球束梗孢属一新种——弯孢球束梗孢(英文)

报道了采自贵州省宽阔水自然保护区的球束梗孢属一新种——弯孢球束梗孢,对其进行了形态描述和基于ITS-5.8S rDNA序列的分子研究。在球束梗孢属中与具有类似弯曲的分生孢子的G.formosana进行了比较,本种瓶梗基部为近球形膨大,分生孢子较大,4.7 11×1.6 2.4μm;而G.formosana瓶梗基部是纺锤形,分生孢子较小,3.5 4×1.5 2.2μm。     

中国南方地区暗色丝孢真菌两个新种（英文）

霸王岭爱氏霉和版纳葚孢是采自我国南方地区的暗色丝孢菌的2个新种。霸王岭爱氏霉的主要特征是分生孢子梗分化明显,单生,产孢细胞单芽生并产生17–24个假隔膜,115–145×15.5–20μm,倒棍棒形的分生孢子。版纳葚孢的主要特征是分生孢子梗粗大,单生,产孢细胞单芽生并产生11–25个真隔膜,215–430×12–16μm,倒棍棒形分生孢子。     

寄主为蚧的层束梗孢一新记录种

在贵州茂兰国家自然保护区发现寄生蚧壳虫的层束梗孢属真菌gzuifr-hym201307jk。主要特征为孢梗束灰白色单生,14¹7 mm×0.9 mm,产孢细胞柱状向上收缩变尖,顶部具有117 mm×0.9 mm,产孢细胞柱状向上收缩变尖,顶部具有1³个叉状的产孢小颈,大小10.83个叉状的产孢小颈,大小10.8¹4.0×4.314.0×4.3⁵.4μm;分生孢子梭形,7.65.4μm;分生孢子梭形,7.6¹0.8×4.310.8×4.3⁵.4μm。经鉴定该真菌为中国新记录种——Hymenostilbe furcata。     

金龟拟多头束霉Tilachlidiopsis scarabaei，一种稀有的束梗孢类虫生真菌

【目的】调查发现我国稀有但重要的虫生束梗孢类真菌。【方法】采用经典形态学及生态学特征对研究标本进行鉴定。【结果】在寄生鞘翅目昆虫的标本中,发现我国一拟多头束霉新记录种,金龟拟多头束霉Tilachlidiopsis scarabaei L.S.Olive,其形态特征为:寄主昆虫长约15 mm,宽4 mm。孢梗束下部深褐色,上部白色,长约36 mm,宽约1.8 mm,头状,可简单分枝。瓶梗锥形,少数棒状,顶端变细,长约19.4-25.9μm,宽1.1-2.2μm,在孢梗束的球状头部,呈栅栏状密集排列;在近头部的柄上瓶梗顶侧生于简单分枝的分生孢子梗上。分生孢子大多椭圆形,(2.2-3.2)μm×(1.1-2.2)μm;近柱形,(4.3-5.4)μm×(1.1-2.2)μm;少数球形,1.1-2.2μm。【结论】经文献检索和鉴定,金龟拟多头束霉为我国报道的新记录种。     

层束梗孢属一新种

本文报道采自贵州的中国新记录属层束梗孢属Hymenostilbe一新种刺孢层束梗孢（Hymenostilbespiculatasp．nov．Huan,FanetLi）。该种寄生于蜘蛛,产孢细胞子实层状复被于孢梗束上,无瘤,多点芽菌产孢。分生孢子单生,光滑或具细刺,56～6．6×1．3～2．7μm。     

