河南济源人工引水渠隧道蝙蝠冬眠生态学特征

2017-2020年期间，每年1月份对河南省济源市邵原镇布袋沟水库人工引水渠隧道内蝙蝠进行冬眠生态学特征调查，共发现2科5属7种蝙蝠在此冬眠，包括马铁菊头蝠（Rhinolophus ferrumequinum）、小菊头蝠（R.pusillus）、华南水鼠耳蝠（Myotis laniger）、白腹管鼻蝠（Murina leucogaster）、金管鼻蝠（Mu.aurata）、奥氏长耳蝠（Plecotus ognevi）和亚洲宽耳蝠（Barbastella leucomelas）。马铁菊头蝠是优势种（约52%-73%的冬眠个体），其次是小菊头蝠（约19%-37%）、华南水鼠耳蝠（约5%-8%），其余蝙蝠物种数量不足3%。2017-2020年冬眠蝙蝠个体总数呈增长趋势，但仍少于早期报道的数量。有42个隧道每年均有蝙蝠冬眠，而且不同年度冬眠数量也不尽相同。通过多元线性回归分析发现，隧道长度可能是影响蝙蝠冬眠栖息场所选择的主要影响因子（Adjusted R²=0.208，P=0.001）。每个隧道内，蝙蝠具有不同的冬眠栖点位置，约4/5的蝙蝠选择温暖且环境相对稳定的隧道深处（> 30 m）作为冬眠栖点，超过95%的个体选择长度> 60 m的隧道冬眠。蝙蝠具有不同的冬眠方式，绝大多数个体采用独栖方式进行冬眠（> 90%），少数采用聚集方式。不同的冬眠栖点和冬眠方式可能有利于冬眠成本优化。此外，栖点温度与蝙蝠体温之间呈显著正相关（R²=0.98，P < 0.001），而且蝙蝠冬眠期间的栖点温度具有种内和种间差异。研究结果为我国蝙蝠种群保护和冬眠场所管理提供科学依据。

A preliminary study on hibernating ecological characteristics of seven bat species in tunnels of an artificial canal in Jiyuan, Henan Province

Every January from 2017 to 2020, the investigation of the hibernating ecological characteristics of bats in tunnels of the artificial canal of Budaigou Reservoir in Shaoyuan Town, Jiyuan City, Henan Province, was operated. Seven bat species, which belong to 5 genera in 2 families, were found hibernating in the tunnels, including Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, R. pusillus, Myotis laniger, Murina leucogaster, Mu. aurata, Plecotus ognevi, and Barbastella leucomelas. The dominant species was R. ferrumequinum (about 52%-73% hibernators), followed by R. pusillus (about 19%-37%), and M. laniger (about 5%-8%). While other bat species were less than 3%. The total number of hibernating bats showed an increasing trend over years, but it was still less than that reported earlier. And there were 42 tunnels with bats hibernating in every year, and the number of hibernators in each tunnel varied annually. The tunnel length was the major effector on the selection of hibernacula, based on the multiple linear regression analysis (adjusted R²=0.208, P=0.001). The study revealed that bats had different hibernating roost-points in each tunnel, and about 4/5 bats hibernated in the deeper section of tunnels (> 30 m), where the environment was warmer and relatively stable, which was affirmed that more than 95% of individuals hibernated in tunnels with length > 60 m. Bats had different hibernating patterns, for example, most individuals hibernated in solitary (>90%), while the others aggregated in clusters. The different hibernating roost-points and patterns might facilitate the optimization of hibernation cost. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between roost-point temperatures and body temperatures (R²=0.98, P<0.001), and the roost-point temperatures required for hibernation had intraspecific and interspecific differences. The above results provided a scientific basis for the protection of bat populations and management of hibernacula in China.