苹果褪绿叶斑病毒和茎沟病毒的鉴定提纯和酶联法检测

苹果褪绿叶斑病毒(CLSV)和茎沟病毒(scv)是感染苹果和其它果树的两种重要潜隐 病毒。根据生物学特性和血清学反应,确定W-55分离物属于CLSV,W-29分离物属于SGV。采用皂土澄清,PEG 6000沉淀及超离心等步骤,得到部分提纯的病毒。经电镜观察,W-55和 W-29病毒颗粒长度分别为800nm和650nm。用CLSV W-55分离物制备的兔抗血清效价为1／3200,用SGV PV一71(ATCG)分离物制备小鼠腹水抗体效价为1／800,均用间接ELISA法测定。对感染CLSV和SGV的昆诺藜、苹果叶和花瓣检测结果表明,P／N值具有显著性。本工作为苹果无毒苗木的生产提供了快速、灵敏的病毒检测手段。     

自行设计高效RNA提取方法对果树病毒检测效果的研究

目的：建立适合果树病毒检测的高效RNA提取方法。方法：以梨、苹果幼嫩叶片及韧皮部为材料,利用已有的和自行设计的RNA提取方法,研究了苹果褪绿叶斑病毒和苹果茎痘病毒RT-PCR检测的效果。结果：自行设计的方法能在1h内获得纯度高、含量多、完整性好的总RNA,并能很好地用于RT-PCR扩增,扩增产物经回收、克隆和测序,证实是检测病毒的特异条带。结论：经反复多次实验证实,该方法适合果树RNA的快速提取,操作简便、快捷,可大大缩短RNA的提取时间,降低提取成本,适合大量样品的提取检测,可广泛用于各种果树病毒的研究。     

中国香菇种质资源中主要真菌病毒的多重RT-PCR检测技术

【背景】病毒是食用菌生产上较重要的一类潜在隐患。我们在前期的研究中发现,中国香菇(Lentinula edodes)种质资源中最常见的病毒有2种,分别为L. edodes partitivirus 1 (LePV1)和L. edodes mycovirus HKB (LeV-HKB)病毒,这2种病毒能单一或复合感染香菇。【目的】建立香菇种质主要病毒的快速检测技术,提高香菇病毒检测效率,降低检测成本。【方法】依据香菇β-actin基因及病毒LePV1和LeV-HKB编码依赖RNA的RNA复制酶(RdRp)基因序列分别设计引物,以复合感染了这2种香菇病毒的菌丝体为材料,对影响RT-PCR反应的主要因素模板浓度、引物浓度、dNTPs浓度、退火温度和循环次数等进行优化筛选,建立同时检测LeV-HKB病毒(LeV-HKB相关病毒)和LePV1病毒的多重RT-PCR检测技术。【结果】模板浓度、退火温度和循环次数对多重RT-PCR检测结果均有较大影响,而引物浓度和dNTPs浓度对检测结果的影响较小。所建立的多重RT-PCR技术在香菇核心种质病毒检测中表现为扩增目标条带清晰分明,检测结果与单重RT-PCR检测结果一致。对两种病毒的多重RT-PCR产物进行了序列测序,结果表明扩增片段序列与目标基因序列相似性在99%以上。【结论】所建立的多重RT-PCR检测体系具有较好的特异性与适用性,为室内和田间香菇病毒早期检测、病害流行的监测提供了技术储备。     

猪瘟病毒野毒株持续感染细胞模型的建立

采用猪瘟病毒野毒珠(CSFV39)感染猪肾传代细胞系PK-15,经连续传79代,建立了稳定的病毒持续感染细胞模型,获得CSFV39-PK15细胞株.用免疫荧光、RT-PCR检测、透射电镜跟踪观察了CSFV39-PK15细胞株连续传代中病毒在细胞内的存在情况.结果表明第9,29,79代细胞仍有猪瘟病毒存在,表现出病毒持续感染的基本特征.这为深入研究猪瘟病毒持续感染机理奠定了基础.     

