湖南省发现云开脊蛇兼记棕脊蛇新地模标本

云开脊蛇(Achalinus yunkaiensis)之前仅在广东和广西有分布报道。本文基于形态比较及线粒体COI基因序列分子系统关系分析结果,确定采集于湖南省新宁县的1号雌性脊蛇标本(CIB 119041)为云开脊蛇,为湖南省新记录种。该标本鼻间鳞沟约等于前额鳞沟,上颔齿24枚;背鳞通身23行,腹鳞150枚,尾下鳞55枚;尾长与体长之比为0.203。至此共有4种脊蛇分布于湖南省。此外,本文还报道了棕脊蛇(A. rufescens)1号雄性地模标本(CIB 119042),该标本鼻间鳞沟长于前额鳞沟;背鳞通身23行,腹鳞153枚,尾下鳞62枚;尾长与体长之比0.201。分子系统发育结果显示,棕脊蛇种组各支系的系统地位还需进一步研究厘定。     

云南省白链蛇和细白环蛇分布记录

2022年6和7月，于云南省德宏傣族景颇族自治州盈江县和西双版纳傣族自治州勐腊县境内分别采集到蛇类2条和1条。经分子与形态学鉴定，德宏州2条蛇为白链蛇[Lycodon septentrionalis (Günther, 1875)]；而西双版纳的1条蛇与国内原鉴定为细白环蛇(L. subcinctus Boie, 1827)的标本为同种，但与细白环蛇地模标本的分子遗传距离大，系统关系未解决，由于形态高度相似，暂定为细白环蛇(L. cf. subcinctus)。其中，白链蛇的发现恢复了该种在云南省近期才被移除的分布记录，而细白环蛇的发现则佐证了早期文献中长期被忽视的存疑记录。本文讨论了白链蛇在云南的分布历史和细白环蛇的分类问题，并指出未来应加强云南省边境区域的生物多样性调查，以尽快摸清云南省两栖爬行动物本底资料。     

黑脊蛇

黑脊蛇 ,Achalinnsspinalis Peters为游蛇科游蛇亚科脊蛇属、无毒蛇。体小而细长 ,全长 30～ 50 cm,最大可超过 60 cm;圆柱形 ;头略呈椭圆形 ;头、颈区分不明显 ;眼小 ,圆形或直立椭圆形。背面棕黑色 ,有一深纵条黑脊线 ,占脊鳞及其两侧各半片鳞宽 ;腹面色略浅 ;腹枚前颞鳞仅尖端入眶 ;鼻间鳞缝比前额鳞短 ;背鳞除最外行较大而平滑外 ,其余均起棱。上唇鳞 6,3- 2 - 1式 ;眼前鳞及眼后鳞均无 ;颊鳞 1 ;颞鳞 2 2 ;背鳞通身 2 3行 ,个别的在躯干某段有 2 1或 2 5行者。腹鳞雄性 1 46～ 1 64,雌性 1 59～ 1 76;尾下鳞雄性 50～ 66,雌性 39～ 5…     

莽山后棱蛇Opisthotropis cheni Zhao, 1999的再描述(Serpentes:Colubridae)

作者于1999年根据湖南宦章莽山标本发表新种莽山后棱蛇Opisthotropis cheni的鉴别特征,现对该蛇加以详细描述。莽山后棱蛇足小形水栖蛇,全长500～600mm,尾长占全长的五分之一左右,身体圆柱形,头较小,与颈区分不明显。鼻间鳞前端窄,鼻孔背侧位;眼小,背侧位;前额鳞单枚,甚宽,其两外侧扩展至头侧;颊鳞长,后端人眶;无眶前鳞,眶后鳞2;颞鳞1＋2（1）;上唇鳞8（3-2-3）为主;下唇鳞10,前4或5枚接前颔片;颔片2对,前对约为后对长的2倍。背鳞通身17行,除最外行其余微棱,腹鳞159～167．肛鳞二分,尾下鳞55～59对。背面暗橄榄褐色,体侧具多数淡黄色横斑,左右横斑彼此交错或在背中线相连;腹面色白或偶有灰点斑。雄性头腹前端鳞片（如颏鳞、颔片和前4～5对下唇鳞）上有多数疣粒,雌性则无。此蛇见于山溪或小河流水中,白昼隐藏于岩洞、石下、沙砾或杂草间,晚上或黄昏外出活动觅食,共采到5号标本,其叶14号均采于晚上20～22点之间,1号采于18点左右;被捕捉的蛇离水后两三天就死掉。此蛇也曾见于农耕地灌溉渠旁的杂草中。 山     

