RU5区对BFV3026基因表达的调控

以牛泡沫病毒(Bovine foamy virus, BFV)中国株BFV3026原病毒DNA为材料,构建R区系列缺失质粒, 通过对其转染细胞中RT水平及对缺失质粒与luc报告质粒共转染细胞中萤火虫荧光素酶活性的测定,确立U5区对于BFV3026两类启动子LTR和IP均具有负调控作用;同时将带有不同R区的BFV3026结构基因片段克隆于异源启动子CMV之下,通过对其转染细胞293T中RT酶活性的测定,确立R区对于病毒结构基因pol的表达具有一定的调节作用,并将其功能区域初步界定在R区5′端100bp内.     

牛泡沫病毒BFV3026细胞感染性的确立及包装细胞系的建立

分别将牛泡沫病毒BFV3026接种于胎牛肺细咆(FBL）、牛肺细咆系(BL12)、新生牛肾细胞(NBK)、兔肺细胞(RL)、人乳腺癌上皮细咆(MCF)、293T、HeLa、CV-1、CHO等9种细胞,通过对它们及其传代细胞的病变观察-RT—PCR检测,确立BFV3026对这9种细胞的感染。并以BFV3026原病毒DNA为模板,通过PCR构建以pcDNA3．1(-)为载体的gag—pol、env真核表达质粒共转染BL12细胞,经G418持续筛选,获得8个Neo^R细胞克隆RT—PCR及包装实验证实：其中7个细胞克隆能有效行使包装辅助功能。     

犬2型腺病毒E3区表达载体的构建

利用构建的犬2型腺病毒E3区缺失质粒pBE3L分别构建了含有和不含外源性启动子的绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）基因和在犬病病毒糖蛋白（Rgp）基因的重组表达质粒pBE3LGFP、pBE3LCGFP、pBE3LRgp和pBE3LCPgp,并分别对DK细胞进行了转染实验,以检测其表达,结果显示,pBE3LCGFP质粒在转染DK细胞后,于36h即可观察到荧光,72～96h无明显差别,传3代后仍可见表达荧光的细胞,pBE3LCRgp质粒转染DK细胞后,于48～96h用间接免疫荧光染色可检测到糖蛋白的表达,而pBE3LGFP和pBE3Rgp质粒转染DK细胞后经检测均无表达,表明构建的E3区缺失性载体不能利用E3区自身的启动子进行目的基因的表达,但利用外源性的启动子可使外源基因获得良好表达。     

登革2型病毒PrM基因的重组甲病毒RNA介导的抗病毒作用的研究

将扩增的登革 2型病毒株PrM基因导入pSFV载体的SP6启动子下游 ,筛选出含该基因正、反向插入的重组质粒DNA。用SpeI酶分别将重组的和辅助的质粒DNA线性化 ,并将其体外转录成 5′末端含帽子结构的RNA。再将这两种RNA共转染BHK细胞。然后将转染的宿主细胞用登革 2型病毒株攻击 ,并分别观察含正、反义PrM基因的重组甲病毒RNA介导的抗病毒效果。通过碱基序列测定 ,筛选出含PrM基因正、反向插入的pSFV PrM重组质粒。并获得了经重组RNA与辅助RNA共转染细胞而产生的重组病毒颗粒。含有反义PrM基因的重组病毒RNA ,在宿主细胞中具有抗登革 2型病毒复制的作用 ,而且强于含正义PrM基因的重组病毒RNA。     

ZNF268基因启动子区的克隆及功能分析

锌指基因家族是人体中最大的基因家族,它参与细胞分化、胚胎发育,并与许多疾病的发生相关。人类ZNF268基因是一个在人胚肝中特异性表达的C2H2型锌指基因,并可能在人的早期肝脏发育中起重要作用。为了研究ZNF268基因表达调控的分子机制,以正常人总基因组为模板PCR扩增了ZNF268基因的5′调控区2533bp片段,并将此片段插入启动子缺失的EGFP(增强型绿色荧光蛋白)载体构建了重组质粒pZNF268—EGFP。用脂质体介导的方法将pZNF268—EGFP转染NIH／3T3、COS7、K562、HeLa4个细胞系。在激光共聚焦显微镜下观察绿色荧光的表达,发现在每个细胞系中,转染了重组质粒pZNF268—EGFP的细胞均有荧光表达,但其起始表达时间均晚于转染了阳性对照质粒pEGFP—C1的细胞且荧光较弱。这表明ZNF268基因的5′调控区2．5kb片段是一个有功能的启动子,但该启动子与CMV启动子相比活性较弱。选择易培养的HeLa细胞系用于缺失研究。将一系列5′端—2456bp至—20bp缺失、3′端均为 77bp的缺失片段插入启动子缺失的CAT(氯酶素酰胺转移酶)载体构建了一系列重组质粒。将这些重组质粒转染HeLa细胞系进行缺失分析,并通过共转染pCMV—Sport—βgal质粒校正转染效率。结果表明,ZNF268启动子—2456～—1639bp区域可能含有正调控元件,—1244～—1013bp和—525～—156bp区域可能含有负调控元件,ZNF268启动子激活转录的一个重要区域位于—156～—20bp。     

