到了IgA抗体.免疫治疗组IgG抗体滴度较其他两组明显升高,第二次加强免疫后2周即上升至1∶10 000.动物实验表明,X4072（pYA248-AB）能根除或显著降低Hp在小鼠胃内的定植,其可能的免疫治疗机制包括提高CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值,诱导Th1和Th2反应以及产生针对AB的特异性抗体.     

天敌应激下小鼠血浆皮质酮、巨噬细胞产生NO、IL-1β水平与脑不对称性

为探讨天敌应激下脑不对称性对小鼠HPA轴活性及巨噬细胞功能的影响,通过伸爪取食法将Balb/c小鼠分为左利、右利、双利组,分别暴露在鼠类天敌——猫急性应激（45 min,1次）、慢性应激（45 min/次,每天1次,连续14天）刺激后,分别用EIA法、硝酸还原酶法、ELISA法测定了血浆皮质酮、腹腔巨噬细胞培养上清中一氧化氮（nitric oxide, NO）、IL-1β水平. a.血浆皮质酮水平：急性应激下,右利、双利组小鼠血浆皮质酮升高,右利组更为显著,左利组呈下降趋势,右利、双利组显著高于左利组及相应正常对照组（P＜0.05）;慢性应激下,右利、双利组显著高于相应正常对照组,左利、双利组也显著高于急性应激下相应组（P＜0.05）.b.NO水平：急性应激下,左利组腹腔巨噬细胞培养上清中NO无显著变化,右利、双利组呈升高趋势,右利显著高于左利（P＜0.05）;慢性应激中,三组NO水平均显著高于相应正常对照组（P＜0.05）.c.IL-1β水平：急性应激下,左利组IL-1β水平显著低于相应正常对照组,P＜0.05;慢性应激下,左利、双利组与正常对照组相比均有所降低,但无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,右利组则显著高于相应正常对照组（P＜0.05）.上述研究结果提示,小鼠在暴露于天敌——猫应激下,脑不对称可影响HPA轴活性及巨噬细胞功能.     

浙江省儿科医生工作满意度与离职意愿调查

目的 了解浙江省儿科医生工作满意度和离职意愿现状,分析满意度和离职意愿的影响因素。方法 抽取浙江省儿科医生414名,采取问卷调查法,运用明尼苏达工作满意度短式量表和离职意愿量表进行调查。结果 浙江省儿科医生本科学历居多,大多来自三级医院;总体满意度与职称、收入成正相关,与专业背景、离职意愿负相关（P＜0.05）;外在满意度与学历、专业背景、离职意愿负相关（P＜0.05）;内在满意度与年龄、职称、儿科工作年限、收入、医院等级正相关,与离职意愿负相关（P＜0.05）;离职意愿与年龄、职称、儿科工作年限、收入、各满意度负相关（P＜0.05）。结论 提高儿科医生满意度要重点提高其外在满意度,即工作环境、职位的晋升、收入等;提高收入可以明显降低儿科医生离职意愿;专业背景是满意度和离职意愿共同的影响因素,儿科专业背景的儿科医生具有更好的从业稳定性。     

DRGs IE15组在临床路径管理前后的费用影响分析

目的 探讨临床路径对DRGs付费IE15组费用的影响。方法 对某三级甲等医院骨关节科2012年DRGs试点IE15组146例病历实行临床路径管理,分析其平均住院费用和平均住院天数的情况,并与2011年166例病历未实行临床路径管理的结果进行比较。结果 某三级甲等医院骨关节科IE15组实行临床路径管理后的平均住院费用(10 463.65元)和平均住院日（4.03天）明显低于实行临床路径管理前的平均住院费用（11 373.27元）和平均住院日（4.90天）（分别有P＜0.05和P＜0.000 1）。结论 临床路径可以降低DRGs的费用和住院日。     

人体血液的超微弱发光研究

采用一台高灵敏的单光子计数系统,研究了108例人体血液的超微弱光子辐射.结果表明:正常人血液的发光值平均每秒每平方厘米的计数在29.9水平内波动.血液的发光强度和供血者的年龄、性别有关.在选定的实验条件下,癌症患者血液的发光强度明显高于对照组,尤以肝、卵巢癌症患者显著.这一结果意味着血液的超微弱发光探测,有可能用于癌症的早期诊断.但对临床实践来说,血清的发光将更为有用.     