中国一新记录属--齿梗霉属

1997年7月从长白山自然保护区原始森林中采集的腐朽木材髓心标本,经分离培养获得一淡黄色菌落,经鉴定为齿梗霉属Olpitrichum真菌。齿梗霉属在中国是首次报道。 齿梗霉属 中国新记录属 Olpitrichum Atkinson,Bot.Gaz.19:244,1894 菌落呈淡黄色,绒毛状。菌丝有隔膜,分枝,相互交织,淡黄色或近无色。分生孢子梗较粗大,近直立,有隔膜,不分枝或不规则分枝。产孢细胞齿状,齿突圆柱状,产孢区域稍膨大。分生孢子着生在齿突顶部,单生,无色或淡色,单细胞,球形、卵圆形或椭圆形,光滑。 模式种：Olpitrichum carpophilum Atkinson 大孢齿梗霉 图1 Olpitrichum macrosporum (Farlow) Sumstine, Mycologia 3:55,1911． =Rhinotrichum macrosporum Farlow in Sacc., Michelia 2:148,1880． 菌落平展,淡黄色,绒毛状。菌丝分枝,有隔膜,宽5.0～6.0μm。分生孢子梗粗壮,直立,淡色,长130μm以上,不分枝或不规则分枝,横隔间距较大,顶部稍膨大（宽6～7μm）。产孢细胞齿状,不规则散生,齿突长3.0～6.5μm。分生孢子卵圆形或长椭圆形,无色或淡色,14～21×8～10μm。腐生。     

大别山的两种刺束梗孢

采自大别山的两种刺束梗孢,其中长孢刺束梗孢（Akanthomyceslongisporus）为新种,有拉丁文描述和图版。本种孢梗束多,密集,棕褐色,棒状。产孢结构和纤细刺束梗孢（A.gracilis相似,瓶梗以密集的子实层状被覆孢梗束。分生孢子多单细胞,少数双细胞,纺锤形至柱形,8.8～14.8×2．0～3.0μm。新几内亚刺束梗孢的标本同时并存刺状和棒状的孢梗束,这支持Samson将虫束梗孢属视为刺束梗孢属异名的观点。标本保存于安徽农业大学虫生真菌室（RCEF）     

来自山西鸟窝的金孢属一新种

从山西省祁县一麻雀窝中的羽毛上分离到一嗜角蛋白的金孢属新种——山西金孢。采用分子系统学结合经典形态学对其进行了描述和鉴定,其主要鉴别特征是:具球拍状菌丝,10.8–16.2×5.4–6.5μm;顶侧生分生孢子着生于菌丝上或短的突起或短柄上,单生或2–3个串生,多数长倒卵形,6.5–11.9×3.2–6.5μm,少数棒状至柱状,8.6–17.3×2.2–4.3μm;基痕较宽1.9–4.3μm,大多数产孢细胞与分生孢子连接处具有膨大的“领状”结构;间生孢子不规则桶状至肾形,8.6–13×3.2–6.5μm。     

层束梗孢属一新种

本文报道采自贵州的中国新记录属层束梗孢属Ｈｙｍｅｎｏｓｔｉｌｂｅ一新种刺孢层束梗孢（Ｈｙｍｅｎｏｓｔｉｌｂｅｓｐｉｃｕｌａｔａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．Ｈｕａｎ,ＦａｎｅｔＬｉ）该种寄生于蜘蛛,产孢细胞子实层状复被于孢梗束上,无瘤,多点芽茁产孢,分生孢子单生,光滑或具细刺,５．６～６．６×１．３～２．７μｍ。     

齿梗孢属二新种

报道分离自土壤中的齿梗孢属 Scolecobasidium 二新种:椭圆齿梗孢 Scolecobasidium ellipticum 和小孢齿梗孢 Scolecobasidium microsporum。椭圆齿梗孢与亚马逊齿梗孢 S. amazonense、粗腐植齿梗孢 S. crassihumicola 和倒卵齿梗孢 S. obovatum 形态近似,区别在于 S. amazonense 的分生孢子倒卵形,常在分生孢子基部形成一横隔膜,同样 S. crassihumicola 的分生孢子也仅具一横隔膜;S. obovatum 的分生孢子(10-25×4-6μm)明显地较新种的大,且表面光滑,因此容易区分。小孢齿梗孢与嗜粪齿梗孢 S. coprophilum、腐植齿梗孢 S. humicola 和小疣齿梗孢 S. verruculosum 分生孢子形态有些相似,但新种的分生孢子明显小于 S. coprophilum(6-12.5×2.8-4.2μm)和 S. humicola(7-13×2.8-4μm, Matsushima,1971)的,分生孢子梗也明显较后两者的短;此外,新种的分生孢子密生刺突,而 S. verruculosum 分生孢子表面遍生小疣,使它们陪此易于区分。二新种的模式标本(干制培养物)保存在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP)。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.