生物素化FOXM1真核表达体系的构建及鉴定

建立基于生物素AP-tag标签的FOXM1真核表达载体,利用生物素与链霉亲和素的高特异性、高亲和力的结合性质对FOXM1蛋白进行纯化,为后续鉴定其互作分子的研究奠定基础。分别构建真核表达载体pc DNA3.1-AP-FOXM1和大肠杆菌生物素连接酶Bir A真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-Bir A,将pcDNA3.1-AP-FOXM1和pcDNA3.1-BirA共转染人胚肾293T(HEK293T)细胞,用银染及Western印迹检测细胞裂解液,确定相关蛋白表达;用链霉亲和素琼脂糖珠纯化生物素标记的FOXM1,并考察FOXM1的互作蛋白是否可以同时被洗脱下来。研究发现构建的生物素标签真核表达体系能有效表达生物素化的目标蛋白FOXM1;该蛋白在Western印迹、pull-down等实验中可实现无需抗体的一步法应用;该体系可用于FOXM1互作蛋白的鉴定和功能分析。结果表明建立了基于生物素AP-tag标签的FOXM1真核表达体系,为FOXM1互作蛋白与功能的深入研究奠定了技术基础。     

抗癌胚抗原单链抗体基因与核心链霉亲和素基因融合在昆虫细胞中的表达

将抗癌胚抗原单链抗体基因与核心链霉亲和素基因融合插入昆虫杆状病毒供体质粒 pFastBacHTa中 ,在粉纹夜蛾Tn 5B1 4细胞中进行表达。SDS PAGE分析结果表明 ,表达产物分子量为 4 1kD左右 ,Western印迹分析结果表明 ,以HRP标记的生物素进行蛋白质印迹在 4 1kD处可见表达条带 ,表明融合蛋白能特异性的与生物素结合 ,放射免疫分析表明重组杆状病毒表达产生的ScFv CS蛋白能特异性结合癌胚抗原     

利用原核表达系统一步法制备生物素标记蛋白质

传统的蛋白质生物素标记多采用体外化学修饰法,涉及生物素和蛋白质的活化、透析和纯化等多种处理,该方法步骤繁琐,且对目的蛋白的损失较大。本实验利用原核共表达质粒pCDFDuet-1,将含有6个组氨酸标签的人己糖苷酶D(hexosaminidase D,HexD)的cDNA与生物素受体多肽(biotin acceptor peptide,BAP)DNA进行PCR拼接,连入pCDFDuet-1的多克隆位点1(multiple cloning site1,MCS1);将以大肠杆菌Trans5α基因组为模板克隆得到的生物素连接酶(biotin ligase,BirA)基因连入MCS2,构建重组质粒pCDFDuet-hexD-BAP-birA。初步验证后将该质粒转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)pLysS中,利用0.1 mmol/L的IPTG和80μmol/L的生物素进行诱导表达,采用Ni-NTA亲和层析和超滤对HexD进行纯化,SDS-PAGE检测分子量的大小(60 kDa)和纯度(90%以上)。以anti-HexD和链霉亲和素-HRP为抗体,Western blot检测发现,HexD-BAP表达正确,且被生物素标记;同时以4-MU-O-GalNAc为荧光底物,检测到生物素化标记HexD的糖苷酶活性为3.6 nmol/(min·μg),与未标记HexD的活性(3.06 nmol/(min·μg))相当。结果表明,可以利用BirA及其受体多肽,通过共表达质粒pCDFDuet-1,一步转化、表达和纯化,在大肠杆菌中进行外源蛋白的表达和生物素标记,且不改变目的蛋白的生物活性,可应用于免疫标记、互作蛋白的捕获等生物学研究。     

一种新型的抗原检测系统——免疫-PCR

一种新的抗原检测系统(技术)——免疫-PCR,最近由Takeshi Sano等发明。该系统以特定DNA分子作为标记物,利用链霉亲和素与蛋白A的交链物既能与生物素又能与抗体结合的双重特性,将抗原抗体复合物和生物素化DNA连接起来,形成特定的抗原抗体复合物-链霉亲和素蛋白A交链物-生物素化DNA结合物。     

