根癌土壤杆菌SCUEC1菌株尼古丁降解代谢中agnE基因的克隆与功能鉴定

【目的】本研究对尼古丁降解菌根癌土壤杆菌SCUEC1菌株中agnE基因进行克隆表达,并对agnE基因表达蛋白进行功能鉴定。【方法】通过PCR扩增获得agn 全长基因(1029 bp),构建重组质粒pET28a-agnE,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)菌株进行异源表达,采用SDS-PAGE检测重组蛋白。以2,5-二羟基吡啶作为反应底物,在检测波长320 nm下测定反应液吸光度值,进一步研究温度、pH值和金属离子对AgnE蛋白酶活性的影响。【结果】克隆得到基因agnE,构建了p ET28a-agnE重组质粒并进行了表达,AgnE蛋白分子量为42.0 kDa,表达蛋白以包涵体形式存在于细胞中。酶促反应0、5、10、20 min时反应液吸光度分别为0.6170、0.2273、0.0907、0.0667。在pH 8.0、温度20°C下,AgnE蛋白具有较高的2,5-二羟基吡啶双加氧酶活性,且Fe2+对酶活性具有明显的促进作用。【结论】明确了Agn E蛋白具有2,5-二羟基吡啶双加氧酶活性。     

抗性库蚊酯酶基因在大肠杆菌中的克隆和表达

用抗性库蚊酯酶基因,引入原核表达载体pRL439,转化大肠杆菌HB101细胞,获得表达。通过酶切、Southern杂交鉴定重组质粒。研究了重组菌酯酶的活性,重组质粒pRLB1表达的酯酶具有高酶活并能高效降解酯酶的特异性底物α乙酸萘酯(αNA)和β乙酸萘酯(βNA);经对重组菌进行细胞固定化后降解农药三氯杀虫酯(7504),反应时间短,降解效率高     

嗜热细菌Clostridium thermocellum阿魏酸酯酶基因的克隆、异源表达及酶学特性分析

【目的】阐明嗜热细菌Clostridium thermocellum Xyn Z蛋白的阿魏酸酯酶催化域的酶学特性,为其在生物质能源及其它发酵工业中的应用奠定基础。【方法】分别构建了C.thermocellum Xyn Z的阿魏酸酯酶催化域(FAE)及该阿魏酸酯酶催化域和碳水化合物结合域(FAE-CBM6)编码基因的原核表达载体,并在大肠杆菌菌株BL21(DE3)中异源表达,在此基础上分析比较了温度、pH、底物、金属离子及CBM6结合域对阿魏酸酯酶活性的影响。【结果】重组FAE酶及FAE-CBM6酶发挥催化活性的适宜pH值为5.0-9.0,适宜温度为50-70°C,它们对不同金属离子的响应有差异。【结论】在同一反应条件下,FAE-CBM6酶的酶活均比FAE高,说明CBM6结合域的存在对于阿魏酸酯酶活性有促进作用。     

黑曲霉h408阿魏酸酯酶基因的克隆及在毕赤酵母中的高效表达

【目的】实现在巴斯德毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)中高效表达黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)h408阿魏酸酯酶A基因(AnfaeA),并对重组酶特性进行表征。【方法】采用重叠延伸PCR扩增黑曲霉h408的阿魏酸酯酶A基因。将AnfaeA基因和毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K连接,成功构建重组质粒pPIC9K-Anfae,经线性化后电转化P.pastoris GS115,透明圈法筛选活性高的转化子后进行诱导表达。利用紫外吸收法测定温度及pH对重组阿魏酸酯酶活性的影响。【结果】成功从A.niger h408中克隆得到阿魏酸酯酶A的cDNA基因(GenBank:KF911349),并实现了其在P.pastoris GS115中的高效表达。该基因长度为783bp,含有1个开放阅读框架(ORF),编码260个氨基酸,Blast分析显示该基因和GenBank中黑曲霉阿魏酸酯酶序列同源性为99%。翻译的氨基酸序列含有脂酶典型的活性盖子和催化三联体结构。从转化板上获得1株编号为pPIC9K-Anfae5的转化子阿魏酸酯酶活性最高,酶活达24.72 U/mL,比活力为40.84 U/mg,比黑曲霉出发菌株(22.1 mU/mL)提高了1100倍左右。重组阿魏酸酯酶的最适pH为5.0,且在pH 4.0-9.0稳定性较好;最适反应温度50℃,在40-60℃时较稳定。【结论】阿魏酸酯酶在毕赤酵母中的高效分泌表达为其在饲料工业和造纸工业等工业化应用提供了前提,也为后续改进酶学特性的定向进化奠定实验基础。     

