中国一新记录属--斯氏格孢属

斯氏格孢属 中国新记录属Spegazzinia Saccardo, Michelia 2：37 , 1880. 菌落松散,正圆形或平展,暗褐色至黑色;菌丝体表生;子座无,刚毛和附属丝缺;菌丝多分枝,常相互融合集结成网状;分生孢子梗常从近球形、安瓶形、盘形或瓮形的孢梗母细胞上生出,不分枝,直立或弯曲,窄细,近无色至褐色,光滑或具有瘤突。分生孢子梗常分为长、短两型,分别产生a,b两种类型的分生孢子：a分生孢子生在长的分生孢子梗上,b分生孢子生在短的分生孢子梗上;产孢细胞于顶端全壁芽生式产孢,单芽生,有限生长,窄细,圆柱状;分生孢子单生;a分生孢…     

中国一新记录属--齿梗霉属

1997年7月从长白山自然保护区原始森林中采集的腐朽木材髓心标本,经分离培养获得一淡黄色菌落,经鉴定为齿梗霉属Olpitrichum真菌。齿梗霉属在中国是首次报道。 齿梗霉属 中国新记录属 Olpitrichum Atkinson,Bot.Gaz.19:244,1894 菌落呈淡黄色,绒毛状。菌丝有隔膜,分枝,相互交织,淡黄色或近无色。分生孢子梗较粗大,近直立,有隔膜,不分枝或不规则分枝。产孢细胞齿状,齿突圆柱状,产孢区域稍膨大。分生孢子着生在齿突顶部,单生,无色或淡色,单细胞,球形、卵圆形或椭圆形,光滑。 模式种：Olpitrichum carpophilum Atkinson 大孢齿梗霉 图1 Olpitrichum macrosporum (Farlow) Sumstine, Mycologia 3:55,1911． =Rhinotrichum macrosporum Farlow in Sacc., Michelia 2:148,1880． 菌落平展,淡黄色,绒毛状。菌丝分枝,有隔膜,宽5.0～6.0μm。分生孢子梗粗壮,直立,淡色,长130μm以上,不分枝或不规则分枝,横隔间距较大,顶部稍膨大（宽6～7μm）。产孢细胞齿状,不规则散生,齿突长3.0～6.5μm。分生孢子卵圆形或长椭圆形,无色或淡色,14～21×8～10μm。腐生。     

葡孢霉属(丝孢纲)的重新评价

葡孢霉属的模式种已无从查找,连一张好的绘图也不曾留下。因而,由模式种所代表的属的含意无法考察清楚。但是多年来已形成了一个关于此属的明确概念,且已被真菌学家们所广泛接受。在这种概念下已描述了四个种。鉴于这种情况,我们认为最好的解决办法是承认现状。赞成以绚丽葡孢霉(Botryosporium pulchrum Corda)为本属的补选模式种。考虑到其中两个种在文献中常被混淆,本文首次将关于全部已确认的四个种的描绘放在一起。四个种的简明检索表如下：1)分生孢子梗作双叉式分枝……………………绚丽葡孢霉(Botryosporium pulchrum)1)分生孢子梗不分枝,或偶有分枝,但绝不作双又状……………………22)侧分枝下垂,产孢膨大体简单…………………马德葡孢霉(B. madrasense) 2)侧分枝不作下垂状,每一产孢膨大体裂作数瓣………………………33) 每侧枝端部泡囊生4—6个产孢膨大体,泡囊呈双锥状…………………………长枝葡孢霉(B．Longibrachiatum)3)每侧枝端部通常生2个(极少3个)产孢膨大体,泡囊球状……………………休斯葡孢霉(B．Hughesli)     

嗜冷和冷育微生物的研究 Ⅲ.地丝霉属一新种,光滑地丝霉

在研究食品冷库中嗜冷微生物区系时,获得很多冷育型真菌。地丝霉和金孢菌类在这些菌中占优势。其中一菌在PYE上于18℃培养14天,菌落白色,厚毡状,中央常有淡黄色渗出液滴,菌落直径33mm,背面浅黄褐色,有辐射沟纹,老后仍为白色。菌丝分隔,直径1.0—2.0μm。该菌有明显的分生孢子梗,直立,宽度1.0—2.0μm,长10—25(—35)μm,无色或淡黄色,分生孢子梗具分枝,由分枝产分生孢子。分生孢子无色或淡黄色,顶端者为梨形、倒卵形或楔状,间生者矩椭圆形或桶状,1.5—2.5×2.5—3.5(—4.0)μm,光滑、1—3成链。该菌生长温度范围为0—25℃,最适温度为18℃,30℃不生长。此菌产生果胶酶,但是不分解角朊。该菌从冷库中生霉的蒜苗上分离得。其特征与Carmichael(1962),Domsch等(1980)所订正的金孢菌属(Chrysosporium Corda)中各种,以及Sigler和Carmichael(1976),Oorschot(1980)所订正的地丝霉属(Geomyces Traaen)中各种均有显著的差异,而其性状符合地丝霉属的特征集要。故命名为光滑地丝霉Geomyces laevis Z.Q.Li et Cui。模式:菌株AS 3.4605为模式菌株,保藏在中国科学院微生物研究所菌种保藏研究室;模式标本HMAS No.54875保存在该研究所真菌标本室。     