链霉亲和素及其亲和系统的蛋白质进化

链霉亲和素/生物素（Streptavidin/Biotin）体系作为目前已知的最高亲和力作用体系,已在生物学研究中获得广泛应用。本文针对Streptavidin/Biotin和Strep-Tactin/Strep-tag两个相关系统的演化,分别从链霉亲和素蛋白的结构改造、亲和肽标签优化等方面进行了较为详细的归纳。通过对链霉亲和素蛋白各种突变体的优缺点的比较,有助于实际应用中选择合适的Streptavidin突变体。本文通过对链霉亲和素蛋白质进化的综述,可帮助更准确地理解市场上各种链霉亲和素蛋白的功能和用途,并为深入研究链霉亲和素蛋白的进化提供参考。     

一种基于三顺反子表达载体的生物素诱导表达系统的建立

目的：建立一种以无毒的生物素为诱导剂的哺乳动物细胞诱导表达系统。方法：通过基因组PCR或重叠延伸PCR获得该系统的三个基本构件：大肠杆菌生物素连接酶（BirA）、链亲和素-四环素依赖的抑制因子融合蛋白（SA-TetR）和生物素化信号-VP16转录激活结构域融合蛋白（Avitag-VP16）。将上述基因连入三顺反子表达载体,与响应载体一起共转染293f细胞,以EGFP为报告基因,检测EGFP荧光强度随培养体系中生物素浓度变化的情况。结果：随着生物素浓度的增加,目的基因表达出现OFF-ON-OFF的变化,诱导状态下的EGFP荧光强度约为抑制状态下的3倍。结论：可通过调节生物素浓度对目的基因的表达进行可逆的调节,该系统是一种有应用前景的诱导表达系统。     

一种基于三顺反子表达载体的生物素诱导表达系统的建立

目的:建立一种以无毒的生物素为诱导剂的哺乳动物细胞诱导表达系统。方法:通过基因组PCR或重叠延伸PCR获得该系统的三个基本构件:大肠杆菌生物素连接酶(BirA)、链亲和素-四环素依赖的抑制因子融合蛋白(SA-TetR)和生物素化信号-VP16转录激活结构域融合蛋白(Avitag-VP16)。将上述基因连入三顺反子表达载体,与响应载体一起共转染293f细胞,以EGFP为报告基因,检测EGFP荧光强度随培养体系中生物素浓度变化的情况。结果:随着生物素浓度的增加,目的基因表达出现OFF-ON-OFF的变化,诱导状态下的EGFP荧光强度约为抑制状态下的3倍。结论:可通过调节生物素浓度对目的基因的表达进行可逆的调节,该系统是一种有应用前景的诱导表达系统。     

带Myc标签的人B55α真核表达载体的构建及其生物学功能

目的:构建带有Myc标签的人B55α真核表达载体,获得Myc-B55α融合蛋白,并初步检测其生物学功能。方法:以本实验室保存的乳腺文库为模板,采用PCR技术扩增出B55α编码序列,将其插入p XJ-40-myc载体,Western印迹检测其表达情况;将重组质粒与空载体分别转染人胚肾293T细胞,通过Western印迹检测B55α蛋白表达水平及其对AKT磷酸化的影响;免疫共沉淀实验检测B55α与AKT是否存在相互作用。结果:双酶切和测序结果表明Myc-B55α真核表达质粒构建成功;Western印迹证实转染293T细胞后Myc-B55α融合蛋白获得表达,并可抑制AKT308的磷酸化;免疫共沉淀结果表明B55α与AKT存在相互作用。结论:构建了带Myc标签的人B55α真核表达载体,为进一步研究B55α在蛋白磷酸化修饰功能中的作用奠定了基础。     

人p65真核表达载体的构建及鉴定

目的:构建带Myc标签的人p65真核表达载体,对其在人宫颈癌He La细胞中的定位进行检测,并研究p65对核因子κB(NF-κB)转录活性的影响。方法:构建带Myc标签的p65真核表达载体pc DNA3.1-Myc-p65,质粒测序验证正确后脂质体法瞬时转染人胚肾HEK293T细胞,Western印迹鉴定p65的表达;细胞免疫荧光实验检测p65的亚细胞定位;重组质粒与NF-κB-Luc报告基因质粒共转染HEK293T细胞,加TNFα刺激后检测萤光素酶报告基因的活性。结果:测序结果证实pc DNA3.1-Myc-p65真核表达载体构建成功;脂质体法转染HEK293T细胞后检测到Myc-p65蛋白的表达;细胞免疫荧光实验显示Myc-p65蛋白定位于He La细胞的细胞质中,当加入TNFα刺激后大部分Myc-p65蛋白进入细胞核;萤光素酶活性检测结果显示,提高细胞内p65水平或加入TNFα刺激均可明显激活NF-κB信号通路的活性。结论:构建了带Myc标签的p65真核表达载体,并使其在HEK293T细胞中表达;正常情况下,Myc-p65蛋白定位于宫颈癌He La细胞的细胞质中,TNFα促进Myc-p65入核;Myc-p65能够以TNFα不依赖的方式激活NF-κB信号通路。pc DNA3.1-Myc-p65真核表达载体的构建,为进一步筛选NF-κB的相互作用蛋白及功能研究奠定了基础。     

