圆红冬孢酵母菌发酵产油脂培养基及发酵条件的优化研究

采用均匀设计和单因子试验法,系统考察了圆红冬孢酵母菌(Rhodosporidiumtoruloides)在不同碳氮比条件下产油发酵情况以及添加无机盐对产油发酵的影响,通过均匀设计软件对二次多项回归方程求解及单因素分析得知在培养基组成分别为葡萄糖70g/L,硫酸铵0.1g/L,酵母粉0.75g/L,磷酸二氢钾0.4g/L,七水硫酸镁1.5g/L,初始pH6.0,在灭菌(121℃15min)后添加ZnSO41.91×10-6mmol/L、CaCl21.50mmol/L、MnCl21.22×10-4mmol/L、CuSO41.00×10-4mmol/L。发酵摇瓶装液量为250mL三角瓶装培养基50mL,接种量为10%(种龄28h)。在上述条件下,30℃振荡(200r/min)培养120h,所得菌体油脂含量高达76.1%,脂肪得率系数可达22.7。     

杂色云芝产漆酶的发酵条件研究*

本文对杂色云芝（Coriolus versicolor）产漆酶的发酵条件作了研究。结果表明摇瓶实验产漆酶（Laccase）的最佳培养基成分为：可溶性淀粉 2g/L, NH4Cl 24mmol/L, 微量元素混合液 7ml/L, pH3.0柠檬酸—Na2HPO4缓冲溶液 0.01mol/L, KH2PO4 1.4×10-2 mol/L, MgSO4·7H2O 2.03×10-3mol/L, CaCl2·2H2O 6.8×10-4 mol/L, VB1 2.97×10-6 mol/L, 吐温80 4.0g/L, 愈创木酚0.01mmol/L, CuSO4 ·5H2O 0.005mmol/L,最佳发酵条件为培养基初始pH3.0, 菌体生长6d,培养基装量为250ml三角瓶中25ml培养液,25℃条件下振荡培养(150r/min)9d。     

响应面-满意度函数优化重组大肠杆菌产NMN转移酶发酵条件

重组大肠杆菌Escherichaia coli能高效表达NMN转移酶,以此为出发菌株,以菌体生长量OD600和NMN转移酶的活力为响应值,对重组大肠杆菌产NMN转移酶的发酵条件进行优化.首先以Plackett-Burman实验设计优化筛选出3个主要影响因子:胰蛋白胨、甘油、MgSO4;随后以Box-Behnken中心组合设计建立上述3个因子对OD600和NMN转移酶活力水平的数学模型;最后通过满意度函数获得最佳发酵条件为:酵母粉30 g/L,胰蛋白胨10.5 g/L,甘油3.49 mL/L,MgSO40.45 g/L,K2 HPO440.5 g/L,KH2 PO46.0 g/L,NH4 Cl 1.5 g/L,NaCl 0.6 g/L,接种量1.5%,诱导时间12 h.在该优化条件下,菌体生长和产酶水平均获得了显著的提升.重组NMN转移酶的活力水平从8.85 U/mg提高到15.48 U/mg,菌体生长量OD600从4.85提高到6.01,提高幅度分别为74.92%和23.92%.     

响应面法优化嗜热厌氧杆菌X514产乙醇合成培养基

嗜热厌氧杆菌X514(Thermoanaerobactersp.X514)能同时发酵五碳糖、六碳糖并产出乙醇,是纤维素乙醇生产中最具潜力的菌株之一。单因子试验证明,酵母提取物中对X514乙醇发酵起决定性影响的组分为B族维生素,并进一步确定了B族维生素中对乙醇发酵有影响作用的6种维生素。结合培养基中的其他影响因子,应用Plackett-Burman试验设计方法,筛选出X514乙醇发酵的极大影响因子为NH4Cl、烟酸及硫胺素。随后用最陡爬坡试验确定了影响因子最佳取值区域,并利用响应面方法优化合成培养基。优化结果显示,当以5 g/L葡萄糖为底物时,在NH4Cl、烟酸及硫胺素的浓度分别为1.05 g/L、6.4 mg/L及7.0 mg/L的条件下,X514的乙醇产出浓度达到最优理论值34.46 mmol/L。试验验证该条件下乙醇产出浓度为33.78 mmol/L。试验值与理论值接近,原始矿物质培养基中乙醇产出浓度的5.1倍,并与添加5 g/L的酵母提取物培养基的乙醇产出浓度(34.67 mmol/L)相当。     

