基因工程菌高密度发酵工艺研究进展

阐述了基因工程菌高密度发酵工艺的几个主要影响因素,包括重组菌构建、培养条件、生长抑制因子以及它们的控制技术。通过高密度发酵可以提高细胞生长密度、目的蛋白的表达含量。在高密度发酵过程中,会产生一些有害抑制代谢副产物,但通过分批补料可以降低影响。     

重组大肠杆菌高密度、高表达研究进展

高密度发酵因其节约、高效等诸多优点而成为近年来发酵工业重要的研究热点之一。要实现重组大肠杆菌高密度发酵,不仅要考虑工程菌自身的表达性能,还必须兼顾能促进基因工程菌生长和产物表达的最适培养条件,包括较佳的培养基组成、适宜的补料策略、培养温度、pH值、溶解氧等。该文就影响大肠杆菌高密度发酵的影响因子、工艺条件等进行综述,并探讨了大肠杆菌高密度发酵的工艺改进方向。     

重组大肠杆菌的分批补料培养方法

在重组大肠杆菌的培养过程中,存在着菌体的高浓度与外源蛋白的高表达这一矛盾,使得重组菌的比生长速率通常远远低于宿主菌,限制了基因工程菌由实验室规模向工业化规模的转变。要实现重组大肠杆菌的高密度培养,最常用和最有效的方法就是分批补料流加培养。     

基因工程菌生产重组人组织因子的发酵研究

根据表达重组人组织因子基因工程菌的自身特点,在30L发酵罐上,通过控制发酵pH、葡萄糖浓度、诱导物磷酸浓度、搅拌速度及采用分批补料等方法,对重组人组织因子基因工程菌高密度发酵和高效表达的条件进行了研究。实验结果表明:诱导物终浓度低于0.1mmol/L,菌体密度OD60014,发酵周期10.5h,基因工程菌批发酵平均产量为37.41g/L,重组人组织因子表达量为6.56 mg/L。关键词:基因工程菌;高密度发酵;组织因子     

重组大肠杆菌高密度发酵研究进展

重组大肠杆菌的高密度发酵是提高基因工程产品产量的一个非常有铲的手段,是现代发酵工程研究的一个热点。本文就高密度发酵中影响重组大肠杆菌发酵产率的几个因素,包括宿主菌、培养基、培养条件、补料方法以及高密度发酵过程中存在的问题和对策加以讨论,着重探讨了高密度下大肠杆菌产生的有害代副产物－－乙酸的产生机制、抑制作用机理,以及控制乙酸机累的技术方法。     

大肠杆菌工程菌高密度发酵生产L-抗坏血酸-2-葡糖苷酶

为提高大肠杆菌基因工程菌E.coli-p ET21a高密度培养生产L-抗坏血酸-2-葡糖苷酶产量,采用摇瓶培养的方法,通过考察培养液菌体量和酶产量,筛选适用于E.coli-p ET21a液体深层发酵的培养基。50 L发酵罐采用适用于工业化大生产的搅拌、供氧、p H控制和过程补料方式,进行液体深层发酵放大培养,大幅度提高酶产量。通过优化发酵过程控制p H和诱导温度,发酵液酶活提高至88 U/m L,达到摇瓶培养的10.1倍。研究结果对大肠杆菌基因工程菌高密度培养,高效表达生物酶有重要的参考价值。     

重组大肠杆菌高密度发酵研究进展

重组大肠杆菌的高密度发酵是提高基因工程产品产量的一个非常有效的手段,是现代发酵工程研究的一个热点。本文就高密度发酵中影响重组大肠杆菌发酵产率的几个因素,包括宿主菌、培养基、培养条件、补料方法以及高密度发酵过程中存在的问题和对策加以讨论,着重探讨了高密度下大肠杆菌产生的有害代谢副产物———乙酸的产生机制、抑制作用机理,以及控制乙酸积累的技术方法 。     

重组大肠埃希菌发酵工艺的影响因素及策略

重组大肠埃希菌的高密度发酵是现代发酵工程研究的一个热点 ,也是基因工程产品大规模生产的重要技术。采用高密度培养技术 (Ｈｉｇｈｃｅｌｌ ｄｅｎｓｉｔｙｃｕｌｔｒｅ,ＨＣＤＣ) ,也就是高密度发酵技术 ,提高菌体的发酵密度 ,最终提高产物的比生产率 ,不仅可减少培养体积、优化下游分离提取 ,还可以缩短生产周期、降低生产成本 ,从而极大地提高在市场上的竞争力。这一目的的实现 ,除了重组菌本身的表达性质外 ,还必须赋予重组菌生长和产物表达的最适环境条件 ,包括适宜的培养基组成、宿主菌的选择、补料的调控、代谢副产物的限制、比生…     