尿微量白蛋白、尿β2-微球蛋白、转铁蛋白、糖化血红蛋白联合检测在糖尿病动物模型中的应用

目的探讨尿微量白蛋白(mALb)、尿β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)、尿转铁蛋白(TRF)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)联合检测在非人灵长类糖尿病肾病早期诊断中的应用效果。方法恒河猴5只,小剂量30 mg/kg多次静脉注射链脲佐菌素(STZ),血糖稳定后观察尿微量白蛋白、转铁蛋白(TRF)、β2-微球蛋白、糖化血红蛋白及血脂指标。连续观察13个月。结果动物的高血糖状态持续6个月后开始出现胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)代谢异常。甘油三酯(TG)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)9个月开始出现代谢异常。尿mALB与β2-MG呈正相关(F=0.242,0.153,P<0.05),TRF与β2-MG呈正相关(F=0.213,P<0.05),HbAlc与β2-MG呈正相关(F=0.153,0.097,P<0.05)。单因素线性回归分析发现TRF是β2-MG和mALB的相关因子(P<0.05)。结论尿微量白蛋白、尿β2-微球蛋白、转铁蛋白、糖化血红蛋白及血脂联合检测可很好的应用于恒河猴动物模型,对糖尿病模型动物早期监控、诊断、治疗及预后有重要意义。     

外阴硬化性苔癣组织P53、PCNA表达、DNA含量及与细胞增殖的关系

探讨外阴硬化性苔癣组织中的 P5 3、PCNA表达 ,DNA含量与细胞增殖的关系。免疫组化方法测定 2 0例外阴硬化性苔癣组织和 10例正常外阴皮肤中 P5 3、 PCNA蛋白表达 ;图像分析技术检测两组基底层细胞核形态及 DNA含量。结果显示 ,外阴硬化苔癣组 P5 3阳性表达率为 40 % ,与正常皮肤比较 P<0 .0 5 ,PCNA阳性表达率为 70 % ,与正常皮肤比较 P>0 .0 5 ,阳性表达主要分布于棘层、颗粒层 ;基底细胞核显著变小和 DNA含量降低 (P<0 .0 5 )。结果表明外阴硬化性苔癣组织中存在细胞增殖异常     

The behavioural role of pit organs in the epaulette shark

Epaulette sharks Hemiscyllium ocellatum in three treatments, pit organs (free neuromasts) ablated, sham-operated and normal ( n  = 8 for each treatment), showed a significant preference for facing upstream in a flume ( P  < 0·05). There were no significant differences in the mean angles or angular variances among treatments. Individuals with ablated pit organs, however, spent significantly less time moving around than controls ( P  < 0·05), suggesting that pit organs contributed to motivation for activity. Pit organs do not appear to make an important contribution to rheotaxis in H. ocellatum . It is suggested that this may be due to structural differences in the pit organs of H. ocellatum compared with other species.     

结肠癌患者血清及癌组织中VEGF的表达水平及临床意义

目的探讨结肠癌患者血清及癌组织中血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的表达水平及临床意义。方法选择不同TNM分期的结肠癌患者88例,同时收集因外伤而切除部分结肠组织的患者43例作为对照组,采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测不同患者在结肠癌手术前后血清中VEGF水平,利用实时定量PCR,免疫印迹及免疫组织化学染色法测定癌组织及正常对照组中VEGF表达水平,分析VEGF在血清及癌组织中表达水平与临床病理因素相关性。结果 TNM各期结肠癌患者手术前后血清VEGF水平均高于对照组,且差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。各期结肠癌患者术前血清VEGF表达高于术后表达水平,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。与对照组相比,结肠癌组织中VEGF表达水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论血清及癌组织中VEGF表达水平与结肠癌的临床病理分级及血管浸润呈正相关,有望作为结肠癌病理分级和手术疗效及预后的评价指标。     

NGF与Neuritin在脑外伤伴四肢骨折病人血清中的表达及意义

目的：通过检测脑外伤患者、脑外伤合并骨折患者、骨折患者及正常人外周血中NG3F,neuritin不同时间段的表达,根据其含量的变化,判断与骨折愈合速度的相关性,寻找骨折愈合的关键因子。方法：收集单纯脑外伤、单纯骨折患者各80例、脑外伤合并骨折患者60例、健康体检人群20例。选取外伤后3天、10天、2周抽取所有实验对象的静脉血,应用ELISA技术测定标本中NGF与Neuritin的含量。结果：损伤后每个时间段里,患者血清中NGF、neuritin含量有不同程度升高,均高于正常对照组,其中又以脑外伤合并骨折组最高。血清NGF在骨折合并脑外伤组伤后第3天含量明显升高,为（0．86±0．21）,伤后10天为（1．47±0．29）。14天为（2．07±0．21）,脑外伤合并四肢骨折组neuritin血清含量在伤后第3天略有升高为（83．47±18．85）,10天（108．50±31．65）,2周（91．86±21．12）．脑外伤合并骨折病人血清NGF、neuritin表达明显高于其他对照组,差别均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：脑外伤合并骨折病人血清NGF、neuritin表达明显高于其他对照组,说明与骨折愈合有着密切的相关性,两种因子可能在骨折愈合修复过程中共同起作用,从而,推测可能是脑外伤后骨折愈合加速的重要因素。     

