干姜超临界CO2萃取与水蒸气蒸馏工艺比较研究

目的：比较干姜的超临界CO2萃取与水蒸气蒸馏两种工艺的差别,为其在复方制剂中的应用提供工艺设计参考。方法：分别用超临界CO2萃取和水蒸气蒸馏处理干姜药材,采用GC、TLC对产物进行分析比较。结果：超临界CO2萃取产物得率为8．0％,水蒸气蒸馏得率为0．2％,GC、TLC显示超临界CO2萃取物比水蒸气蒸馏样品有较多的成分。结论：干姜的超临界CO2萃取工艺较水蒸汽蒸馏工艺的产物量高,成分较多。     

肾叶天胡荽精油的超临界CO2萃取、成分分析及杀虫活性初探

采用正交实验设计,对肾叶天胡荽（Hydrocotyle wigordi Maxim．）精油超临界CO2萃取条件进行了优化,并用GC—MS分析技术对精油的化学成分进行了鉴定,初步探讨了肾叶天胡荽精油对小菜蛾2龄幼虫的触杀活性。结果表明,肾叶天胡荽精油超临界CO2萃取的最佳条件为萃取压力35MPa、萃取温度50℃、解析压力5MPa、解析温度40℃、萃取时间75min、CO2流量34—36L·h^-1,精油得率最高可达5．32％。从精油中共鉴定出19种成分,总相对含量达到89．266％,主要成分为邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（64．302％）。用超临界CO2萃取技术提取的肾叶天胡荽精油对小菜蛾2龄幼虫有一定的触杀作用,20g·L^-1精油对小菜蛾2龄幼虫的24h校正死亡率高达90．00％。     

微孔草籽油的超临界CO2流体萃取及HPLC—MS分析

利用超临界CO2萃取微孔草籽油,并对籽油进行了HPLC／MS分析。实验确定的最佳超临界CO2流体萃取条件是：萃取温度45℃,萃取压力20MPa,CO2流量为35-40kg／h,萃取时间120min,在此条件下白刺籽油的萃取率为16．12％。利用HPLC／MS对微孔草籽油分析,发现其不饱和脂肪酸的相对含量高达73．19％。比较了超临界CO2萃取微孔草籽油油样和石油醚萃取微孔草籽油油样的理化性质,发现超临界CO2流体萃取的籽油质量优于传统溶剂萃取的籽油。     

铜胁迫对穿心莲幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

通过对盆栽穿心莲(Andrographis paniculata)幼苗浇灌Cu SO4溶液实验,研究外施Cu2+对穿心莲幼苗的生理特性和药效成分含量的影响。结果显示,外施Cu2+对穿心莲幼苗的生长、生理生化指标和穿心莲内酯、脱水穿心莲内酯的含量均有显著影响。当Cu SO4溶液浓度超过6.25 mmol/L时,Cu2+能显著抑制穿心莲幼苗株高、叶长、叶宽的增长,且随胁迫时间的延长和Cu2+浓度的增大抑制作用增强;穿心莲叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量均随Cu2+浓度增大和胁迫时间的延长而升高,当Cu SO4溶液浓度达到12.5 mmol/L且胁迫20 d和30 d时,叶片中SOD活性达到对照组的168.3%和171.18%;过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性则随Cu2+浓度的增大呈先升高后下降的趋势;当外施Cu SO4溶液浓度大于1.25 mmol/L时,与对照相比,穿心莲药效成分穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯的含量均显著降低(P0.05)。研究结果表明,外施Cu SO4溶液浓度高于6.25 mmol/L时,能显著影响穿心莲幼苗的生理特性和有效成分含量,从而降低穿心莲药材的产量和质量。     

超临界CO2萃取百合花挥发油的工艺研究

本文介绍了超临界CO2萃取百合花中挥发油的提取分离工艺,重点研究了超临界CO2萃取压力、温度、时间对出油率的影响。正交试验结果表明：影响超临界CO2萃取的主要因素为C3〉A2〉B2（A为萃取压力,B为萃取温度,C为萃取时间）;最佳工艺参数：SC-CO2萃取压力为18MPa,温度为50℃,时间为90min,流量为25L／min,所得百合花挥发油的出油率高达2．92％。     

超临界CO2萃取鱼腥草的挥发油成分

从萃取的压力、温度、流量和时间等条件探讨超临界CO2萃取对鱼腥草(Houttuynia cordata Thunb.)挥发油萃取率的影响,确定最佳萃取条件为萃取压力20mPa、温度35℃、CO2流量40kg/h和萃取时间80min,鱼腥草挥发油得率为1．76％。而水蒸气蒸馏提取和石油醚提取的得率分别为0．05％和0．08％。超临界CO2法萃取的鱼腥草挥发油收率高,萃取时间短。     

