基于红外相机技术分析不同人类干扰强度对森林动物栖息的影响

云南江城县地处西双版纳生物多样性保护的优先区域，历史上未展开过全面系统的爬行动物资源调查。本研究于2019年5月至2020年9月期间，先后7次(5 ~ 10 d/月，8:00时至次日04:00时)，调查江城县全域爬行动物多样性。调查采用固定样线法，共设置207条样线，每条长4 km，本次调查共记录爬行动物2目17科39属51种，其中国家一级重点保护野生动物物种1种，圆鼻巨蜥(Varanus salvator)，国家二级重点保护野生动物物种7种。本次调查发现2新种和1种中国分布新记录及1种云南分布新记录，新种为伯仲钝头蛇(Pareas geminates sp. nov)和滇南竹叶青蛇(Trimeresurus goui sp. nov)，中国新记录种为老挝拟须唇蛇(Parafimbrios lao)，云南新记录种为崇安斜鳞蛇(Pseudoxenodon karlschmidti)。通过分析发现，江城县爬行动物物种多样性丰富，该区分布的物种区系以东洋界为主，单属种较多，与喜马拉雅-横断山具有一定的联系。其6类生态型中，灌丛石隙型最丰富。垂直分布多样性最丰富的是山坡地带海拔700 ~ 1 500 m。江城的地理位置以及气候与植被环境，是研究季雨林爬行动物多样性组成的典型区域，本次调查研究弥补了该地区爬行动物多样性文献资料的空白，建议未来维持现有的森林分布格局，加强对该地区爬行动物多样性的研究、监测和保护。

Effects of Different Degree of Human Disturbance on Forest Wildlife Habitats Based on Camera Trap Data

Objectives] It is well known that human disturbance has been affecting the habitat, survival, reproduction of wild animals, with the negative impacts depending on the intensity of human disturbance. In order to understand how the human disturbance impacts wild animals, we set up 40 infrared cameras at the previously selected sites with distinct disturbance intensities in Baishanzu National Nature Reserve, Zhejiang Province, China in January 2021. Methods] Based on the differences in the human disturbance intensity, the selected sites were divided into four groups (i.e., few disturbance area, slight disturbance area, minor disturbance area and serious disturbance area, from low to high human disturbance level). The monitoring period lasted 365 days, and there were 14 585 camera days in total.Shapiro-test of R software was used for normality test. t-test was used to analyze the difference if the normal distribution was met, and Wilcox-test was used to analyze the difference if the distribution of data was not normal. Results] 4 256 independent photographs were taken, of which 3 485 were for mammals and 771 were for birds. We found there were 31 species of animals photographed besides rodents, including 14 mammals and 17 birds. Specifically, two of those were under the first-class state protection and nine belonged to the second-class state protection. Because of the blurry images, three photographs of birds were not identified to species. The number of animal species photographed in few disturbance area, slight disturbance area, minor disturbance area and serious disturbance area were 29 (15 mammals and 14 birds with 1 798 photographs), 24 (15 mammals and 9 birds with 1 308 photographs), 20 (12 mammals and 8 birds with 756 photographs) and 18 (13 mammals and 5 birds with 394 photographs), respectively. It was found that there was a significantly negative relationship between the degree of human disturbance and the number of independent photographs (P < 0.01). Namely, with the human disturbance intensifying, less species of animals, particularly for birds, were photographed. Moreover, 3 163 of these photographs were taken from 23 infrared cameras deployed in the state-owned forests, being identified to 16 mammals and 17 birds. In the collective-owned forests, 17 infrared cameras produced 1 093 photographs (identified to 13 mammals and 9 birds). The number of photographs taken by one camera in the collective-owned forests was only 46.75% of that in the state-owned forests, with a significant difference between them (P < 0.01), possibly due to forest cutting in the early years and thus the destroyed and fragmented habitat had a negative impact on animals. Conclusion] As such, habitat protection should be an important task for wildlife conservation and be taken seriously.