基因工程菌稳定性的若干影响因素

质粒的稳定性问题是基因工程技术工业化的瓶颈,该文介绍基因工程菌的构建、培养基的选择、周期培养、固定化培养、高密度培养等方面对基因工程菌稳定性的影响。     

基因工程菌发酵研究进展

基因工程菌发酵主要目标是获取高产外源基因表达蛋白。介绍并分析了基因工程菌发酵过程中表达系统、培养基、温度、pH值、溶解氧和诱导条件等因素对发酵的影响;论述了工程菌高密度培养所需的培养方式,并总结了基因工程菌发酵领域近年来的一些进展。     

Epidemiology of raccoon rabies in Virginia, 1984 to 1989.

Geographical and temporal trends in reports of rabid raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Virginia were summarized for 1984 to 1989; 3,256 raccoons were submitted for rabies testing, of which 1,053 (32.3%) had rabies. Both the absolute number of rabid raccoons and the percent of rabid raccoons (number rabid divided by number submitted) were examined for seasonal and yearly trends. Geographically, the epidemic moved eastward and southward in the state. The seasonal trend showed bimodal peaks in late winter and early fall and a seasonal low in summer. The percent of rabies positive raccoons peaked 1 mo earlier than the absolute number of rabies positive raccoons. The peak in the number of rabies positive raccoons occurred in 1987, while the percent of rabies positive raccoons peaked in 1986. These trends were used to recommend timing and placement of oral vaccine as one strategy to control raccoon rabies in wildlife.     

On non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination and interpretation of the matorral vegetation in lowland Murcía

The plant-environment relationships in a range of matorral communities, having different rainfall conditions in semi-arid lowland habitats in Murcía, S.E. Spain, were examined using the non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination technique. Hypotheses on floristic variations were derived based on an interpretative strategy which involved a site configuration rotation, followed by stepwise multiple regression analysis. An environmental data set was used to isolate variables associated with site co-ordinate trends. Results showed that floristic variation in these communities was mainly determined by aspect induced radiation receipt. Besides, most environmental trends in the study areas were found to be oblique to original site ordination axes and configuration rotation seemed to be a prerequisite in quantitative interpretation. The interpretative strategy introduced in this study was effective. It enhanced straightforward, quantitative and objective interpretation whereby inductive inferences on environmental trends could be readily formulated.Abbreviations ARAD radiation receipt surrogate - DEPTH soil depth - DISTURB disturbance index - NMDS non-metric multidimensional scaling - NUT nutrient scalar - SLOPE slope angle - TEXTIN texture index     

Evidence that reducing mammalian predators is beneficial for threatened and declining New Zealand grasshoppers

We evaluate evidence that reducing mammalian predators benefits threatened and declining grasshoppers in the Mackenzie Basin, New Zealand. Long-term population trends of Sigaus minutus are investigated under three control regimes: high intensity, indirect control through prey reduction and no control. We then test whether predator control benefits conservation management of Brachaspis robustus by translocating wild-caught individuals to areas of moderate versus no predator control. A significant positive trend in S. minutus counts occurred under high intensity and indirect control, suggesting that mammalian predator control is beneficial. Differences in the decline of translocated B. robustus were observed between moderate and no predator control release sites but could not be unequivocally attributed to predator densities. We recommend replicated predator control studies be undertaken to develop a predator management strategy which will enable grasshopper recovery, and investigate the potential for meso-predator release and prey-switching under regimes that target specific mammals.     

Mechanism of biofilm formation on a hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene membrane during the purification of surface water using direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD), with especial interest in the feed properties

Abstract

The impact of feed water quality on biofilm formation during membrane distillation (MD) was investigated in this study, particularly emphasizing the interrelationship between organics, salts, and microbes. Two types of typical natural surface waters in Nanjing, China, were chosen as feed solutions for long-term MD operation, including the Qinhuai River and Xuanwu Lake. The biofilms that developed under different feed water qualities exhibited distinct Foulant compositions and structures, causing different flux decline trends for the MD system. Accordingly, two typical patterns of biofilm formation were suggested for the MD operation of the two different kinds of surface waters in this study. Organics from a primal feed solution and dead bacteria were the key to the establishment of a biofilm on the membrane, and this needs to be effectively removed from the MD system through pre-treatment and process control strategies. Finally, a feasible strategy for MD biofouling control was suggested.     