弱噪声对下丘神经元声强敏感性的动态调制

为探讨复杂听环境下行为相关声信号提取的可能机制,研究了弱噪声对下丘(IC)神经元强度．放电率函数(RIF)的影响。实验在9只昆明小鼠(Musmusculus Km)上进行,在自由声场刺激条件下,分别记录短纯音刺激以及同步输出短纯音阂下5dB包络白噪声刺激时IC神经元的RIF,共获112个IC神经元,测量了其中44个神经元在加入噪声前(W／O)后(w)的RIF。以加入噪声前后RIF的声强动力学范围(DR)、斜率、以及不同声刺激强度的放电率抑制百分比变化为指标,比较分析发现：弱噪声对神经元发放率的影响呈三种类型,即抑制(39／44,88．6％)、易化(2／44,4．6％)和无影响(3／44,6．8％),但只有抑制性影响有显著性意义(P＜0．001,n=39);弱噪声对阂反应的抑制效应最强,并随纯音强度的增加而逐步减弱(P＜0．01301,n=39);此外,弱噪声的抑制作用还使大部分神经元的(31／39,79．5％)DR变窄(P＜0．01,,l=31)、RIF的斜率增加(P＜0．01,n=31)。上述结果提示,弱噪声参与下丘神经元声强敏感性的动态调制过程。这一观察为人们深入了解自然听环境中声信号提取的中枢机制提供了新认识。     

The influence of bariatric surgery on calcium homeostasis and biochemical markers of bone turnover in patients with morbid obesity

INTRODUCTION: Obese patients may have abnormal calcium homeostasis because of unbalanced diet and decreased sun exposure. Bariatric surgery itself may lead to disturbances in calcium homeostasis (and in consequence changes in bone mass) or increase preexisting metabolic derangements. The aim of the study was: 1. To assess calcium homeostasis and biochemical markers of bone turnover in patients with morbid obesity. 2. To determine the impact of bariatric surgery on parameters mentioned above. 3. To establish recommendations for supplementation with calcium and vitamin D in morbidly obese patients after bariatric surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Serum calcium, parathormone (PTH), vitamin D (25(OH)D), biochemical markers of bone turnover (beta-CrossLaps as a marker of bone resorption and osteocalcin as a marker of bone formation) and urine calcium as well as fat mass, lean mass and bone mineral content (by DXA) were measured before bariatric surgery of the stomach (VBG or GBP) in 57 morbidly obese patients (48 women, 9 men; mean age 35.9 y). The same procedures were repeated six months after operation in 28 of them (24 women, 4 men). Daily calcium intake was also determined based on food questionnaire. RESULTS: Biochemical findings in the group of patients before bariatric surgery were as follows: serum calcium, beta-CrossLaps and urine calcium were within normal range, PTH concentration was increased to 81.0 pg/ml and 25(OH)D as well as osteocalcin concentration decreased (4.9 ng/ml and 13.6 ng/ml, respectively). Six months after bariatric surgery there was no change in serum and urine calcium, PTH concentration decreased to normal level (46.8 pg/ml), 25(OH)D concentration increased to 6.5 ng/ml (not significant) and still remained below normal range. Markers of bone turnover--both resorption and formation--increased (beta-CrossLaps over normal range to 0.594 ng/ml, osteocalcin to normal range 26.8 ng/ml). Daily calcium intake was below RDA before and after bariatric procedure. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Patients with morbid obesity have secondary hyperparathyroidism and deficiency of vitamin D. 2. Abrupt weight loss after bariatric surgery is accompanied by the regression of secondary hyperparathyroidism, decrease of the deficiency of vitamin D and increase in bone turnover. 3. Supplementation with vitamin D and calcium is recommended for patients with morbid obesity after bariatric surgery.     