一株降解纤维素放线菌的产纤维素酶基因克隆与表达

【背景】纤维素在自然界中储量丰富,但天然纤维素的难降解性成为广泛应用纤维素资源的壁垒,近年来利用微生物来降解纤维素成为热点研究。【目的】筛选分离得到一株具有降解纤维素功能的放线菌菌株Lb1,通过全基因组测序确定其产纤维素酶关键基因5676,对基因5676进行克隆转化,使其在大肠杆菌中进行表达。【方法】通过基因工程技术将产纤维素基因连接到表达质粒上并导入表达菌株,对其降解纤维素生成葡萄糖的能力进行探究。【结果】将Lb1菌株的16S rRNA基因进行比对,确定菌株Lb1属于链霉菌属,命名为Streptomyces sp. Lb1。成功构建出纤维素酶表达载体,并且导入表达菌株大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),重组菌株的产纤维素酶能力大于空载菌株。【结论】通过基因工程技术成功克隆出产纤维素酶基因,从而表达纤维素酶,为今后利用微生物降解纤维素的大规模应用提供参考。     

Sulfolobus acidocaldarius DHH超家族核酸酶Saci0542的酶学特征研究

【目的】以嗜酸嗜热硫化叶菌Sulfolobus acidocaldarius的DHH超家族核酸酶（Saci0542）为例,研究其核酸外切酶活性特点,为阐明其在DNA代谢中的具体功能提供生化基础。【方法】将嗜酸嗜热硫化叶菌DHH超家族核酸酶Saci0542基因在大肠杆菌中重组表达,经亲和层析纯化得到电泳纯的重组蛋白;利用荧光标记的寡核苷酸作为底物,用尿素变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,鉴定Saci0542的酶学特征。【结果】重组表达的DHH超家族核酸酶Saci0542具有典型的单链核酸特异性的3’-5’外切酶活性。进一步酶学特征表征结果如下:酶活性依赖于二价金属离子Mn²⁺,而Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Zn²⁺等二价金属离子对活性没有明显的促进作用;Saci0542在pH5.5–10的广泛范围内均表现出较高酶活性;高于200 mmol/L的NaCl强烈抑制酶活性;最适反应温度为50–55℃;末端磷酸基团抑制3’-5’外切酶活性。【结论】本研究证实,Saci0542是一种Mn²⁺依赖型3’-...     

来源于海洋细菌Altererythrobacter luteolus SW109T的新型酯酶E29的克隆表达及其酶学性质

【目的】克隆表达一个来源于海洋细菌的酯酶E29,并研究其酶学性质。【方法】从细菌Altererythrobacter luteolus SW109T中筛选并扩增出一个酯酶基因,将其克隆至p SMT3载体上,并将重组质粒转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行异源表达,分析表达产物的酶学性质。【结果】氨基酸序列分析结果表明,酯酶E29属于脂类水解酶第二家族(Family II)。酶学性质分析结果显示,酯酶E29的最适反应底物为对硝基苯酚丁酸酯,最适反应温度为45°C,最适反应pH为8.5;10 mmol/L的Co~(2+)和Mn~(2+)及15%的异丙醇和乙腈能强烈抑制酯酶E29的活性,1%的SDS能使酶失活,甘油的存在能促进酶活性。【结论】酯酶E29是一个海洋来源的新型酯酶,其具有较高的酶活力值、较宽的底物谱以及对部分有机溶剂和金属离子较好的耐受性,在工业方面具有潜在的应用价值。     