中国新纪录--环蛇(眼镜蛇科:环蛇属),兼记西藏竹叶青蛇(图版Ⅵ,下)

1998年在西藏墨脱县海拔1000m左右地方采到成年雌性环蛇1号,系我国新纪录。该蛇全长／尾长(mm)1095／112(尾尖断)。通身背面黑褐色,后3／4有由背鳞白色点斑缀成的窄横纹约40个;腹面浅黑色,每隔3或4枚腹鳞有不规则的黄白色横斑。尾背有少数不完整的白色纹,但尾腹面有7条很明显的横斑。头部斑纹与M．Smith(1943：410)描述一致,可能由于蛇龄较老而不清晰。背鳞通身15行,脊鳞略扩大;腹鳞233,尾下鳞35(略低于文献记载的44～51,可能与尾尖断有关),除前端第三、四两枚成单外,其余均成对。没有颊鳞;眶前鳞1,眶后鳞2;颞鳞1 2;上唇鳞7(2-2—3式);下唇鳞7,第一对在颏鳞后彼此相接,前4对接前颔片;前颔片大于后颔片,后者后半介一小鳞。检查一侧,除前沟牙及其预备牙外,没有发现其他上颌齿。该次考察还在西藏聂拉木县樟木海拔2400m左右地方采到4号雌性西藏竹叶青蛇。该蛇是黄正一教授根据西藏聂拉木县却克苏木雌雄各1号标本命名的种,虽然在邻国尼泊尔多处发现,但我国尚无更多标本报道。作者采到的4雌全长／尾长(mm)按编号顺序依次为：618／88,692／102,623／95和643／102。3号的腹鳞都是150,1号为152,均较原始描述略少,可能与计数方法有关,本文作者对腹鳞计数按赵尔宓与鹰岩(1993)84页图C所示的方法。尾下鳞2号为42对,2号为44对。     

安徽庐江发现东亚腹链蛇

2021年8月,在安徽省合肥市庐江县牛王寨采集到东亚腹链蛇属(Hebius)蛇类标本1号。经形态比较发现,该蛇明显不同于大别山地区已有的东亚腹链蛇属物种——棕黑腹链蛇(H. sauteri)和绣链腹链蛇(H. craspedogaster)。分子系统学分析显示,该标本与东亚腹链蛇(H. vibakari)遗传关系最近,且形态上符合东亚腹链蛇特征,提示该标本应为东亚腹链蛇。东亚腹链蛇是安徽省和大别山地区爬行动物分布新记录种,这也是该物种在中国东北地区之外首次被报道。该分布新记录扩大了对东亚腹链蛇的分布范围的认知,对东亚腹链蛇的种群分化和生物地理学研究具有重要意义。     

中华鳖阴茎头的组织学观察

2021年8月,在安徽省合肥市庐江县牛王寨采集到东亚腹链蛇属(Hebius)蛇类标本1号。经形态比较发现,该蛇明显不同于大别山地区已有的东亚腹链蛇属物种——棕黑腹链蛇(H. sauteri)和绣链腹链蛇(H. craspedogaster)。分子系统学分析显示,该标本与东亚腹链蛇(H. vibakari)遗传关系最近,且形态上符合东亚腹链蛇特征,提示该标本应为东亚腹链蛇。东亚腹链蛇是安徽省和大别山地区爬行动物分布新记录种,这也是该物种在中国东北地区之外首次被报道。该分布新记录扩大了对东亚腹链蛇的分布范围的认知,对东亚腹链蛇的种群分化和生物地理学研究具有重要意义。     