休哈塔假丝酵母HDYXHT-01利用木糖生产乙醇的发酵工艺优化

采用Plackett-Burman (PB) 方法和中心组合设计 (Ccentral composit design,CCD) 对休哈塔假丝酵母Candida shehataeHDYXHT-01利用木糖发酵生产乙醇的工艺进行优化。PB试验设计与分析结果表明：硫酸铵、磷酸二氢钾、酵母粉和接种量是影响木糖乙醇发酵的4个关键因素,以乙醇产量为响应目标,采用CCD和响应面分析法 (Response surface methodology,RSM),确定了木糖乙醇发酵的最佳工艺为：硫酸铵1.73 g/L、磷酸二氢钾3.56 g/L、酵母粉2.62 g/L和接种量5.66％,其他发酵条件为：木糖80 g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 0.1 g/L,pH 5.0,培养温度30 ℃,装液量100 mL/250 mL,摇床转速140 r/min,发酵时间48 h,在该条件下发酵液中乙醇产量可以达到26.18 g/L,比未优化前提高了1.15倍。     

Bacillus sp.fmbJ224发酵产新型抗菌肽培养基的优化研究

采用Plackett-Burman设计(Plackett-Burman Design,PB)法,对影响Bacillus sp．fmbJ224产新型抗菌肽的17个因素进行了筛选。结果表明：影响该菌发酵产新型抗菌肽的主要培养基成分为葡萄糖、NH4NO3、谷氨酸、CaCl2、MnSO4。在此基础上,再采用响应曲面法(Response Surface Methodology,RSM)对其5个显著因子的最佳水平范围进行研究。通过对二次多项回归方程求解得知,在上述自变量分别为葡萄糖8．13g／L、NH4NO36．14g／L、谷氨酸4．2g／L、CaCl23．98mg／L、MnSO44．87mg／L时,新型抗菌肽的产量从1304．2μg／mL提高到了1487．58μg／mL。     

A glycerol-inducible thermostable lipase from Bacillus sp.: medium optimization by a Plackett-Burman design and by response surface methodology

The production of a neutral lipase from a Bacillus sp. was improved tremendously (193-fold) following media optimization involving both the "one-at-a-time" and the statistical designing approaches. The present lipase was poorly induced by oils, instead its production was induced in the presence of sugars and sugar alcohols, mainly galactose, lactose, glycerol, and mannitol. A high inoculum density of 15% v/v (A550 = 0.8) led to maximum lipase production. Interestingly, the enzyme induction was growth independent, a property very different from most of the lipases investigated to date. The optimal composition of the growth medium to achieve maximum lipase production was determined to be as follows: NH4Cl, 35 g x L(-1); glycerol, 10 mL x L(-1); K2HPO4, 3 g x L(-1); KH2PO4, 1 g x L(-1); MgSO4.7H2O, 0.1 g x L(-1); glucose, 2 g x L(-1); MgCl2, 0.6 mmol x L(-1), with 15% inoculum density and an incubation period of 24 h. About 62 U x mL(-1) of enzyme production was achieved in the optimized medium.     

茴香酸产生菌发酵条件的优化

为提高微生物降解反式茴脑获得茴香酸的产量,对假单胞菌Pseudomonas sp.NT2的发酵参数进行优化,以提高降解过程的转化率。利用单因素试验考察碳氮源种类及浓度、反式茴脑添加量、发酵温度、接种量、初始pH以及装液量对茴香酸生成量、反式茴脑降解率的影响,通过Plackett-Burman试验和最陡爬坡试验确定影响茴香酸生成量的显著因素并获取中心点,最后采用Box-Behnken模型进行响应面优化得到最佳发酵条件并验证。结果表明氯化铵浓度、初始pH和装液量是显著影响因素,最佳发酵条件为:柠檬酸钠10 g/L,氯化铵1.26 g/L,反式茴脑添加量1%,发酵温度30℃,接种量4%,初始pH 7.9,装液量42 mL/250 mL。优化后茴香酸生成量为7.24 g/L,为优化前的3.5倍,茴香酸摩尔生成率为80.72%,反式茴脑降解率为89.81%,分别比优化前提高了270.28%和97.78%。综上,假单胞菌NT2是生物转化生产茴香酸的潜力菌株。响应面优化可以显著提高反式茴脑的降解率和茴香酸产量,这为大规模生产茴香酸奠定了基础。     

