基于红外相机技术分析不同人类干扰强度对森林动物栖息的影响

云南江城县地处西双版纳生物多样性保护的优先区域,历史上未展开过全面系统的爬行动物资源调查。本研究于2019年5月至2020年9月期间,先后7次(5 ~ 10 d/月,8:00时至次日04:00时),调查江城县全域爬行动物多样性。调查采用固定样线法,共设置207条样线,每条长4 km,本次调查共记录爬行动物2目17科39属51种,其中国家一级重点保护野生动物物种1种,圆鼻巨蜥(Varanus salvator),国家二级重点保护野生动物物种7种。本次调查发现2新种和1种中国分布新记录及1种云南分布新记录,新种为伯仲钝头蛇(Pareas geminates sp. nov)和滇南竹叶青蛇(Trimeresurus goui sp. nov),中国新记录种为老挝拟须唇蛇(Parafimbrios lao),云南新记录种为崇安斜鳞蛇(Pseudoxenodon karlschmidti)。通过分析发现,江城县爬行动物物种多样性丰富,该区分布的物种区系以东洋界为主,单属种较多,与喜马拉雅-横断山具有一定的联系。其6类生态型中,灌丛石隙型最丰富。垂直分布多样性最丰富的是山坡地带海拔700 ~ 1 500 m。江城的地理位置以及气候与植被环境,是研究季雨林爬行动物多样性组成的典型区域,本次调查研究弥补了该地区爬行动物多样性文献资料的空白,建议未来维持现有的森林分布格局,加强对该地区爬行动物多样性的研究、监测和保护。     

天津八仙山国家级自然保护区野生勺鸡集群模式和时空活动规律

2017年6月至2021年8月,基于红外相机技术在天津八仙山国家级自然保护区对野生勺鸡(Pucrasia macrolopha)开展集群模式和时空活动规律研究,研究期间共筛选出野生勺鸡独立有效照片218张,从中辨认出野生勺鸡266只次。研究发现：野生勺鸡呈现7种集群模式,以一雄一雌模式为主(χ² = 29.722,df = 6,P < 0.001);野生勺鸡呈昼行性活动,冬季核密度曲线为单峰型,其余3个季节均为双峰型,其活动高峰时间为,春季07:00 ~ 09:00时和14:00 ~ 16:00时,夏季08:00 ~ 10:00时和12:00 ~ 14:00时,秋季07:00 ~ 09:00时和15:00 ~ 17:00时,冬季10:00 ~ 12:00时;勺鸡的日活动节律存在性别差异,其活动特点呈明显错峰现象,其中,秋季的日活动强度存在显著性别差异(日活动曲线的重叠面积比Δ = 0.665 5,P < 0.001);勺鸡在春、夏、秋3个季节的活动均偏向集中在10 ~ 20 ℃温度区段和600 ~ 799 m海拔区段,而冬季的活动偏向集中在﹣9 ~ 0 ℃温度区段和800 ~ 999 m海拔区段,不同温度区段的活动强度(Friedman：χ² = 0.231,df = 3,P > 0.05)和不同海拔区段的活动强度(Friedman：χ² = 5.615,df = 3,P > 0.05)均无显著季节差异。本研究为今后野生勺鸡的生态监测和保护管理提供了科学参考。     

基于就诊流量监测的门诊资源合理分配研究

目的 通过历史流量数据及流量监测系统,对医院门诊流量情况进行分析,为门诊人力资源合理分配提供依据。 方法 应用时间序列数据季节指数分析法对医院历史门诊流量数据按月份、周和每日不同时间段流量进行分析,并对流量监测系统的历史数据进行统计分析。 结果 门诊流量3、5、7、11、12月份较大,1、2月份较少;一周中周一至周三流量较大,周四、周五流量较少;一天中早上8：00～10：00流量较大,呈明显就诊高峰,下午14：00～16：00为就诊低峰。 结论 医院门诊流量在一年的不同月份、每周的不同天次、每日的不同时间段都有不同的变化规律。     

云南省白链蛇和细白环蛇分布记录

2022年6和7月，于云南省德宏傣族景颇族自治州盈江县和西双版纳傣族自治州勐腊县境内分别采集到蛇类2条和1条。经分子与形态学鉴定，德宏州2条蛇为白链蛇[Lycodon septentrionalis (Günther, 1875)]；而西双版纳的1条蛇与国内原鉴定为细白环蛇(L. subcinctus Boie, 1827)的标本为同种，但与细白环蛇地模标本的分子遗传距离大，系统关系未解决，由于形态高度相似，暂定为细白环蛇(L. cf. subcinctus)。其中，白链蛇的发现恢复了该种在云南省近期才被移除的分布记录，而细白环蛇的发现则佐证了早期文献中长期被忽视的存疑记录。本文讨论了白链蛇在云南的分布历史和细白环蛇的分类问题，并指出未来应加强云南省边境区域的生物多样性调查，以尽快摸清云南省两栖爬行动物本底资料。     

