CRISPR/Cas9与心血管疾病

CRISPR(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9(CRISPR-associated proteins)作为一种新型基因组编辑技术,为解释疾病的发生机制和治疗疾病提供了新方法。来自Ⅱ型原核CRISPR系统的CRISPR/Cas9能够通过单链向导RNA(single guide RNA, sgRNA)将Cas9核酸酶靶定到特定的基因组序列发挥作用。已经被成功用来进行基因编辑构建疾病模型,以进行相关领域的功能研究和疾病的治疗。CRISPR/Cas9技术正在迅速的应用于生物医学研究的各个领域,包括心血管领域,它促进了人们对电生理、心肌病、心律失常以及其他心血管疾病的更多了解,已经创建了靶向很多基因的细胞和动物模型,为新一类疗法打开了大门。本综述介绍了CRISPR/Cas9的作用原理、优点和局限性,以及在心血管疾病中的应用进展。     

Hippo信号通路与心血管发育及疾病调控

心血管疾病已成为中国乃至全球首位死亡原因,探索心血管系统发育及调控异常的原因及相关机制可以为心血管疾病的预防和治疗提供重要的科学依据。Hippo信号通路是新近发现的在调节器官大小、细胞增殖及凋亡、干细胞命运等方面具有重要功能的一条信号通路。Hippo信号通路的不同成分参与心脏血管的发育和心血管细胞增殖、分化等功能调控,影响损伤后修复及再生等过程,该通路调节异常可引起心血管疾病,如心梗、心肌肥大、血管内膜增生、动脉硬化等。本文综述了Hippo信号通路对心血管系统发育和疾病调控的相关研究及最新进展,以期为Hippo通路在心血管疾病的发病机制及临床转化研究提供潜在的理论基础。     

心血管系统生物学研究进展

在后基因组时代中,系统生物学是最受关注的领域之一.系统医学生物学是系统生物学的一个重要的分支和组成部分,主要研究的对象是人体、疾病和防治措施.由于心血管疾病突出的重要性,研究人员正致力于心血管系统生物学的研究.本文综述了心血管系统生物学主要的研究课题,总结了用以整合数据的方法和策略,心血管系统模型的类型和应用,建模的工具和标准,未来的发展方向,以及心血管系统生物学可能将面临的一些挑战.     

CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术在阿尔茨海默病研究中的应用

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease, AD)是一种与基因和环境等多因素相关的神经退行性疾病,其发病机理复杂,目前也鲜有针对AD的治疗药物。CRISPR/Cas9是基于DNA重组修复原理的第三代基因编辑技术,该技术已经成功地应用于斑马鱼、啮齿类动物基因组的编辑,将其应用于AD有助于推动AD发病机理和治疗方法的研究。该文在介绍CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术的基础上,综述了该技术在AD病理模型构建、致病风险因素筛查、治疗靶标寻找和靶向治疗等方面的研究和应用进展。     

阿司匹林在动脉硬化性心血管疾病中应用进展

阿司匹林作为抗血小板聚集的药物广泛应用于动脉硬化性心血管疾病的预防和治疗,但在临床应用中尚存在着一些误区和争论。本文就阿司匹林应用在动脉硬化性心血管疾病中的作用及机理、用药方法、药理基础、主要副作用及阿司匹林抵抗等问题进行综述。     

心导管室进修护士培训方法探讨

随着心血管疾病发病率的增高及介入诊疗在心血管病治疗领域的广泛应用,许多医院都开展了心血管介入治疗.为了保证医疗质量和医疗安全,2007年7月,卫生部颁布了〈心血管疾病介入诊疗技术管理规范〉[1],加强对心血管疾病介入诊疗技术的管理,规范心血管疾病介入诊疗行为.     

基因组编辑技术在植物中的研究进展与应用前景

外源DNA导入细胞并与基因组靶基因发生同源重组可以精确修饰或替换靶基因,但在植物中产生自发同源重组的概率很低.近几年出现的人工改造核酸酶可以大幅提高同源重组的效率,实现基因组的精确、定向改造.其中,归巢核酸酶、锌指核酸酶和TALE核酸酶已在植物基因工程中得到成功应用,最近开发出来的基于CRISPR/Cas系统的基因组编辑技术则更具有高效方便等特点.这些人工核酸酶的应用为植物基因工程的发展呈现了更加美好的前景.首先介绍了基因组编辑技术及其发展历程,随后详细阐述了提高植物基因组定点编辑效率的策略,最后对基因组编辑技术在农业和植物基因工程上的应用进行了展望.     

人G-CSF基因组基因的克隆和序列测定

粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)是一种定向作用于粒系祖细胞的造血生长因子,它能特异性地刺激和调节粒细胞系统的增殖、分化、存活和活化,对治疗各种原因引起的粒细胞减少症具有显著疗效。许多研究者对G-CSF cDNA在大肠杆菌和其它表达系统中进行了研究,但应用G-CSF基因组基因所做的有关表达方面的研究为数不多。本研究利用PCR技术,在扩增出含有信号肽序列入基因组G-CSF基因的基     

DNA剪刀——TALEN和CRISPR/Cas

对基因组中特定位点进行修饰的实验手段称为基因组编辑。它在研究基因的功能和基因修复以及细胞替代治疗上有广泛的应用前景。该文将回顾基因组编辑技术的最新进展和应用,着重介绍两种最新出现的序列特异核酸酶——TALEN和CRISPR／Cas在基因组编辑技术中的应用。     

MicroRNAs在心血管自噬中的调节作用

自噬作为一种进化上高度保守的细胞降解途径,其调节异常与心血管疾病的发生、发展密切相关.研究显示,在心血管系统中,基础水平自噬对维持心肌正常收缩和传导至关重要,而在缺血/再灌注损伤和心力衰竭等心血管病理状态下,自噬水平明显增强.细胞自噬是一种多基因参与的复杂过程,近年来越来越多的证据表明,microRNAs(miRNAs)在心血管系统发育、正常生理功能维持以及不同心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease,CVDs)自噬中具有重要调节作用.本文通过对miRNAs与CVDs自噬调节方面的进展进行归纳,针对miRNAs对CVDs自噬的潜在机制进行总结,望为心血管疾病的诊断和治疗提供新的方向.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.