饲料生物技术研究进展及发展趋势

应用生物工程技术,提高饲料工业的技术水平和企业的生产水平,符合经济全球化和竞争国际化发展战略及对策的需求。综述了利用基因工程、发酵工程等高科技手段在酶制剂、维生素、益生菌和益生元等高效饲料添加剂上的研究进展情况,以及饲料生物技术未来的几个重点发展方向 。     

The feeding strategy of dab Limanda limanda in the southern North Sea: linking stomach contents to prey availability in the environment

The feeding strategy of dab Limanda limanda was investigated within a predefined research area in the southern North Sea for 2 years. The aims were: 1) to establish the relationship between prey availability and dab abundance, distribution, body condition and prey selection, and 2) to determine the underlying functional processes of prey choice in dab. Temporal and spatial trends of prey availability in relation to dab abundances, distribution, condition and prey selection were analysed. Temporal trends in dab condition, percentage of empty stomachs and numbers of ingested prey were apparent. In particular in the winter period 2000–2001 dab were in poor condition and prey items were only rarely found in stomachs. Similarly prey availability decreased in the environment while the abundance of dab increased. Thus, temporal changes in the nutritive state were partly thought to be attributed to density‐dependent effects. The stomach composition of dab during the two consecutive summers was mainly dominated by Pariambus typicus and Ophiura albida while in the winter period only O. albida made a significant contribution to the stomach content. Analysis of prey characteristics indicated that only prey densities in the environment significantly influenced prey choice in dab, while other characteristics such as the position of the prey in the habitat, its palatability or mobility did not have significant effects. The feeding strategy of dab thus was highly opportunistic, although trends were apparent that suggested that buried living fauna was less likely to be ingested, which was also observed in previous studies.     

Total synthesis of antibiotics: recent achievements, limitations, and perspectives

Several recently accomplished total syntheses of antibiotic natural products were summarized in this review in order to present current trends in this area of research. Compounds from different substance classes, including polyketide, depsipeptide, polyketide–polypeptide hybrid, and saccharide, were chosen to demonstrate the advancement in both chemical methodology and corresponding synthetic strategy.     

试论东北地区农业节水与农业水资源可持续利用

针对振兴东北老工业基地大背景下的东北地区水资源紧缺状况,通过对农业水资源和农业节水潜力的系统分析,提出了东北地区的系统农业节水战略．根据东北地区农业生产特点和农业发展需求,进行节水农业分区,确定不同农业类型区节水高效栽培模式与关键集成技术体系．论述了东北地区农业水资源可持续利用系统学方略和实施系统节水治水工程的必要性,以及农业节水研究的发展趋势．     

Forced copulation in captive mallards (Anas platyrhynchos): II. Temporal factors

A study of temporal trends in forced copulation was conducted in flight-pens with eight pairs of captive mallards to test the hypothesis that forced copulation is an evolved breeding strategy in waterfowl. Significantly more forced copulation attempts were directed at females during egg-laying than during the non-laying period preceding laying, and few forced copulations occurred after the laying of the last egg of the clutch. Most forced copulations occurred in the morning when the females were leaving the nests after egg-laying. Thus, forced copulations occurred at times when fertilization was most likely to result, supporting the insemination strategy hypothesis.     

Computational modelling of visual attention

Five important trends have emerged from recent work on computational models of focal visual attention that emphasize the bottom-up, image-based control of attentional deployment. First, the perceptual saliency of stimuli critically depends on the surrounding context. Second, a unique 'saliency map' that topographically encodes for stimulus conspicuity over the visual scene has proved to be an efficient and plausible bottom-up control strategy. Third, inhibition of return, the process by which the currently attended location is prevented from being attended again, is a crucial element of attentional deployment. Fourth, attention and eye movements tightly interplay, posing computational challenges with respect to the coordinate system used to control attention. And last, scene understanding and object recognition strongly constrain the selection of attended locations. Insights from these five key areas provide a framework for a computational and neurobiological understanding of visual attention.