贵州荔波发现锦白环蛇

2021年9月,在贵州省黔南布依族苗族自治州荔波县黎明关水族乡采集到一雌一雄2号白环蛇属(Lycodon)物种个体,两个体具有以下形态学特征：背鳞17-17-15行,光滑;上唇鳞8枚,下唇鳞10枚;颊鳞1枚,入眶;眶前鳞1枚,眶后鳞2枚;颞鳞8枚,2 + 3 + 3排列;腹鳞209 ~ 213枚(+ 1或2枚前腹鳞),雄性尾下鳞90对,雌性标本尾末端缺损,肛鳞完整。活体背面棕黑色,雄性体背部具29条浅色环,尾背部具12条浅色环,雌性体背部具30条浅色环,尾背部具10条浅色环。2号标本与锦白环蛇(L. pictus)原始描述中提供的形态学鉴定依据相符。线粒体Cyt b基因序列分析显示,本次采集的标本与已知锦白环蛇样本的遗传距离在0.3% ~ 0.8%之间。综合形态特征和系统发育分析比较,鉴定此次采集的白环蛇属标本为锦白环蛇,为贵州爬行动物分布新记录种。     

河南济源人工引水渠隧道蝙蝠冬眠生态学特征

2017-2020年期间,每年1月份对河南省济源市邵原镇布袋沟水库人工引水渠隧道内蝙蝠进行冬眠生态学特征调查,共发现2科5属7种蝙蝠在此冬眠,包括马铁菊头蝠（Rhinolophus ferrumequinum）、小菊头蝠（R.pusillus）、华南水鼠耳蝠（Myotis laniger）、白腹管鼻蝠（Murina leucogaster）、金管鼻蝠（Mu.aurata）、奥氏长耳蝠（Plecotus ognevi）和亚洲宽耳蝠（Barbastella leucomelas）。马铁菊头蝠是优势种（约52%-73%的冬眠个体）,其次是小菊头蝠（约19%-37%）、华南水鼠耳蝠（约5%-8%）,其余蝙蝠物种数量不足3%。2017-2020年冬眠蝙蝠个体总数呈增长趋势,但仍少于早期报道的数量。有42个隧道每年均有蝙蝠冬眠,而且不同年度冬眠数量也不尽相同。通过多元线性回归分析发现,隧道长度可能是影响蝙蝠冬眠栖息场所选择的主要影响因子（Adjusted R²=0.208,P=0.001）。每个隧道内,蝙蝠具有不同的冬眠栖点位置,约4/5的蝙蝠选择温暖且环境相对稳定的隧道深处（> 30 m）作为冬眠栖点,超过95%的个体选择长度> 60 m的隧道冬眠。蝙蝠具有不同的冬眠方式,绝大多数个体采用独栖方式进行冬眠（> 90%）,少数采用聚集方式。不同的冬眠栖点和冬眠方式可能有利于冬眠成本优化。此外,栖点温度与蝙蝠体温之间呈显著正相关（R²=0.98,P < 0.001）,而且蝙蝠冬眠期间的栖点温度具有种内和种间差异。研究结果为我国蝙蝠种群保护和冬眠场所管理提供科学依据。     

模拟增温对羊草生态系统土壤呼吸速率的影响

草地是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分，研究草地系统土壤呼吸速率对全球气候变暖的响应，对预测全球碳循环具有重要作用。采用高度分别为0.5 m（T1）和1.85 m（T2）的开顶式增温箱（OTCs）对羊草生态系统进行模拟增温，仔细观察羊草的生育期，在每个生育期的同一天的晨间t₁时段（9：00-11：00）、午间t₂时段（13：30-15：30）和晚间t₃时段（17：00-19：00）监测土壤呼吸速率。分析不同增温幅度下土壤呼吸速率的变化规律，明确影响土壤碳排放的主要因素，探讨土壤呼吸速率与影响因素间存在的关系。结果显示：1）相对于空白对照C，模拟增温T1和T2导致0-10 cm土壤温度分别显著提高1.18和2.37℃；导致0-10 cm土壤湿度降低2.27%和4.57%；2）在羊草生长阶段，土壤呼吸速率呈现明显的季节性变化特征，同一天的t₁时段、t₂时段和t₃时段土壤呼吸速率峰值分别出现在结实期、抽穗期和开花期。非生长阶段土壤呼吸速率无显著差异；3）不同处理下土壤呼吸速率与近地表气温、0-10 cm土壤温度和地下生物量呈指数正相关关系，与0-10 cm的土壤湿度呈显著二次项负相关关系，与地上生物量表现为二次项正相关关系。研究结果明确了羊草生态系统中土壤碳排放对增温的响应，可为草原生态系统应对气候变化及可持续发展提供理论依据。     