竹荪孢子超临界萃取物GC-MS分析及抗氧化活性研究

研究棘托竹荪孢子粉超临界萃取物的抗氧化活性。采用超临界CO2萃取破壁棘托竹荪孢子粉,正交试验优化萃取温度、压力、CO2流速、萃取时间;气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)分析萃取物成分组成;通过检测萃取物清除DPPH自由基及ABTS+·能力考察其抗氧化活性。结果表明:萃取时间80 min、萃取温度45℃、萃取压力35 MPa、CO2流量25 L/h条件下,萃取得率达6.74%。GC-MS分析发现,从萃取物中共鉴定出40种成分,其中酸类物质13种、酯类10种、烃类7种、醇类4种、醛类3种、酮类2种、其他1种。其中相对含量最高的为芹子酸(23.23%),其次为亚油酸(19.98%)、二十烯(9.68%)、正十六酸(7.47%)及十九烯(7.12%)。萃取物具有较强的DPPH自由基和ABTS+·清除活性,其质量浓度10 mg/m L时,对DPPH自由基的清除率达86.41%,对ABTS+·清除能力为0.67 mmol Trolox/g。     

均匀设计法优选芝麻油提取新工艺

本文通过超临界CO2提取芝麻油的均匀设计实验和微波和超声波诱导提取芝麻油的正交实验比较,考察影响提取的主要因素,寻求最佳萃取工艺。超临界CO2萃取最佳工艺条件为：压力32MPa,温度60℃,CO2流量31kg／h,萃取时问80min,得率46．39％;微波萃取最佳工艺条件为：溶剂为丙酮,物料与溶剂比例1：7,辐射时间7min,辐射功率810W,得率23．01％。超声波萃取最佳工艺条件为：物料与溶剂比例1：7,溶剂为石油醚,浸泡时间30h,得率23．99％。结果表明超临界CO2萃取芝麻油品质最好,而且萃取也最高,质量最稳定。     

艾叶超临界CO2萃取物的抑菌活性研究

本文研究了艾叶超临界CO2萃取物的抑菌活性。结果表明:艾叶超临界CO2萃取物对细菌、酵母、霉菌都有一定的抑菌作用,在酸性环境和碱性环境较为显著,对大多数细菌、酵母、霉菌的MIC不超过0.78 g/L。高温长时间处理对萃取物抑菌活性影响较大,但高温瞬时或低温处理对萃取物抑菌活性影响不大。     

穿心莲内酯类成分积累与生物合成的调控研究进展

穿心莲是我国重要的南药之一,其主要活性成分穿心莲内酯类成分具有清热解毒、抗菌消炎等功效,在抗HIV病毒、抗血栓、保肝等方面具有显著效果。由于其人工合成困难,通过栽培调控或育种方法增强穿心莲体内内酯类成分的生物合成对提升穿心莲药材质量具有重要意义。为给相关研究提供参考,该文综述了穿心莲内酯类成分积累与植物发育的关系,栽培措施和环境因子对穿心莲内酯类成分积累的影响,以及近十年来国内外在穿心莲内酯类成分的生物合成及其分子调控机制等方面取得的研究进展,并提出了未来在以增强穿心莲内酯类成分生物合成和提高穿心莲内酯类成分积累为目标的研究中需重点关注的3个方面:(1)深入解析穿心莲内酯的生物合成通路及关键基因的功能,从分子水平上阐明穿心莲内酯类成分积累的机制;(2)结合分子生物学方法和作物栽培学理论深入研究穿心莲生长发育与产量和质量形成的规律及相互关系;(3)揭示穿心莲内酯生物合成的信号调控网络。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of hydrazone derivatives of 4-[3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid and 4-[3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid

Microbial resistance to antibiotics is an unresolved global concern, which needs urgent and coordinated action. One of the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) to combat antibiotic resistance is the development of new antibiotics to treat drug-resistant bacteria. In our effort to find new antibiotics, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial studies of 30 new pyrazole derivatives. These novel molecules have been synthesized by using readily available starting materials and benign reaction conditions. Some of these molecules have shown activity with MIC values as low as 0.78?µg/mL against four bacterial strains; Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Furthermore, active molecules are non-toxic to mammalian cell line.

     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Novel compounds with potent CDK9 inhibitory activity for the treatment of myeloma

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) play key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. The aim of our study was originally the further development of our recently discovered polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors. A series of new 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized around the original hit, but their PLK1 inhibitory activity was very poor. However the novel compounds showed nanomolar CDK9 inhibitory activity and very good antiproliferative effect on multiple myeloma cell lines (RPMI-8226).