Optimization of submerged culture requirements for the production of mycelial growth and exopolysaccharide by Cordyceps jiangxiensis JXPJ 0109

AIMS: The objective of the present study was to investigate the optimal culture requirements for mycelial growth and exopolysaccharide production by Cordyceps jiangxiensis JXPJ 0109 in submerged culture. METHODS AND RESULTS: The effects of medium ingredients (i.e. carbon and nitrogen sources, and growth factor) and other culture requirements (i.e. initial pH, temperature, etc.) on the production of mycelia and exopolysaccharide were observed using a one-factor-at-a-time method. More suitable culture requirements for mycelial growth and exopolysaccharide production were proved to be maltose, glycerol, tryptone, soya bean steep powder, yeast extract, medium capacity 200 ml in a 500-ml flask, agitation rate 180 rev min(-1), seed age 4-8 days, inoculum size 2.5-7.5% (v/v), etc. The optimal temperatures and initial pHs for mycelial growth and exopolysaccharide production were at 26 degrees C and pH 5 and at 28 degrees C and pH 7, respectively, and corresponding optimal culture age were observed to be 8 and 10 days respectively. According to the primary results of the one-factor-at-a-time experiments, the optimal medium for the mycelial growth and exopolysaccharide production were obtained using an orthogonal layout method to optimize further. Herein the effects of medium ingredients on the mycelial growth of C. jiangxiensis JXPJ 0109 were in the order of yeast extract > tryptone > maltose > CaCl2 > glycerol > MgSO4 > KH2PO4 and the optimal concentration of each composition was 15 g maltose (food-grade), 10 g glycerol, 10 g tryptone, 10 g yeast extract, 1 g KH2PO4, 0.2 g MgSO4, and 0.5 g CaCl2 in 1 l of distilled water, while the order of effects of those components on exopolysaccharide production was yeast extract > maltose > tryptone > glycerol > KH2PO4 > CaCl2 > MgSO4, corresponding to the optimal concentration of medium was as follows: 20 g maltose (food-grade), 8 g glycerol, 5 g tryptone, 10 g yeast extract, 1 g KH2PO4, and 0.5 g CaCl2 in 1 l of distilled water. CONCLUSIONS: Under the optimal culture requirements, the maximum exopolysaccharide production reached 3.5 g l(-1) after 10 days of fermentation, while the maximum production of mycelial growth achieved 14.5 g l(-1) after 8 days of fermentation. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This is the first report on the submerged culture requirements for mycelial growth and exopolysaccharide in C. jiangxiensis, and this two-step optimization strategy in this study can be widely applied to other microbial fermentation processes.     

产低温脂肪酶菌株CZW001发酵培养基优化研究

【目的】研究产低温脂肪酶菌株CZW001发酵培养基。【方法】在单因素试验的基础上, 采用Plackett-Burman (P-B)设计, Box-Behnken (B-B)设计和响应面试验设计(RSM), 在20 °C、pH 8.0、160?r/min发酵2 d条件下, 对发酵培养基进行优化。【结果】该菌株最适产酶培养基为(g/L): 葡萄糖7.68, 橄榄油21.93, 硫酸铵2.0, 磷酸二氢钾1.0, 硫酸镁0.27, 氯化钙0.3, 氯化钠20.0, 吐温-80 1.0。其最高酶活为62.8 U/mL, 比优化前提高了3.14倍。【结论】通过对产低温脂肪酶菌株CZW001发酵培养基优化研究, 明显提高低温脂肪酶活力。     

L-Gln高产突变株发酵条件的统计优化

目的:以高产Gln突变株Corynebacterium.glutamicum N-U-6为研究对象,在单次单因子初步优化的条件下,进行统计优化。方法:利用Placktt-Burman法从7个因子中筛选出3个对产胺影响较大的重要因子并利用响应面法进行其最佳值的优化。结果:尿素、NH4Cl和ZnSO4被选出,且它们的最佳值分别为NH4Cl 23.6g/L,Urea 12.7g/L,ZnSO40.004g/L。结论:C.glutamicum N-U-6在统计优化后的培养条件下最高产量达39.53 g/L,比优化前的33.54 g/L提高17.86%。     