氯霉素乙酰基转移酶基因在家蚕核型多角体病毒P10基因启动子控制下的表达

昆虫核型多角体病毒(NPV)P10基因属于晚期基因,为强启动子所控制,又是病毒复制所非必需的基因。我们对前报的家蚕核型多角体病毒(BmNPV)P10基因,应用PCR技术进行ATG区定点突变,在ATG被突变的同时形成一个BglⅡ酶切位点,得到一个不含ATG的BmNPV P10基因启动子。将长为230bp的经突变后的BmNPV P10基因5’端(包括启动子所有特征)片段克隆进pMMTV·CAT质粒中,构建成一个CAT基因在BmNPV P10基因启动子控制下的pBmPl0·CAT瞬间表达质粒。该质粒通过转染进入经野生型BmNPV感染的BmN细胞中,CAT得以表达。证明BmNPV P10启动子是比较强的启动子,可以在BmN细胞表达外源基因,具备了作为表达载体启动子的特性。     

表达绿色荧光蛋白的重组鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的构建

为探讨鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)作为载体表达外源基因的可行性,本研究根据IBV H120疫苗株的全基因组序列设计引物,采用RT-PCR方法分10个片段对其基因组进行扩增,并克隆至pMD19-T载体中;同时构建IBV基因组5a基因编码区被增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)基因替换的重组质粒。采用体外拼接策略,将BsaI酶切处理的10个基因片段顺序连接,构建5a基因编码区被EGFP基因替换的基因组全长cDNA,其5’端具有完整的T7 RNA聚合酶启动子核心序列,3’端具有polyA尾巴结构。然后通过T7 RNA聚合酶体外转录系统合成病毒基因组RNA,脂质体转染BHK-21细胞进行病毒拯救。结果表明成功的从基因组全长cDNA拯救出重组病毒H120-5a/EGFP株,其在鸡胚中能有效的复制和传代,并表达绿色荧光蛋白;5a基因的缺失并不影响病毒对鸡胚的致病性。本研究为进一步开展IBV的分子致病机理、载体疫苗等研究奠定了基础。     

登革3型病毒prM-E基因重组质粒DNA的构建和真核表达

构建登革 3型病毒 prM E基因的真核表达重组质粒 ,并进行体外表达 ,为登革DNA疫苗的研究奠定基础。用RT -PCR法获得 prM -E基因片段 ,然后将其克隆到真核表达载体中。用电穿孔法将重组质粒DNA转入BHK细胞 ,通过免疫荧光法检测外源基因在真核细胞中的表达。结果 ,通过酶切和序列测定证实了构建的重组质粒DNA含序列正确的 prM- E基因。用免疫荧光法检测到转染了重组质粒DNA的BHK细胞的胞浆中有登革 3型病毒特异蛋白的表达。说明含有登革 3型病毒prM -E基因的真核表达重组质粒可以在BHK细胞中表达 ,该结果为观察该重组质粒的免疫原性奠定了基础。     

伪狂犬病病毒gC基因在IBRS-2细胞中的表达及其对病毒繁殖的影响

 对含伪狂犬病病毒 Ea株 g C全基因的质粒 p UC1 .75进行亚克隆 ,将其完整编码区置于真核表达载体 pc DNA3.1 +的 HCMV启动子 /增强子下游 ,构建了 g C基因真核表达质粒 pc DNA-g C.脂质体转染 IBRS- 2细胞 ,在 G41 8抗性选择下 ,获得多个阳性克隆细胞系 .经 ELISA筛选反应最强的阳性克隆细胞系 ,进一步用间接免疫荧光检测证实 g C基因在 IBRS- 2细胞中得到了正确表达并分布在细胞膜 .以 1 0 0个蚀斑形成单位的伪狂犬病病毒分别接种表达 g C的细胞系和空白载体转染细胞系 .通过测定蚀斑数发现 ,表达 g C的细胞系对病毒的感染具有抑制作用 ,平均抑制率达 59.4%± 1 .3% .     

牛泡沫病毒中国株感染兔的研究

将牛泡沫病毒(BFV3026)感染的细胞经耳缘静脉注射兔子,并以正常细胞注射的兔为对照.1年后处死,病毒挽救实验及PCR检测显示兔经一次注射即可被BFV3026感染,病毒广泛分布于感染兔的多种脏器中,通过共培养可从感染兔血、肝、脾、肺、肾中拯救出相应感染性病毒颗粒,并在脑、骨髓、心、胰、肠系膜中检到高拷贝BFV原病毒DNA存在.同时,血清学检测表明感染兔在接受注射一个月后即产生高滴度抗病毒蛋白抗体,并维持该滴度水平直至实验终止,兔未表现任何可观病变.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。