带绿色荧光蛋白标签的人细胞分裂周期蛋白25同源蛋白的真核表达及其生物学功能研究

目的:构建带增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)标签的人细胞分裂周期蛋白25同源蛋白C(cdc25c)基因的真核表达载体pEGFP-cdc25c,并检测其在人胚肾293T细胞中的表达定位情况及生物学功能。方法:采用PCR技术从实验室已有质粒中扩增人cdc25c基因,并将其克隆到pEGFP-C1载体中;将重组质粒转染人胚肾293T细胞,Western印迹检测转染细胞的表达情况,荧光显微镜观察cdc25c蛋白在细胞中的定位,并利用cdc2 Tyr15位特异性抗体验证EGFP-cdc25c作为磷酸酯酶的生物学功能。结果:双酶切和测序鉴定表明,pEGFP-cdc25c真核表达质粒构建成功;转染293T细胞后获得表达,在荧光显微镜下,表达阳性的细胞呈绿色,并定位于细胞质;Western印迹结果表明,EGFP-cdc25c能增加cdc2 Tyr15位的磷酸化水平,起到拮抗内源性cdc25c的功能。结论:构建了带EGFP标签的人cdc25c基因真核表达载体,该载体能够在哺乳动物细胞293T中表达,表达产物定位于细胞质;EGFP-cdc25c能够发挥显性负性作用,为深入研究cdc25c的生物学功能奠定了重要基础。     

表达增强型绿色荧光蛋白标记的hBax 和hHGF 双基因的慢病毒 载体构建

目的:构建绿色荧光蛋白标记的hBax和hHGF双基因共表达的重组慢病毒并鉴定。方法:通过重叠PCR技术构建attB1-K-hBAX/T2A/eGFP/P2A/hHGF-attB2基因片段,利用gateway technology构建慢病毒载体质粒pLV.EX2d.null-EF1A>hBAX/T2A/eGFP/P2A/hHGF和阴性对照质粒pLV.EX2d.null-EF1A>eGFP并测序,上述两种质粒分别与辅助质粒共转染293FT细胞包装病毒,荧光显微镜检测病毒滴度。结果:经鉴定慢病毒载体质粒构建正确,荧光显微镜检测hBax和hHGF共表达慢病毒滴度为7.8×107TU/mL,仅表达绿色荧光蛋白的阴性病毒滴度为9×107TU/mL。结论:表达增强型绿色荧光蛋白标记的hBax和hHGF双基因的慢病毒构建成功并获得高滴度的病毒感染液。     

Leukotriene C4 synthase promoter driven expression of GFP reveals cell specificity

Leukotriene C₄ synthase is a key enzyme in leukotriene biosynthesis. Its gene has been cloned and mapped to mouse chromosome 11. Expression occurs in cells of myeloid origin and also in the choroid plexus, the hypothalamus and the medial eminence of mouse brain. In this study a vector that expresses enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) under the control of the mouse leukotriene C₄ synthase promoter was constructed and used to study promoter activity in different cell lines. Specific eGFP expression was observed in human monocytic leukemia (THP-1) and rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-1) myeloid cells which both express leukotriene C₄ synthase, but not in human embryonic kidney (HEK293/T) epithelial cells which do not express this enzyme. In the myeloid cells, but not in the epithelial cells, we observed that the leukotriene C₄ synthase promoter activity was stimulated by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and all-trans-retinoic acid. In contrast dimethyl sulfoxide did not affect promoter activity.     

