多药耐药基因在肝细胞癌中的表达及与p53、PCNA表达的相关性研究

目的　研究肝细胞癌 (HCC)组织中多药耐药基因MDR 1与p5 3蛋白及增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)表达的关系 ,旨在从基因水平进一步探讨预测化学治疗效果的可行性。方法　利用免疫组织化学方法 (S P法 )研究 30例肝穿活检的肝癌组织中MDR 1、p5 3和PCNA的表达。结果　 30例肝细胞癌中MDR 1的阳性表达率为 5 6 6 7% ,MDR 1阳性表达与组织学分级无关 (P >0 0 5 )。MDR 1表达与 p5 3、PCNA表达间无相关性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　通过检测MDR 1基因可以对肝细胞癌病人进行化学治疗敏感性预测 ;肝细胞癌中MDR 1基因表达不依赖于 p5 3和细胞增殖这些因素。     

结直肠癌mP53 和PCNA 表达的相关性及临床意义

目的:探讨结直肠癌中突变型P53基因(mP53)和增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)表达的相关性及临床意义。方法:应用免疫组化二步法,检测60例结直肠癌组织及20例正常肠粘膜中mP53、PCNA的表达,结合临床病理资料进行统计分析。结果:60例结直肠癌中mP53阳性表达率65.0%,PCNA阳性表达率78.3%,20例正常肠粘膜中mP53、PCNA表达均为阴性(P<0.05)。mP53和PCNA阳性表达率在低分化组、浆膜层浸润组、淋巴结转移组均较高(P均<0.05)。mP53和PCNA表达呈正相关(r=0.58,P<0.05)。结论:mP53和PCNA在结直肠癌中表达均增高,二者与结直肠癌病理学分级、浸润深度和淋巴结转移有关,可作为判断结直肠癌预后的参考指标。     

细胞周期素A在血管瘤组织中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨细胞周期素A在血管瘤中的表达及与血管瘤发生、发展的关系。方法收集武汉大学人民医院病理科1996—2001年皮肤毛细血管瘤存档蜡块49例,所有标本常规HE染色和免疫组织化学SP法检测增殖细胞核抗原（proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA）,按Mulliken分类标准并结合PCNA的表达进行分组;然后采用免疫组织化学SP法和原位杂交检测49例皮肤毛细血管瘤增生期、退化期及正常皮肤组织中细胞周期素A的表达水平,并结合检测Ⅷ因子相关抗原的表达证实血管瘤组织中表达细胞周期素A的细胞的确是血管瘤内皮细胞,对免疫组织化学结果采用HPIAS-1000高清晰度彩色病理图文报告管理系统对细胞周期素A的表达进行定量分析。并用SPSS11．5软件对各组免疫组织化学反应阳性颗粒的平均光密度、阳性面积率做单因素方差分析和SNK（q）检验。结果增生期血管瘤内皮细胞中细胞周期素A高表达,退化期呈低表达。经q检验,增生期组与退化期组之间、增生期组与正常皮肤组之间,细胞周期素A的平均光密度及阳性面积率有显著性差异（P〈0．01）,退化期组与正常皮肤组之间平均光密度及阳性面积率的差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论细胞周期素A在增生期血管瘤组织中的过度表达使细胞周期紊乱,是增生期血管瘤内皮细胞不断分裂增生。     

PCNA、P27蛋白在老年胃癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的：探讨增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）和P27蛋白（P27）在老年胃癌中表达及其临床意义。方法：采用免疫组织化学SP法检测58例老年胃癌组织中PCNA、P27蛋白表达情况,分析它们与老年胃癌临床生物学行为的关系。结果：PCNA在老年胃癌组中的阳性表达率明显高于对照组的阳性表达率,P27在老年胃癌组中的阳性表达率明显低于对照组的阳性表达率。PCNA蛋白阳性表达与老年胃癌是否有浆膜浸润、组织分化程度、淋巴结转移以及TNM分期密切相关（P〈0.01）,而P27蛋白阳性表达与老年胃癌类型、是否有浆膜浸润、组织分化程度、淋巴结转移以及TNM分期密切相关（P〈0.01）。老年胃癌组织中PCNA、P27的表达呈负相关（r=-0.536,P〈0.05）。结论：P27表达下调、PCNA表达增强在老年胃癌的发生、发展过程中具有重要的作用,且两者具有相互作用。     