中国新纪录——环蛇 (眼镜蛇科 :环蛇属 ) ,兼记西藏竹叶青蛇(英文)

1998年在西藏墨脱县海拔 10 0 0m左右地方采到成年雌性环蛇 1号 ,系我国新纪录。该蛇全长 /尾长 (mm) 10 95 /112 (尾尖断 )。通身背面黑褐色 ,后 3/4有由背鳞白色点斑缀成的窄横纹约 4 0个 ;腹面浅黑色 ,每隔 3或 4枚腹鳞有不规则的黄白色横斑。尾背有少数不完整的白色纹 ,但尾腹面有 7条很明显的横斑。头部斑纹与M .Smith (194 3:4 10 )描述一致 ,可能由于蛇龄较老而不清晰。背鳞通身 15行 ,脊鳞略扩大 ;腹鳞2 33,尾下鳞 35 (略低于文献记载的 4 4～ 5 1,可能与尾尖断有关 ) ,除前端第三、四两枚成单外 ,其余均成对。没有颊鳞 ;眶前鳞 1,眶后鳞 2 ;颞鳞 1 2 ;上唇鳞 7(2 2 3式 ) ;下唇鳞 7,第一对在颏鳞后彼此相接 ,前 4对接前颔片 ;前颔片大于后颔片 ,后者后半介一小鳞。检查一侧 ,除前沟牙及其预备牙外 ,没有发现其他上颌齿。该次考察还在西藏聂拉木县樟木海拔 2 4 0 0m左右地方采到 4号雌性西藏竹叶青蛇。该蛇是黄正一教授根据西藏聂拉木县却克苏木雌雄各 1号标本命名的种 ,虽然在邻国尼泊尔多处发现 ,但我国尚无更多标本报道。作者采到的 4雌全长 /尾长 (mm)按编号顺序依次为 :6 18/88,6 92 /10 2 ,6 2 3/95和 6 4 3/10 2。 3号的腹鳞都是15 0 ,1号为 15 2 ,均较原始描述略少 ,可能与计数方法有     

安徽蛇类新纪录——白头蝰

1989年9月10日,在安徽省歙县昌溪乡昌溪村公路旁,采到一号蛇标本,经鉴定是白头蝰(Azemiops feae Boulenger)。标本号89091,保存于我所标本室。为安徽蛇类新纪录。同年10月2日上午11时30分,在歙县深度公路下,汽车压死一条白头蝰。现就89091号标本的形态特征描述如下:体长470毫米,尾长90毫米,重50克,雄性,头椭圆形,头背白色,有浅褐色斑纹,中间有一白中线。躯干背面紫褐色,背尾有朱红色黄斑16对。鳞被情况是:背鳞17—17—15行,腹鳞178,尾下鳞40对,眶前鳞3,眶后鳞2,顳鳞2+3,上唇鳞6,2—1—3式;下唇鳞8枚,前3枚切前颔片。生态习性栖息于300米左…     

红点锦蛇

红点锦蛇 Elaphe rufodorsata ( Cantor)为无毒蛇。体背面淡红褐色 ,背中央一条 2行鳞片宽的橙黄色的纵线。体侧各有暗黑褐色斑纹连成的纵线二条。头背有“∧”形黑斑。腹面密集不规则的褐黑色小方斑。有些色变异个体其黑色部分转变为褐黄色。上唇鳞 7( 8) ,2 ( 3) - 2 - 3式 ,眼前鳞 1 ( 2 ) ,眼后鳞 2 ,颞鳞 2 ( 3,1 ) 3( 2 ,4)。背鳞平滑 ,2 1 ( 2 3) - 1 9( 2 1 ) - 1 7( 1 5)行。腹鳞雄性 1 63～ 1 86,雌性 1 68～ 1 88;尾下鳞雄性 51～ 64,雌性 47～ 56。体长雄性可达 843 1 44mm,雌性可达 71 3 1 0 8mm。该蛇为半水生性 ,常在田…     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.