安徽庐江发现东亚腹链蛇

2021年8月,在安徽省合肥市庐江县牛王寨采集到东亚腹链蛇属(Hebius)蛇类标本1号。经形态比较发现,该蛇明显不同于大别山地区已有的东亚腹链蛇属物种——棕黑腹链蛇(H. sauteri)和绣链腹链蛇(H. craspedogaster)。分子系统学分析显示,该标本与东亚腹链蛇(H. vibakari)遗传关系最近,且形态上符合东亚腹链蛇特征,提示该标本应为东亚腹链蛇。东亚腹链蛇是安徽省和大别山地区爬行动物分布新记录种,这也是该物种在中国东北地区之外首次被报道。该分布新记录扩大了对东亚腹链蛇的分布范围的认知,对东亚腹链蛇的种群分化和生物地理学研究具有重要意义。     

蛇含委陵菜的化学成分及抗炎活性研究

为了研究蛇含委陵菜(Potentilla kleiniana)的化学成分及其抗炎活性,该文利用D-101大孔树脂、硅胶及Toyopearl HW-40F等色谱技术对蛇含委陵菜60%乙醇提取物进行分离纯化,通过NMR和HR-ESI-MS波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构,采用小鼠巨噬细胞(RAW 264.7)体外炎症模型评价化合物的抗炎活性。结果表明:(1)从蛇含委陵菜中分离得到15个化合物,分别鉴定为2-(heptadecanoyloxy)propane-1,3-diyl distearate(1)、9,12,13-三羟基-10,15-十八碳二烯酸(2)、9,12,13-三羟基-10,15-十八碳二烯酸甲酯(3)、2,2''-氧代双(1,4-二叔丁苯)(4)、大黄素(5)、大黄酚(6)、(6R,9R)-3-酮-α-紫罗兰醇-9-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7)、新穿心莲内酯(8)、甲基-α-D-呋喃果糖苷(9)、1-O-β-D-吡喃果糖-α-D-吡喃阿洛糖苷(10)、对香豆酸(11)、cesternosides A(12)、koaburaside(13)、荭草素(14)、异荭草素(15),均首次从委陵菜属植物中分离得到。(2)抗炎实验结果显示,化合物1-3、8、11-15具有一定NO释放抑制活性,其中化合物8在 25 μmol·L^-1浓度下抑制率为72.5%。该研究丰富了蛇含委陵菜的植物化学信息,明确了脂肪酸衍生物、酚性成分及二萜类成分是其抗炎活性成分,为蛇含委陵菜的进一步开发利用提供了理论依据。     

吉林省荣军医院医护人员配置现状调查

目的 研究吉林省荣军医院医护人员资源配置现状。方法 采用自行设计的荣军医院医护人员配置情况调查问卷,对吉林省荣军医院开展调查研究。结果 被调查荣军医院医护比例为1：0.26,床护比例为1：0.03,荣复军人床护比为1：0.05;医生年龄主要集中在36～44岁之间,而护士年龄主要集中在45岁以上;护士学历结构集中在中专及以下层次。结论 被调查医院医护人员配置不足、学历层次偏低,难以满足荣复军人的需求,应进一步加强荣军医院的人员配置,提高人员综合素质。     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Monovalent Cation Permeation through the Connexin40 Gap Junction Channel : Cs,Rb, K,Na, Li,TEA, TMA,TBA, and Effects of Anions Br,Cl, F,Acetate, Aspartate,Glutamate, and NO3

The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γ_j in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γ_j are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO₃ (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li⁺ are: Cs⁺ (1.38), Rb⁺ (1.32), K⁺ (1.31), Na⁺ (1.16), TMA⁺ (0.53), TEA⁺ (0.45), TBA⁺ (0.03), Cl⁻ (0.19), glutamate⁻ (0.04), and NO₃− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.     