川芎嗪、丹参和地塞米松对大鼠肺气肿碱性成纤维细胞生长因子mRNA表达的影响

采用免疫细胞化学及原位杂交方法观察川芎嗪、丹参和地塞米松对木瓜蛋白酶所致大鼠肺气肿形成中肺组织碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (b FGF) m RNA表达和肺泡 型上皮细胞增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA )表达的影响。 Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照、肺气肿 7天、 15天、 30天、川芎嗪、丹参和地塞米松治疗组 ,共 7个组。用一次气管内注入木瓜蛋白酶复制大鼠肺气肿模型 ,取肺组织作 b FGF m RNA原位杂交 ,分离肺泡 型上皮细胞作 PCNA免疫组织化学染色 ,用图像分析定量。结果显示注药后第 7天大鼠肺组织 b FGF m RNA表达至高峰 ,第 15天后表达逐渐减少 ,川芎嗪、丹参和地塞米松治疗 30天组 b FGF m RNA表达减少 ,但仍高于正常对照组 (P<0 .0 1)。肺泡 型上皮细胞 PCNA表达与肺组织 b FGFm RNA表达呈正相关 (r=0 .78,P<0 .0 1)。川芎嗪治疗组 PCNA表达明显降低 ,但仍高于正常对照组。结果表明川芎嗪在肺气肿发病过程中有一定治疗作用     

Cyclin B1蛋白在血管瘤组织中的表达

目的　检测CyclinB1蛋白在皮肤血管瘤组织中的表达 ,探讨CyclinB1在血管瘤发生、发展中的作用及意义。方法　采用免疫组织化学S P法检测增生期血管瘤、退化期血管瘤及正常皮肤组织 (各 2 0例 )中CyclinB1蛋白的表达。结果　在增生期血管瘤、退化期血管瘤和正常皮肤组组织中 ,CyclinB1蛋白免疫组织化学阳性反应颗粒的平均光密度分别为 :0 14 6± 0 0 16 ,0 0 79± 0 0 18,0 0 6 8± 0 0 2 1;阳性面积率分别为 :0 5 38± 0 0 6 5 ,0 2 0 4± 0 0 79,0 176±0 0 5 4。增生期血管瘤与退化期血管瘤、正常皮肤组分别相比 ,CyclinB1蛋白阳性表达的平均光密度和阳性面积率均有极显著性差异 (P <0 0 0 1) ,退化期血管瘤与正常皮肤组之间 ,CyclinB1蛋白阳性表达的差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　Cy clinB1蛋白在血管瘤发生发展和毛细血管内皮细胞的异常过度增生中起着重要的作用。     

广东食管癌中Epstein-Barr病毒感染与细胞增殖p53的关系

目的 :研究食管癌中 EB病毒感染情况 ,探讨其与肿瘤细胞增殖及抑癌基因 p5 3的关系。方法 :应用聚合酶链反应技术 (PCR)检测食管癌中 EB病毒 DNA的感染。用免疫组化方法检测其中 p5 3的表达及肿瘤细胞增殖。结果 :2 4例食管癌中 ,EB病毒 DNA阳性率为 95 .8% (2 3/2 4)。 2 3例阳性病例中存在 p5 3蛋白积聚者为 16例 ,积聚率为 6 9.6 % (16 /2 3) ;1例 EB病毒 DNA阴性者 ,p5 3蛋白染色阴性。 p5 3蛋白积聚与增殖细胞核抗原的表达密切相关 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :广东食管癌中普遍存在 EB病毒的感染。有 EB病毒感染的病例 ,亦存在 p5 3蛋白积聚。 EB病毒可能与 p5 3的改变有关 ,从而导致细胞增殖。     

抗转移癌基因在乳腺癌中的表达及其与淋巴结转移和预后的关系

观察 nm2 3 在乳腺癌中的表达与淋巴结转移和预后的关系。方法 :应用免疫组化 L SAB法检测 15 2例乳腺癌 nm2 3、ER、 PR、 P5 3和 PCNA的表达水平 ,比较 nm2 3 的表达对淋巴结转移和预后的影响。结果 :(1)在淋巴结转移组 nm2 3表达例数 32例 (4 5 .7% ) ,无转移组表达 40例 (4 8.8% ) ,两者差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;(2 )在 PCNA高指数表达组 nm2 3 阳性 42例 (6 0 .9% ) ,低指数表达组 nm2 3阳性 30例 (36 .1% ) ,前者明显高于后者 (χ2 =9.2 39,P<0 .0 1) ,且 PCNA与nm2 3 两因素呈正相关关系 (γs=0 .30 4,P<0 .0 1) ;(3)临床病理多因素比例风险回归分析显示淋巴结转移是影响患者生存的主要因素 ,而 nm2 3 对患者生存期无影响。结论 :nm2 3在乳腺癌中的表达既不能预测淋巴结转移 ,也不能提示较长的生存期 ,可能与肿瘤细胞的活跃增生有关。     