海洋侧孢短芽孢杆菌Brevibacillus laterosporus Lh-1 产抗菌肽R-1的培养条件优化

采用Plackett-Burman(PB)设计和响应面分析(RSM)方法, 对一株海洋侧孢短芽孢杆菌Lh-1产抗菌肽R-1的发酵条件进行了优化。研究中数据的统计和分析均使用MINITAB 15.0。在研究中, 首先使用了Plackett-Burman (PB)设计对影响Lh-1产抗菌肽的15个因素进行了筛选, 得到了影响产量的显著因素为：葡萄糖、蛋白胨和氯化钙。在此基础上采用响应面法对该3个显著因素的最佳水平范围进行研究, 得到的最佳浓度为 15.72 g/L 葡萄糖、6.01 g/L 蛋白胨和3.29     

出芽短梗霉产聚苹果酸发酵条件的优化

【背景】出芽短梗霉可发酵葡萄糖生成聚苹果酸,但存在转化率和转化效率低等瓶颈,阻碍其实现商业化生产。【目的】通过优化发酵培养条件,提高出芽短梗霉的聚苹果酸产量、糖酸转化率和生产强度。【方法】采用单因素试验优化适宜出芽短梗霉BK-10菌株产生聚苹果酸的培养条件,通过Plackett-Burman法对培养基组分筛选显著性影响因素,并对其培养基中无机盐进行正交试验优化,最后进行5 L发酵罐验证。【结果】最优培养基配方和培养条件:100 g/L葡萄糖,1.5 g/L尿素,0.20 g/L KH_2PO_4,0.20 g/L ZnSO_4,0.05 g/L MgSO_4,0.75 g/L KCl,30 g/L CaCO_3,0.01%吐温-80,发酵温度26°C,250 mL摇瓶装液量50 mL。【结论】通过优化,聚苹果酸的糖酸转化率达到0.71 g/g,生产强度达到0.89 g/(L·h),较优化前分别提高了18.33%和71.15%,为发酵葡萄糖合成聚苹果酸进而生产L-苹果酸工艺的工业化生产奠定经济性基础。     

代谢甘油高产乳酸的菌种选育及培养基优化

分离出一株可高效利用甘油生产乳酸的菌株, 经过生理生化和16S rDNA分子鉴定, 确定其属于大肠埃希氏菌, 命名为Escherichia coli AC-521。通过五因素四水平正交试验, 优化了其最佳发酵培养基成分为初始甘油70 g/L, 酵母粉4 g/L, 蛋白胨7 g/L, (NH4)2SO4 10 g/L, K2HPO4 2.5 g/L。利用该最佳条件的5 L发酵罐批式补料发酵实验表明: 该菌株发酵80 h后, 乳酸产量可达到74.5 g/L, 得率为0.87 mol/mol甘油。     

响应面法优化毛霉菌发酵培养基

采用响应面分析方法优化毛霉菌B的发酵培养基,首先通过单因素试验筛选出葡萄糖为最适碳源,酵母膏和玉米浆为最适氮源,用Plackett—Burman试验对葡萄糖、酵母膏、玉米浆、MgSO4、FeSO4、NILCl/、HPO4进行评估并筛选出具有显著效应的3个因素：葡萄糖、酵母膏、玉米浆,再通过最陡爬坡试验逼近其最大响应区域,最后采用Box—Behnken试验对其用量进行优化,得到毛霉菌最佳发酵培养基（g/L）：葡萄糖51．54,酵母膏5．22,玉米浆14．31,MgSO40．5,FeSO40．1,NH4Cl3,k2HPO43,pH6．0～6．5。培养基优化后,毛霉生物量由23．51g／L提高至31．13g/L,比对照组提高32．41％,腺嘌呤转化率由53．59％提高至59．97％,ATP产率由6．56g／L提高至7．34g／L,比对照组提高11．89％。     

产β-葡聚糖酶基因工程菌发酵条件的优化

目的以1株酶产量高、耐热性好的重组大肠埃希菌BL21为材料发酵生产β-葡聚糖酶。方法选用麸皮、豆粕等农副产品配制复合碳源、氮源,优化半合成发酵培养基,并通过正常试验确定最佳培养条件。结果研究得到摇瓶水平产β-葡聚糖酶的最佳培养基（g/L）为：麸皮6.7,玉米粉1.7,豆粕13.8,豆粉13.8,酵母粉7.0,NH4Cl 7.0,Na2HPO4.12H2O3.0,MgSO4.7H2O0.75,CaCl20.5,吐温80 0.8%。通过正交试验确定了产酶最佳初始pH为6.2,装样量为35 mL/250 mL,接种量为1%。采用优化后的工艺,在37℃200 r/min培养过夜,经乳糖诱导6 h后,最高酶活可达到830.7 U/mL,是初始产酶条件的3.4倍。结论该半合成培养基在重组大肠埃希菌产β-葡聚糖酶方面具有很大优势。     