中国-新记录属──齿梗霉属

１９９７年７月从长白山自然保护区原始森林中采集的腐朽木材髓心标本,经分离培养获得－淡黄色菌落,经鉴定为齿梗霉属０１ｐｉｔｒｉｃｈｕｍ真菌。齿梗霉属在中国是首次报道。齿梗霉属中国新记录属０１ｐｉｔｒｉｃｈｕｍ　Ａｔｋｉｎｓｏｎ, Ｂｏｔ．Ｇａｚ． １９：２４４, １８９４ 菌落呈淡黄色,绒毛状。菌丝有隔膜,分枝,相互交织,淡黄色或近无色。分生孢子模较粗大,近直立,有隔膜,不分枝或不规则分枝。产孢细胞齿状,齿突圆柱状,产孢区域稍膨大。分生孢子着生在齿突顶部,单生,无色或淡色,单细胞,球形、卵圆形或椭圆形…     

嗜冷和冷育微生物的研究III．地丝霉属一新种，光滑地丝霉

在研究食品冷库中嗜冷微生物区系时,获得很多冷育型真菌。地丝霉和金孢菌类在这些菌中占优势。其中一菌在PYE上于18℃培养14天,菌落白色,厚毡状,中央常有淡黄色渗出液滴,菌落直径3 3ram,背面浅黄褐色,有辐射沟纹,老后仍为白色。菌丝分隔,直径1 O一2．0μm。该菌有明显的分生孢子梗,直立,宽度1．0—2．0μm,长10一25(一35)μm,无色或淡黄色,分生孢子梗具分枝,由分枝产分生孢子。分生孢子无色或淡黄色,顶端者为梨形、倒卵形或楔状,间生者矩椭圆形或桶状,1．5—2．5×2．5—3 5(一4．0)μm,光滑、1一3成链。该菌生长温度范围为O一25℃,最适温度为18℃,30℃不生长。此菌产生果胶酶,但是不分解角朊。该菌从冷库中生霉的蒜苗上分离得。其特征与carmichael(1962),Domsch等(1 9 80)所订正的金孢菌属(Chrysosporium Corda)中各种,以及Sigler和Carmichael(1976),Oorschot(1980)所订正的地丝霉属(GeomycesTraaen)中各种均有显著的差异,而其性状符合地丝霉属的特征集要。故命名为光滑地丝霉 Geomyces laevis Z．Q．Li et Cui。 模式：菌株AS 3．4605 为模式菌株,保藏在中国科学院微生物研究所菌种保藏研究室;模式标本HMAS No．54875保存在该研究所真菌标本室。     

曲霉制片法

曲霉为半知菌类,串珠霉目的一属。有少数具有性生殖阶段,归入子囊菌纲曲霉科。菌丝有隔而分枝。无性繁殖时,从营养菌丝的一个较为膨大和厚壁的细胞(即脚胞)上生出无隔和无分枝而向上生长的分生孢子梗,梗的顶端膨大呈球形或棒状,周围着生许多称为小梗的瓶状短枝,每个小梗上可能再生一、二个或二个     

球束梗孢属一新种

描述了采自湖北省神农架的球束梗孢属一新种,神农架球束梗孢Gibellula shennongjiaensis,该菌分生孢子梗表面粗糙,瓶梗为棒状,5.4–10.8×1.1–2.2μm。分生孢子为圆柱形或纺锤形,透明,表面光滑,3.2–6.5×1.1–1.6μm。具糙梗孢式共无性型的产孢结构,其分生孢子梗由不规则的菌丝组成,产孢细胞不规则形状,分生孢子无色,光滑,线形,12.1–15.2×1.4–2.1μm。模式标本保存在贵州大学菌种保藏中心(GZAC-SNJ2012,主模式)。     

中国新记录属—小带孢霉属

小带孢霉属中国新记录属 菌落平展,点状或垫状,中褐色至暗褐色,有时暗红色或近黑色.菌丝体埋生或常表生.无子座.刚毛和附属丝缺.分生孢子梗分化不明显,丛生或散生,短,不分枝或近基部有稀疏分枝,弯曲,褐色或青黄褐色,光滑或稍粗糙.产孢细胞单芽生,合生,顶生,有限生长,圆柱状或桶状.分生孢子有时单生,多数情况下形成长的但不分枝或分枝向项的链,难以脱落,椭圆形,桶形或倒棍棒形,基部常钝圆或平截,中度褐色、暗褐色或青黄褐色,光滑或粗糙,直或弯曲,具1-多个横隔膜.     

中国一新记录属--梨尾格孢属

梨尾格孢属 中国新记录属 菌丝体表生,无子座,刚毛和附属丝缺;分生孢子梗单生,具分枝,常呈拱形,有时集结成环,比普通菌丝略粗;产孢细胞单孔生,顶生,或间生,有限产孢,圆柱状、棍棒状或钩状,具孢痕疤,疤痕突出,疤痕中央常显产孢孔。分生孢子单生,干燥、顶生或侧生,宽椭圆形,卵圆形、球形、近球形或倒梨形,常具喙或附属丝,褐色,砖格状分隔,光滑或具有瘤突。 模式种： Piricauda paraguayensis (Speg.) R. T. Moore = P. uleana (Sacc.& Syd.) Bubák.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.