HPV-16、EB病毒对细胞增殖的影响及与子宫颈癌发病的关系

目的 了解宫颈癌患者人乳头瘤病毒16（HPV 16）、EB病毒（EBV）感染情况,探讨HPV-16、EBV对细胞核增殖性抗原（PCNA）表达的影响及在子宫颈癌发病中的意义。方法 免疫组织化学SP法检测59例宫颈癌和20例非癌性子宫颈上皮细胞中HPV-16、EBV蛋白表达和PCNA表达的情况,并分析它们的表达与病理参数的关系。结果 子宫颈癌和非癌性子宫颈上皮细胞中HPV-16、EBV及PCNA的阳性表达率依次分别为69．49％、57．63％及77．97％和30％、25％及15％;子宫颈癌和非癌性子宫颈上皮细胞中HPV-16、EBV的共同阳性表达率分别为35．59％和0％,子宫颈癌中HPV-16、EBV及PCNA的阳性表达率均高于非癌性子宫颈上皮（P〈0．05）。病理Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级子宫颈癌中HPV-16、EBV、PCNA的阳性表达率分别为65．00％、55．00％、60．00％,69．57％、60．87％、82．61％和75．OO％、56．25％、93．75％。各级子宫颈癌间HPV-16、EBV的阳性表达率差异无显著性,但PCNA的表达率随病理分级的增加显著上升（P〈0．05）。不同期别子宫颈癌问HPV-16、EBV及PCNA的阳性表达率差异无显著性。HPV-16阳性与阴性组子宫颈上皮PCNA的阳性表达率分别为82．98％（39／47）与43．75％（14／32）,两者差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。EBV阳性及阴性组子宫颈上皮PCNA的阳性表达率分别为71．79％（28／39）及42．50％（17／40）,两者差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。HPV-16和EBV共同阳性表达的21例子宫颈癌PCNA阳性表达率均为100％。结论 HPV-16、EBV通过增加PCNA表达的促细胞增生作用可能是子宫颈癌的发生机制之一。     

食管鳞癌Cyclin D1与细胞增殖关系的研究及意义

目的　探讨食管鳞癌细胞中细胞周期素D1(CyclinD1)表达与细胞增殖的关系及意义。方法　应用免疫组织化学和流式细胞术检测 48例食管鳞癌组织中CyclinD1蛋白表达及DNA倍体、S期细胞比值、G2 /M期细胞比值。结果　 48例食管鳞癌中CyclinD1阳性表达率为 45 8%(2 2 / 48) ;DNA异倍体检出率为 5 0 %(2 4/ 48) ,CyclinD1阳性表达的标本中DNA异倍体的检出率为 6 8 2 %(15 / 2 2 ) ,显著高于CyclinD1阴性表达的标本 (33 3%,9/ 2 7,P <0 0 5 )。CyclinD1表达阳性的肿瘤中细胞周期G2 /M期的比值也明显高于CyclinD1表达阴性的肿瘤 (分别为 5 98± 4 87和 4 12± 2 70 ,P<0 0 5 )。结论　从观察结果推测CyclinD1的表达可以加速肿瘤细胞增殖。分析食管鳞癌CyclinD1、DNA倍体及不同时相的细胞增殖有助于帮助分析和判断病人的预后。     

皮肤血管瘤组织中WT-1、Bcl-2、P53的表达及意义

目的研究肾母细胞瘤基因（WT-1）、Bcl-2和P53在增生期、退化期血管瘤及正常组织中的表达,探讨其意义及相互关联。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测人皮肤血管瘤组织中WT1、Bcl-2和P53在增生期、退化期及正常皮肤组织中血管内皮细胞中的表达水平,利用计算机成像分析技术检测不同时期皮肤血管瘤与正常皮肤组织WT1、Bcl-2和P53的平均光密度及其阳性面积率。结果1.WT-1在退化期血管瘤中有较强表达,而在增生期血管瘤和正常皮肤组织中表达微弱或不表达（P〈0.05）。2.Bcl-2在增生期血管瘤的表达明显高于退化期血管瘤和正常皮肤组织（P〈0.01）;Bcl-2在退化期血管瘤的表达与正常皮肤组织相比,差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。3.p53基因在增生期血管瘤组织中表达水平高于退化期,差异有极显著性意义（P〈0.01）,退化期血管瘤p53基因表达水平与正常皮肤组织相比,差异无显著性意义（P〉0.05）。结论1.WT-1可能通过促进内皮细胞凋亡而抑制血管瘤的增生;2.Bcl-2可能是通过抑制内皮细胞的凋亡,使其增殖和凋亡失衡;3.P53可能促进了血管瘤增生期内皮细胞的增殖,使血管内皮细胞大量生成。     