Specific marking of hESCs-derived hematopoietic lineage by WAS-promoter driven lentiviral vectors

Genetic manipulation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is instrumental for tracing lineage commitment and to studying human development. Here we used hematopoietic-specific Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome gene (WAS)-promoter driven lentiviral vectors (LVs) to achieve highly specific gene expression in hESCs-derived hematopoietic cells. We first demonstrated that endogenous WAS gene was not expressed in undifferentiated hESCs but was evident in hemogenic progenitors (CD45(-)CD31(+)CD34(+)) and hematopoietic cells (CD45(+)). Accordingly, WAS-promoter driven LVs were unable to express the eGFP transgene in undifferentiated hESCs. eGFP(+) cells only appeared after embryoid body (EB) hematopoietic differentiation. The phenotypic analysis of the eGFP(+) cells showed marking of different subpopulations at different days of differentiation. At days 10-15, AWE LVs tag hemogenic and hematopoietic progenitors cells (CD45(-)CD31(+)CD34(dim) and CD45(+)CD31(+)CD34(dim)) emerging from hESCs and at day 22 its expression became restricted to mature hematopoietic cells (CD45(+)CD33(+)). Surprisingly, at day 10 of differentiation, the AWE vector also marked CD45(-)CD31(low/-)CD34(-) cells, a population that disappeared at later stages of differentiation. We showed that the eGFP(+)CD45(-)CD31(+) population generate 5 times more CD45(+) cells than the eGFP(-)CD45(-)CD31(+) indicating that the AWE vector was identifying a subpopulation inside the CD45(-)CD31(+) cells with higher hemogenic capacity. We also showed generation of CD45(+) cells from the eGFP(+)CD45(-)CD31(low/-)CD34(-) population but not from the eGFP(-)CD45(-)CD31(low/-)CD34(-) cells. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of a gene transfer vector which specifically labels hemogenic progenitors and hematopoietic cells emerging from hESCs. We propose the use of WAS-promoter driven LVs as a novel tool to studying human hematopoietic development.     

Establishment of a pig fibroblast-derived cell line for locus-directed transgene expression in cell cultures and blastocysts

We report the establishment of a spontaneously immortalized pig cell line designated Pig Flip-in Visualize (PFV) for locus-directed transgene expression in pig cells and blastocysts. The PFV cell line was isolated from pig ear fibroblasts transfected with a Sleeping Beauty DNA transposon-based docking vector harbouring a selection gene, an eGFP reporter gene, and an Flp recombinase site for locus-directed gene insertion. PFV cells have insertion of a single docking vector with stable eGFP expression and generated phenotypic normal blastocysts with transgene expression after somatic cell nuclear transfer. PFV cells supported Flp mediated cassette exchange for transgene substitution of eGFP with dsRED, and the dsRED transgenic PFV cells generated blastocysts with transgene expression. Hence, the PFV cell line constitutes a valuable pig equivalent to transformed cell lines from other mammalian species suitable for locus-directed transgene expression in cell cultures and, in addition, for transgene analyses in the very early embryonic stages.     

NKX2-5(eGFP/w) hESCs for isolation of human cardiac progenitors and cardiomyocytes

NKX2-5 is expressed in the heart throughout life. We targeted eGFP sequences to the NKX2-5 locus of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs); NKX2-5(eGFP/w) hESCs facilitate quantification of cardiac differentiation, purification of hESC-derived committed cardiac progenitor cells (hESC-CPCs) and cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) and the standardization of differentiation protocols. We used NKX2-5 eGFP(+) cells to identify VCAM1 and SIRPA as cell-surface markers expressed in cardiac lineages.     

人HCN2 真核表达载体的构建及在HEK293 细胞中的表达

目的:构建含有人HCN2基因的真核表达载体,并观察在人胚胎肾细胞(HEK293)中的表达情况。方法:对人HCN2基因全序列进行分析,进行oligo设计,通过PCR,扩增HCN2全长cDNA,通过双酶切(XhoI和BamHI)装入真核表达载体pIRES2-EGFP中,脂质体法转染入HEK293细胞中,利用真核表达载体中带有绿色荧光蛋白GFP报告基因,对转染效率进行监测,采用反转录-聚合酶链反应检测HCN2 mRNA表达,全细胞膜片钳技术检测HCN2通道电流。结果:测序及酶切结果表明HCN2基因正确,荧光显微镜下,转染细胞观察到绿色荧光,反转录-聚合酶链反应检测到HCN2 mRNA表达,膜片钳检测到hHCN2基因编码的通道电流。结论:成功地构建了HCN2真核表达载体并进行了起搏通道HCN2基因的异源性表达。     

Baculovirus-mediated Expression of p35 Confers Resistance to Apoptosis in Human Embryo Kidney 293 cells