转解毒酶基因工程菌的构建及酶活性分析

实验构建了能高效降解有机磷、有机氯等四大类农药的转解毒酶基因工程菌。将抗性库蚊解毒酶酯酶B1基因片段引入融合表达载体pThioHisA中,转化入大肠杆菌DH5α,在IPTG诱导下,经过8 h,酯酶B1在大肠杆菌中的获得融合高效表达。研究了工程菌的酶酯活性,重组质粒pThioHisA-B1表达的酯酶融合蛋白具有较高的酯酶B1活性,能高效降解酯酶的特异性底物α-乙酸萘酯(-αNA)和β-乙酸萘酯(-βNA),该工程菌将为农药污染的生物治理提供新手段。     

来源于芽孢杆菌HJ14耐热酯酶的克隆表达、酶学性质及降解邻苯二甲酸二乙酯研究北大核心CSCD

【目的】克隆芽孢杆菌HJ14的酯酶基因Est Z1并利用大肠杆菌表达得到相应的酯酶,分析重组酯酶的酶学性质和对邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(Diethyl phthalate,DEP)的降解。【方法】特异性扩增酯酶基因Est Z1并对其全长测序,分析其氨基酸序列。利用p EASY-E2表达系统将Est Z1转化到Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)中完成异源表达。根据组氨酸标签纯化Est Z1,研究其酶学性质并利用HPLC和LC/MS检测系统定性分析其对DEP的降解。【结果】Est Z1全长903 bp,编码300个氨基酸残基,蛋白分子量33.84 k Da。Est Z1氨基酸序列分析结果显示,与NCBI数据库收录的HSL-like家族酯酶相似度最高可达到98%。酶学性质分析结果显示,Est Z1可水解碳链长度较短的p-NP底物,最适底物为p-NPC4(p-NP butyrate)。Est Z1的最适p H和最适温度分别为9.0和50°C,并且在p H 7.0–9.5和40–70°C范围内保持50%以上的酶活,为耐热碱性酯酶。Est Z1对多数金属离子和化学试剂保有良好的抗性。Est Z1可将DEP水解生成相应的单酯和醇。【结论】本文报道了Bacillus sp.HJ14来源的酯酶基因并对其在大肠杆菌中表达获得的重组酶的酶学性质进行研究,Est Z1具有良好的碱性p H耐受性和热稳定性,能够部分降解DEP,本研究对邻苯二甲酸酯类的生物降解有一定的参考意义。     

海鲍分离微生物Acinetobacter sp.酯酶基因的表达和酶学性质

【目的】克隆源于海鲍内脏中一株不动杆菌Acinetobacter sp.的酯酶基因estA,并对其进行重组表达和性质研究。【方法】利用分子生物学技术克隆出酯酶基因estA并构建pPICZα-C-estA重组表达载体,并通过电转化方法将重组质粒转入毕赤酵母X33中;通过甲醇诱导培养重组菌获得重组酯酶,并对重组酯酶进行生化表征。【结果】克隆得到的estA基因序列全长912 bp,编码304个氨基酸;重组X33发酵上清液中酯酶酶活力达到1 200 U/L,重组酯酶的分子量约为33.7 kD;酶学性质研究表明重组酯酶催化底物对硝基苯乙酸乙酯水解反应的最适pH和温度为8.0和40?C,在pH 8.0-10.0温度及小于60?C时具有较好的稳定性。【结论】成功克隆了海洋来源的不动杆菌酯酶基因并在Pichia pastoris中实现了高效表达。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.