异型增生上皮和口腔鳞癌组织EGFR和PCNA表达意义及相关性研究

采用免疫组化S－P法研究表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）、增殖核抗原（PCNA）在口腔粘膜上皮异型增生及口腔鳞癌组织中的表达意义及其相互关系。结果表明,EGFR及PCNA的正常口腔粘膜上皮为阴性或仅在上皮基底层有少量阳性表达。上皮异型增生时,随病变程度加重,阳性表达呈递增趋势（P＜0.01）,至重度异型增生时,PCNA表达与鳞癌无显性差异（P＞0.05）,EGFR表达甚至超过高分化鳞癌。口腔鳞癌组织随分化程度降低,阳性表达率相应增加（P＜0.01）。EGFR表达与PCNA表达有明显相关性（P＜0.01）。EGFR和PCNA可作为评估和监测口腔粘膜上皮恶变潜能,判断口腔鳞癌恶性度的有用标记物。     

乳腺癌中癌胚抗原（CEA）与p53、nm23—H1蛋白表达和部分病理指标的相关性研究

利用免疫组织化学方法检测了乳腺癌CEA与p53和nm23－H1蛋白的表达,对其相关性进行了研究,同时与其它病理指标亦进行了比较。结果：82 例乳腺癌中,CEA阳性67例（82％）,与p53蛋白的表达呈显的负相关（P＜0.05）,而与nm23-H1蛋白的表达则呈显的正相关（P＜0.05）;同时,CEA的表达与肿瘤的病理分级和体积显相关（P＜0.05）,即分级越高或肿瘤越大,CEA阳性表达率越低;而与患年龄、淋巴结转移和肿瘤坏死程度无关（P＞0.05）。综合分析推测：CEA可能是乳腺癌一种高分化肿瘤标志,并与肿瘤的浸润转移潜能有一定的关系,与其它指标联合应用在判断乳腺癌预后有一定的价值。     

Computer-assisted analysis of p53 and PCNA expression in oral lesions infected with human papillomavirus

OBJECTIVE: To carry out a retrospective study to determine whether human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and immunohistochemical expression of p53 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) are related to the risk of oral cancer. STUDY DESIGN: Fifty-seven oral biopsies, consisting of 30 oral squamous papillomas (OSPs) and 27 oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) were tested for the presence of HPV 6/11 and 16/18 by in situ hybridization using catalyzed signal amplification and in situ hybridization. p53 And PCNA expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and evaluated quantitatively by image analysis. RESULTS: Nineteen of the 57 oral lesions (33.3%) were positive for HPV. HPV 6/11 was found in 6 of 30 (20%) OSPs and 1 of 27 (3.7%) OSCCs. HPV 16/18 was found in 10 of 27 (37%) OSCCs and 2 of 30 (6.7%) OSPs. Sixteen of the 19 HPV-positive cases (84.2%) were p53 negative; 5 (9%) were HPV 6/11 and 11 (19%) HPV 16/18, with an inverse correlation between the presence of HPV DNA and p53 expression (P = .017, P < .05). PCNA expression appeared in 18 (94.7%) of HPV positive cases, showing that HPV 16/18 was associated with intensity of PCNA expression and with OSCCs (P = .037, P < .05). CONCLUSION: Quantitative evaluation of p53 by image analysis showed an inverse correlation between p53 expression and HPV presence, suggesting protein degradation. Image analysis also demonstrated that PCNA expression was more intense in HPV DNA 16/18 OSCCs. These findings suggest involvement of high-risk HPV types in oral carcinogenesis.     

肺活检材料的4种肿瘤标记物表达及与肺癌预后的关系

应用增殖细胞核抗原 （ＰＣＮＡ）、ｒａｓ－ Ｐ２１、Ｐ５３ 单克隆抗体和ＣｅｒｂＢ２ 多克隆抗体, 对７１ 例肺癌的纤支镜活检标本和１０ 例正常肺组织进行免疫组织化学染色研究。结果发现： １０ 例正常肺组织均为阴性表达。７１ 例肺癌中, 上述４ 种抗体的阳性表达率分别为： ７０４２％ 、８０２８％ 、５６３４％ 和８１６９％ 。除ＣｅｒｂＢ２ 与肺癌分型相关外, 均与肺癌分型、分化及ＴＮＭ 分期无关。但与预后均呈负相关。结果表明： 上述４ 种抗体是有效的、可作为判断肺癌预后的肿瘤标记物     