Competitive inhibition and selectivity enhancement by Ca in the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, Hf) by carrot (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun)

We investigated the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, and Hf) and the effect of Ca on their uptake in carrots (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun) by the radioactive multitracer technique. The experimental results suggested that Na, Mg, K, and Rb competed for the functional groups outside the cells in roots with Ca but not for the transporter-binding sites on the plasma membrrane of the root cortex cells. In contrast, Y, Ce, Pm, and Gd competed with Ca for the transporters on the plasma membrane. The selectivity, which was defined as the value obtained by dividing the concentration ratio of an elemental pair, K/Na, Rb/Na, Be/Sr, and Mg/Sr, in the presence of 0.2 and 2 ppm Ca by that of the corresponding elemental pair in the absence of Ca in the solution was estimated. The selectivity of K and Rb in roots was increased in the presence of Ca. The selectivity of Be in roots was not affected, whereas the selectivity of Mg was increased by Ca. These observations suggest that the presence of Ca in the uptake solution enhances the selectivity in the uptake of metabolically important elements against unwanted elements.     

Potential Compounds for Oral Cancer Treatment: Resveratrol,Nimbolide, Lovastatin,Bortezomib, Vorinostat,Berberine, Pterostilbene,Deguelin, Andrographolide,and Colchicine

Oral cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in South-Asian countries. There are very limited treatment options available for oral cancer. Research endeavors focused on discovery and development of novel therapies for oral cancer, is necessary to control the ever rising oral cancer related mortalities. We mined the large pool of compounds from the publicly available compound databases, to identify potential therapeutic compounds for oral cancer. Over 84 million compounds were screened for the possible anti-cancer activity by custom build SVM classifier. The molecular targets of the predicted anti-cancer compounds were mined from reliable sources like experimental bioassays studies associated with the compound, and from protein-compound interaction databases. Therapeutic compounds from DrugBank, and a list of natural anti-cancer compounds derived from literature mining of published studies, were used for building partial least squares regression model. The regression model thus built, was used for the estimation of oral cancer specific weights based on the molecular targets. These weights were used to compute scores for screening the predicted anti-cancer compounds for their potential to treat oral cancer. The list of potential compounds was annotated with corresponding physicochemical properties, cancer specific bioactivity evidences, and literature evidences. In all, 288 compounds with the potential to treat oral cancer were identified in the current study. The majority of the compounds in this list are natural products, which are well-tolerated and have minimal side-effects compared to the synthetic counterparts. Some of the potential therapeutic compounds identified in the current study are resveratrol, nimbolide, lovastatin, bortezomib, vorinostat, berberine, pterostilbene, deguelin, andrographolide, and colchicine.     

New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Stenotrachelidae, Oedemeridae, Meloidae, Myceteridae, Boridae, Pythidae, Pyrochroidae, Anthicidae, and Aderidae

We report 19 new species records for the faunal list of Coleoptera in New Brunswick, Canada, six of which are new records for the Maritime provinces, and one of which is new Canadian record. We also provide the first recent records for five additional species in New Brunswick. One new species of Stenotrachelidae, Cephaloon ungulare LeConte, is added to the New Brunswick faunal list. Additional records are provided for Cephaloon lepturides Newman, as well the first recent record of Nematoplus collaris LeConte. Two species of Oedemeridae, Asclera puncticollis (Say) and Asclera ruficollis (Say), are newly reported for New Brunswick, and additional locality and bionomic data are provided for Calopus angustus LeConte and Ditylus caeruleus (Randall). The records of Ditylus caerulus are the first recent records for the province. Three species of Meloidae, Epicauta pestifera Werner, Lytta sayi LeConte, and Meloe augustcollis Say are reported the first time for New Brunswick; Epicauta pestifera is newly recorded in Canada. Lacconotus punctatus LeConte and the family Mycteridaeis newly recorded for New Brunswick. The first recent records of Borus unicolor Say (Boridae) are reported from the province. One new species of Pythidae, Pytho siedlitzi Blair, and the first recent records of Pytho niger Kirby are added to the faunal list of New Brunswick. Three species of Pyrochroidae are newly reported for the province, including Pedilus canaliculatus (LeConte) and Pedilus elegans (Hentz), which are new for the Maritime provinces. Five species of Anthicidae and the first recent record of Anthicus cervinus LaFerté-Sénectére are newly reported for New Brunswick. Anthicus melancholicus LaFerté-Sénectère, Sapintus pubescens (LaFerté-Sénectère), Notoxus bifasciatus (LeConte), and Stereopalpus rufipes Casey are new to the Maritime provinces faunal list. Ambyderus granularis (LeConte) is removed from the faunal list of the province. Three species of Aderidae, Vanonus huronicus Casey, Zonantes fasciatus (Melsheimer), and Zonantes pallidusWerner, are newly recorded for New Brunswick; Zonantes fasciatus and Vanonus huronicus are new for the Maritime provinces' faunal list. Collection data, bionomic data, and distribution maps are presented for all these species.