Effects of light intensity and addition of carotene rich Dunaliella salina live cells on growth and antioxidant activity of Solea senegalensis Kaup (1858) larval and metamorphic stages

Senegal sole Solea senegalensis larval and metamorphic stages were exposed to a range of light intensities (200, 1000 and 2000 lx) in cultures with or without supplementation of β-carotene-rich live Dunaliella salina cells. Antioxidant biomarkers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (KAT), total glutathione peroxidase (t-GPX) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined in larval and metamorphic stages. Growth was not affected ( P > 0·05) either by light intensity or D. salina supplementation. Survival after metamorphosis was also unaffected by D. salina supplementation (mean ± s . e . 81·0 ± 2·5% against 80·6 ± 2·9% those fed the control algal diet) or light intensity (mean ± s . e . 74·3 ± 4·9% for 200 lx, 85·1 ± 2·7% for 1000 lx and 82·8 ± 5·2% for 2000 lx, respectively). Light intensity affected ( P < 0·05) KAT and t-GPX throughout development. SOD was only affected in metamorphosing larvae. The highest KAT and t-GPX activities were detected when the lowest light intensity (200 lx) was used. Light had no effect ( P > 0·05) on MDA at any stage. Supplementing the diet with D. salina did not affect SOD, KAT or t-GPX and there was no interaction ( P > 0·05) with light intensity. MDA was the only biomarker whose activity was significantly ( P < 0·05) reduced when D. salina was supplemented to the larval rearing tanks. The effect of D. salina supplementation was only detected in metamorphosing larvae, whose MDA levels were noticeably higher than in earlier stages. These results are evidence of the antiperoxidative effect of β-carotene from live algae in the larval rearing process of marine fishes.     

Rapid Hypercalciuria Induction With Bone Formation Marker Reduction During Immobilization in Children

ObjectiveTo prospectively examine the occurrence of hypercalciuria and changes in bone metabolite markers in pediatric patients during immobilization.MethodsIn total, 13 children with an orthopedic disease requiring immobilization longer than 2 weeks were enrolled. Blood samples were collected after breakfast. Urine samples were collected at the second voiding after waking. The urine calcium/creatinine (Ca/Cr) ratio and various bone metabolite parameters were measured before and every 1 to 4 weeks after the start of immobilization.ResultsThe median patient age was 7 years with a range of 2 to 13 years. Orthopedic diseases in the patients were dislocated hip joint (N = 7), slipped capital femoral epiphysis (N = 2), etc. The urine Ca/Cr ratio increased significantly within a week after immobilization (P < .01) and continued to increase for 2 more weeks. Once immobilization ended, the urine Ca/Cr ratio gradually decreased and returned to the normal range approximately 6 weeks after mobility was achieved (P < .01). Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bone-specific ALP significantly decreased after immobilization began (P < .01). After immobilization ended, the serum ALP returned to preimmobilization levels in 2 to 4 weeks (P < .01). Serum N-terminal telopeptides did not change significantly during immobilization.ConclusionThe urine Ca/Cr ratio immediately increased after immobilization. In contrast to adults, bone formation markers in children decreased during immobilization, whereas bone resorption markers did not increase. To our knowledge, this study is the first to examine bone metabolism markers in children during immobilization.     

Serum and urine levels of interleukin-8 in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Angiogenesis plays an important role in many types of cancer. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is known to be a pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic cytokine, and IL-8 has been reported to be associated with tumor progression, prognosis and survival in several types of cancers. However, the role of IL-8 in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has not been fully determined. Here, we evaluated the usefulness of measuring serum and urine IL-8 levels in patients with NHL. We developed reference intervals for serum and urine IL-8 level in 131 control individuals. We measured serum IL-8 and urine IL-8 levels in patients with NHL, and we compared the concentrations with those of control individuals. The reference intervals for serum IL-8 and urine IL-8 corrected by creatinine (Cr) were 15.9-430.3 pg/mL and 0.0-28.4 pg/mg Cr, respectively. The concentrations of urine IL-8/Cr were significantly higher in patients than in controls (48.9+/-194.4 vs. 5.2+/-13.8 pg/mg Cr, P<0.001). However, there were no significant differences in serum IL-8 concentrations between NHL patients and controls (159.2+/-40.4 vs. 99.6+/-107.1 pg/mL; P=0.099). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis gave 0.83 and 0.43 ROC area values for urine IL-8/Cr and serum IL-8, respectively. There was no correlation between the serum and urine concentrations of IL-8 and clinical variables, the only exception being the international prognostic index (IPI), which showed a marginal correlation with urine IL-8/Cr levels (P=0.07). This study indicated that urine IL-8/Cr levels might be useful as a diagnostic marker of NHL.