Morphological and molecular aspects of cancerogenesis in the lung

Morphology and some molecular aspects of hyperplastic (bronchial basal cell hyperplasia and alveolar cell hyperplasia), metaplastic (squamous metaplasia), preneoplastic and early neoplastic (dysplasia in squamous metaplasia, cancer in situ and atypical alveolar cell hyperplasia) changes were studied in 180 lungs resected due to non-small cell lung cancer: 106 cases (58.9%) of squamous cell carcinoma, 42 (23.3%) of adenocarcinoma and 32 (17.8%) of large cell carcinoma. P53 protein and PCNA expressions were detected immunohistochemically (using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections). DNA extracted from the microdissected P53-positive cells was analysed for point mutations in the P53 gene. No P53 immunostaining was observed in normal mucosa, hyperplasia of basal cells, squamous metaplasia without and with minor and moderate dysplasia of bronchial mucosa as well as alveolar cell hyperplasia. Overexpression of P53 protein occurred in 3 out of 12 (25%) cases of severe bronchial dysplasia, 5 out of 11 (45.5%) cases of intraepithelial carcinoma and 6 out of 45 (13.3%) cases of alveolar cell hyperplasia. Using direct sequencing, mutations in the P53 gene were detected in 11 out of 14 (87%) P53-immunopositive samples, including all severe dysplasias, all carcinomas in situ and 3 of 6 alveolar cell hyperplasias. A significant association was observed between PCNA expression and preinvasive as well as invasive lesions. The data clearly show that lung resected due to primary cancer ought to be treated as "field cancerization" in which one can find early morphologic events of multi-step cancerogenesis. P53 protein alterations and P53 gene mutations can occur before invasion and its frequency depends on the degree of dysplasia.     

Expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins in epithelial components of dental follicles

Dental follicle is a component of tooth germs, which remain adjacent to the crown of unerupted or impacted teeth. Under the influence of pathologic changes, however, dental follicles that possess reduced epithelium can proliferate into stratified squamous epithelium as far as originate dental cysts. In order to clarify the role of apoptosis and cellular proliferation herein, expression of p53 and PCNA was examined in epithelial components of dental follicles associated with impacted third molars by means of immunohistochemistry. A total of 40 cases was included in this study being 22 cases with reduced epithelium and 18 cases with stratified epithelium. Expression of p53 expression was weak or not detected in dental follicles with reduced and stratified squamous epithelium. By contrast, PCNA positive cells were evidenced in basal and supra basal layers of the stratified squamous epithelium and in reduced epithelium of dental follicles, but without any significant statistically differences between them (P > 0.05). In conclusion, these data suggest that dental follicles possess proliferative activity as depicted by PCNA-positive nuclei in some epithelial cells. However, the biological behavior of dental follicles during the late stage of dental eruptive process may not be associated with deregulation of death and/or cell proliferation.     

Expression of proliferation associated antigens in the cell cycle of synchronized mammalian cells.

Flow cytometric bivariate analysis was used to investigate the expression of PCNA, p120 and p145 during the cell cycle of a mammalian cell line (CHO-K1). Initially, aliquots of cells in exponential and plateau (G0) phase were analyzed for proliferation associated antigen expression. Expression of PCNA and p145 during G0 was markedly depressed (less than 12% positive) while 54% of the G0 cells stained positive for p120. The fluorescent intensity (mean channel fluorescence) of these G0 positive p120 cells, however, was only slightly above the mean channel fluorescence (MCF) of cells stained with a negative isotype control. In asynchronous cultures, all three antigens were expressed in greater than 70% of the cells, with PCNA staining being greater than 95%. Cells were then synchronized using mitotic selection (mitotic index of 97%) and antigen levels were measured as cells progressed synchronously through the cell cycle. From DNA analysis histograms, it appeared that the degree of synchrony was approximately 90% throughout the remainder of the cell cycle. The bivariate DNA/PCNA, DNA/p120, and DNA/p145 histograms for mitotic cells indicated that both p120 and p145 expression were elevated (percent positive and MCF) while PCNA levels were near controls (MCF). In early G1, all three markers were depressed (less than 12% positive); however PCNA levels rose precipitously in mid-G1 (greater than 50% positive). In late G1 to early S, p145 levels increased concomitantly with increases in p120. All three antigens were elevated throughout S phase and began to decline as cells moved from G2/M to G1 of the next cell cycle with p145 expression decreasing first. This report indicates that all three proliferation associated antigens studied are differentially expressed in the cell cycle and therefore may be useful in detecting and assessing the proliferation state.