四种广普性植物病毒高效mPCR检测方法的建立

本研究建立了能同时检测出烟草花叶病毒(TMV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)、马铃薯X病毒(PVX)和马铃薯Y病毒(PVY)的多重RT-PCR体系。TMV、CMV、PVX、PVY是四种广普性植物病毒,寄主范围广泛,并且常常发生复合侵染。本研究以上述四种病毒的CP基因部分序列设计引物,以反转录的cDNA为模板,建立多重RT-PCR反应体系,分别扩增出211～417bp的不同长度的基因片断,并通过序列测定来确认扩增序列的特异性。将反转录合成的cDNA进行浓度稀释,来对多重RT-PCR与单重RT-PCR的灵敏度进行比较,结果证明,多重RT-PCR体系能够同时快速检测这四种病毒,并且有很高的灵敏度。     

同时检测甘蔗DNA病毒和RNA病毒的多重RT-PCR方法的建立和应用

近年的调查研究表明,广西的甘蔗种植区受到多种病毒的侵染,其中包括DNA病毒和RNA病毒的同时感染。本研究以田间采集到的一株同时感染了3种RNA病毒包括高粱花叶病毒(Sorghum mosaic virus,Sr MV)、甘蔗花叶病毒(Sugarcane mosaic virus,SCMV)、甘蔗黄叶病毒(Sugarcane yellow leaf virus,SCYLV)和1种DNA病毒甘蔗杆状病毒(Sugarcane bacilliform virus,SCBV)的甘蔗样品为材料,尝试建立一种能同时检测甘蔗RNA病毒和DNA病毒的方法。根据文献报道的检测Sr MV、SCMV、SCYLV和SCBV的特异性或通用引物,经过引物配对选择和优化多重RT-PCR的反应条件,建立了能够同时检测甘蔗3种RNA病毒和1种DNA病毒复合侵染的多重RT-PCR方法。对于田间样品的检测表明,所建立的多重RT-PCR方法可以同时有效的检测出RNA病毒和DNA病毒不同组合情况下的复合感染及单独感染。建立的多重RT-PCR方法的灵敏性稍低于单独引物对检测时的灵敏度,但具有良好的特异性和重复性,适用于目前甘蔗病毒病害复合感染常发状况下的检测。     

人IL-12重组逆转录病毒载体在HeLa细胞中的表达

目的:包装携带人白细胞介素12(IL-12)的逆转录病毒,用于宫颈癌的治疗研究.方法:携带IL-12的逆转录病毒重组质粒pL35P40SN经PA317细胞包装,G418筛选.在NIH3T3细胞进行病毒滴度测定.然后用病毒感染人宫颈癌细胞HeLa.PCR、RT-PCR方法检测IL-12基因在HeLa中的整合和表达情况.结果:重组质粒pL35P40SN经PA317细胞包装后收获病毒上清,感染HeLa细胞,检测发现IL-12基因整合到细胞基因组DNA中,并且能有效的转录.结论:成功包装了携带IL-12基因的逆转录病毒,该病毒能有效感染HeLa细胞,并使携带的基因IL-12在细胞中表达,为今后IL-12基因治疗宫颈癌的研究奠定基础.     

苹果茎沟病毒的提纯和检测

用生物学和血清学方法从苹果分离鉴定出苹果茎沟病毒G-2和TC-3分离物,采用皂土澄清、15％蔗糖垫超离心、10％～40％蔗糖梯度离心等步骤,获得提纯的病毒样品,紫外吸收比值A_(260/280)为1.15。13％SDS-PAGE法测定的病毒外壳蛋白分子量为31000。用提纯的苹果茎沟病毒G-2分离物制备的兔抗血清,PTA-ELISA测定的效价为1/64000,特异性强。用PAS-ELISA可成功地检测出苹果茎沟病毒,此外还试验了DAS-ELISA,并证明其检测苹果茎沟病毒的效果与PAS-ELISA一致。     

一种可药物筛选及体内检测的新型慢病毒基因治疗载体的构建

为实现基因治疗过程中的有效药物筛选及体内检测, 首次利用核糖体内部进入位点(IRES)构建了同时携带O6-烷基鸟嘌呤-DNA烷基转移酶(MGMT)的突变型P140K基因和荧光素酶(Luciferase)基因的慢病毒载体pBobi-MIL。RT-PCR、免疫荧光、药物筛选克隆形成及化学发光检测等实验结果表明感染重组慢病毒L-MIL的细胞能同时表达MGMT及Luciferase。构建成功的新型慢病毒载体为今后的基因治疗奠定了基础, 也为慢病毒滴度的确定提供了一种新的可能。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.