Enhanced hydrogen and 1,3‐propanediol production from glycerol by fermentation using mixed cultures

The conversion of glycerol into high value products, such as hydrogen gas and 1,3‐propanediol (PD), was examined using anaerobic fermentation with heat‐treated mixed cultures. Glycerol fermentation produced 0.28 mol‐H₂/mol‐glycerol (72 mL‐H₂/g‐COD) and 0.69 mol‐PD/mol‐glycerol. Glucose fermentation using the same mixed cultures produced more hydrogen gas (1.06 mol‐H₂/mol‐glucose) but no PD. Changing the source of inoculum affected gas production likely due to prior acclimation of bacteria to this type of substrate. Fermentation of the glycerol produced from biodiesel fuel production (70% glycerol content) produced 0.31 mol‐H₂/mol‐glycerol (43 mL H₂/g‐COD) and 0.59 mol‐PD/mol‐glycerol. These are the highest yields yet reported for both hydrogen and 1,3‐propanediol production from pure glycerol and the glycerol byproduct from biodiesel fuel production by fermentation using mixed cultures. These results demonstrate that production of biodiesel can be combined with production of hydrogen and 1,3‐propanediol for maximum utilization of resources and minimization of waste. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 1098–1106. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

高产蛹虫草菌株发酵培养基的研究

在单因素试验初步确定高产蛹虫草菌株发酵培养基的基础上,以蛹虫草茵丝体中腺苷含量为指标,进行11因素2水平Plackett—Burman试验设计试验,结合多元一次回归模型和F检验方法,筛选出发酵培养基中影响显著的组分酵母浸粉、蔗糖和维生素B1,采用旋转中心组合设计方法对这三个组分进行进一步优化,结合多元二次回归模型和响应面分析,获得高产蛹虫草菌株的最佳培养基（g／L）：蔗糖18．85、蛋白胨10、酵母浸粉18．97、KH2PO,3、MgSO4 3、维生素Bl0．235、ZnCl20．011、（NH4）2S0410。验证试验结果表明蛹虫草腺苷得率较单因素优化获得的发酵培养基提高了26．91％。     

响应面法优化荷叶离褶伞菌丝体产漆酶条件

为了对荷叶离褶伞产漆酶条件进行优化,在单因素实验基础上,通过最陡爬坡实验(PB)对培养基8因素进行筛选,获得影响产漆酶的3个显著性因素:葡萄糖,pH和KH₂PO₄;通过中心组合(CCD)设计及响应面分析确定了最优发酵条件:葡萄糖20.09g/L,酪蛋白1.5g/L,酵母提取物1.5g/L,MgSO₄ 3g/L,CuSO₄ 3.75mg/L,KH₂PO₄ 3.97g/L,pH 4.98,VB₁ 0.1g/L,愈创木酚12mg/L,该条件下,漆酶酶活为829.83U/mL,较未优化对照提高46.6%.     

极地适冷菌Pseudoalteromonas sp. QI-1产适冷蛋白酶发酵条件的优化

对极地适冷菌Pseudoalteromonas sp. QI-1产适冷蛋白酶的发酵条件进行优化。结果表明:菌株QI-1的最适生长和产酶温度均为5℃;最佳接种量为1%;发酵培养基的最适初始pH和最佳装样量分别为5和10%;盐度为2%时对菌株的生长和产酶最为有利;麸皮和醋酸钠分别为最佳N源和C源;添加0.75%酪蛋白时菌株QI-1胞外蛋白酶的活性最高;10 mmol/L Mg2+和0.5%Tween-80有利于产酶。正交试验结果表明:菌株Pseudoalteromonassp. QI-1产蛋白酶较佳培养基配方(g/L)为麸皮5,酵母粉2.5,酪蛋白3,MgCl2.6H2O 3,KCl 1.5;发酵液比酶活为166.20 U/mL,较优化前提高了约56%。