Baculovirus has many advantages as vectors for gene transfer.We demonstrated that recombinant baculovirus vectors expressing p35(Ac-CMV-p35) and eGFP(Ac-CMV-GFP) could be transduced into human kidney 293 cells efficiently.The level of transgene expression was viral dose dependent and high-level expression of the target gene could be achieved under the heterogonous promoter.MTT assay suggested that both Ac-CMV-p35 and Ac-CMV-GFP did not have cytotoxic effect on human embryo kidney 293 cells.Cell growth curve showed the Ac-CMV-p35 and Ac-CMV-GFP transduced and non-transduced cells had similar proliferation rate,so baculovirus-mediated p35 expression had no adverse effect on cell proliferation.In addition,baculovirus-mediated p35 gene expression protected human embryo kidney 293 cells against apoptosis induced by various apoptosis inducers such as Actinomycin D,UV or serum-free media.These results suggested that the baculovirus vector mediated p35 gene expression was functional and it could be widely used in molecular research and even gene therapy.     

Efficient method for expressing transgenes in nonhuman primate embryos using a stable episomal vector

Transgenesis in the nonhuman primate can enhance the study of human biology by providing animal models for the study of primate-specific physiology, pathophysiology, and embryonic development. Progress with this technology has been hindered by the inherent inefficiency of transgenesis, transgene silencing, and practical restrictions on the production of sufficient pronuclear stage nonhuman primate zygotes. We have developed a novel technique using an Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-based episomal vector to produce rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) embryos expressing a transgene. Plasmid DNA containing the latent origin of replication, oriP, and Epstein Barr Nuclear Antigen-1 (EBNA-1) of EBV, as well as a CMV IE-enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) expression cassette, was introduced into rhesus embryos by direct pronuclear microinjection. We detected eGFP in early cleavage stage embryos (4-8 cell) and throughout the duration of culture (day 8-9 blastocysts) by epifluorescent microscopy. A 50% transduction rate was obtained with the EBV-based vector. Microinjected embryos expressed eGFP and retained their developmental capacity as evidenced by development to the blastocyst stage. EBV-based vectors present a novel and efficient means of delivering transgenes for the study of the molecular control of primate embryonic development.     

Baculovirus-mediated expression of p35 confers resistance to apoptosis in human embryo kidney 293 cells

Baculovirus has many advantages as vectors for gene transfer. We demonstrated that recombinant baculovirus vectors expressing p35 (Ac-CMV-p35) and eGFP (Ac-CMV-GFP) could be transduced into human kidney 293 cells efficiently. The level of transgene expression was viral dose dependent and high-level expression of the target gene could be achieved under the heterogonous promoter. MTT assay suggested that both Ac-CMV-p35 and Ac-CMV-GFP did not have cytotoxic effect on human embryo kidney 293 cells. Cell growth curve showed the Ac-CMV-p35 and Ac-CMV-GFP transduced and non-transduced cells had similar proliferation rate, so baculovirus-mediated p35 expression had no adverse effect on cell proliferation. In addition, baculovirus-mediated p35 gene expression protected human embryo kidney 293 cells against apoptosis induced by various apoptosis inducers such as Actinomycin D, UV or serum-free media. These results suggested that the baculovirus vector mediated p35 gene expression was functional and it could be widely used in molecular research and even gene therapy. Foundation items: National Nature Science Foundations of China (30325002, 30670077) and Innovative Foundations Wuhan Institute of Virology, CAS (020208)     

Evaluating the potential for undesired genomic effects of the piggyBac transposon system in human cells

Non-viral transposons have been used successfully for genetic modification of clinically relevant cells including embryonic stem, induced pluripotent stem, hematopoietic stem and primary human T cell types. However, there has been limited evaluation of undesired genomic effects when using transposons for human genome modification. The prevalence of piggyBac(PB)-like terminal repeat (TR) elements in the human genome raises concerns. We evaluated if there were undesired genomic effects of the PB transposon system to modify human cells. Expression of the transposase alone revealed no mobilization of endogenous PB-like sequences in the human genome and no increase in DNA double-strand breaks. The use of PB in a plasmid containing both transposase and transposon greatly increased the probability of transposase integration; however, using transposon and transposase from separate vectors circumvented this. Placing a eGFP transgene within transposon vector backbone allowed isolation of cells free from vector backbone DNA. We confirmed observable directional promoter activity within the 5′TR element of PB but found no significant enhancer effects from the transposon DNA sequence. Long-term culture of primary human cells modified with eGFP-transposons revealed no selective growth advantage of transposon-harboring cells. PB represents a promising vector system for genetic modification of human cells with limited undesired genomic effects.