人组织型纤溶酶原激活剂表达调控及高效表达的研究——Ⅱ.t-PA cDNA在CHO细胞中的高效稳定表达

曾报道t-PA mRNA非翻译区序列对其表达有明显的抑制作用,在此基础上,通过对5′-UTR及3′-UTR的改造,使t-PA在COS-7细胞中的表达水平提高30倍左右。将t-PA表达质粒用电击法转染中国仓鼠卵巢细胞二氢叶酸还原酶缺陷株(CHO-dhfr^- ),经过混合加压及筛选,在CHO细胞中高效表达了t-PA,表达水平达到5000～6000IU/10~6细胞·d^-1.重组t-PA具有与天然t-PA相同的分子量及酶活性。经过8个月连续传代,表达水平未下降,表明细胞株是稳定的,其主要指标均符合工程细胞株的要求。     

人组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)mRNA5′端非翻译区(UTR)对其表达的调控

运用反转录-PCR技术,从黑色素瘤细胞中扩增出t—PA cDNA 5′末端460bp的片段,再经重组获得含完整5′-UTR的t—PA cDNA克隆,在兔网织红细胞裂解物中翻译和COS-7细胞中表达发现,t—PA mRNA 5′—UTR对其表达有明显的抑制作用。将t—PA mRNA 5′—UTR用苜蓿病毒RNA 5′—UTR替换,使t—PA的表达水平提高3-7倍,mRNA翻译起始区二级结构分析结果表明,翻译起始区的二级结构与t-PA的表达水平有关。     

组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)突变体工程细胞株生物学特性分析

t-PA突变体工程细胞株FSGGI48形态与其亲代细胞CHO-dhfr相似呈多角形,类似上皮细胞。在MTX加压至5×10~(-6)mol/L时,少数细胞形态略变瘦长,但仍呈多角形,因此该工程细胞株形态正常。抗体中和抑制试验及纤维蛋白板80℃加热试验显示,FSGGI48细胞表达产物与st-PA的活性均能被抗t-PA抗体所抑制,而胰酶的活性则不被抑制,且二者在80℃加热的纤维蛋白板上均不产生溶解圈,胰酶则产生溶解圈,由此可知,该细胞株表达产物为特异的rt-PA产品。细胞无血清培养上清经FA-PA检测,亚克隆株表达水平为4000IU/10~6细胞/24h。分别测定冻存3个月后复苏和体外传代3个月以上细胞的表达水平,结果显示部分亚克隆细胞株表达水平下降,多数仍为3000-4000IU/10~6细胞/24h,说明细胞株稳定性好。裸鼠试验表明,该工程株活细胞、细胞DNA、纯化的细胞表达产物均无致瘤性。支原体检查结果为阴性。染色体分析显示,FSGGI48细胞与其亲代细胞(CHO-dhfr细胞)染色体数目相同均为20条,但均有不同程度不同类型的畸变。CHO-dhfr细胞畸变率为6%。该工程细胞的畸变率为15%-18%,在允许范围内。结果证明,t-PA突变体细胞株FSGGI48为性能优良的工程细胞株。     

DNA甲基化对牛Igf-2r表达的影响及其在克隆牛发育中的作用

目前认为克隆效率低的主要原因是供体核的不完全重编程导致发育过程中一些重要的基因异常表达。运用DNA甲基化转移酶抑制剂5′-脱氧胞苷(5′-azacytidine,5′-aza)处理MDBK细胞(牛肾上皮细胞),并通过实时荧光定量PCR方法对Igf-2r基因的表达进行了定量分析;在此基础上,应用亚硫酸盐甲基化测序法检测正常牛及克隆牛脑、肺、心、肝组织Igf-2r印迹调控区DMR2(DNA differentially methylated region,DMR)及非印迹调控区3′-UTR(3′-untranslated region,UTR)的DNA甲基化水平。研究发现,5′-aza处理MDBK细胞后,Igf-2r基因的表达上调。正常牛各组织中Igf-2r DMR2区的DNA甲基化程度差异较大,3′-UTR区较稳定;与正常牛相比,克隆牛DMR2区的甲基化程度变化较大,3′-UTR区无显著性变化。结果表明,DNA甲基化修饰影响Igf-2r基因的表达。正常牛不同组织中Igf-2r基因DMR2区的DNA甲基化程度不同,提示Igf-2r基因的印迹调控方式在不同组织中可能不同。克隆牛发育过程中,调控Igf-2r基因印迹的DMR2表观结构被明显改变,而非印迹调控区3′-UTR则无明显变化,提示Igf-2r基因印迹调控区被破坏,很可能是导致克隆牛发育异常的一个重要原因。     

家蚕miR-301对化学感受蛋白基因csp9表达的调控

【目的】探索家蚕Bombyx mori miRNAs对化学感受蛋白基因表达的调控作用,以进一步研究miRNAs及其靶基因在昆虫化学识别中的作用。【方法】利用生物信息学方法预测和筛选可能作用于家蚕化学感受蛋白CSPs基因家族成员的miRNAs;实时荧光定量PCR分析预测获得的候选miR-301和其作用的靶基因在家蚕成虫不同组织中的表达变化;构建miR-301预测靶基因3′-UTR的双荧光素酶报告载体,与合成的miR-301 mimics或阴性对照转染人胚肾细胞HEK293,通过双荧光素酶报告基因检测系统中荧光素酶活性变化检测miR-301对其靶基因表达的调控作用。【结果】生物信息学分析结果发现,家蚕化学感受蛋白基因csp9是miR-301的预测靶基因,二者的结合位点位于csp9的3′-UTR区。实时荧光定量PCR检测结果表明,miR-301在交配后家蚕雌雄成虫触角和雄成虫头部都显著上调表达,靶基因csp9在对应组织中表达则显著下调。二者共转染HEK293细胞后,双荧光素酶检测结果表明,miR-301可以通过与csp9 3′-UTR的互作,显著抑制上游荧光素酶报告基因的表达。【结论】家蚕化学感受蛋白基因csp9是miR-301的靶基因,miR-301通过与靶基因3′-UTR的结合,在翻译水平上抑制csp9的表达。     

miR-365通过靶向FoxO1抑制胃癌细胞的增殖

为了探究miR-365对胃癌细胞活力、增殖的影响及作用机制,使用RT-qPCR技术检测胃癌细胞(AGS和MGC80-3)与正常胃上皮细胞(GES-1)中miR-365的内源性表达水平及临床样本中胃癌组织和癌旁组织中miR-365的内源性表达水平;使用CCK-8检测细胞增殖活力;使用RT-qPCR及Western-blot检测周期蛋白依赖性激酶4 (cyclin-dependent kinase 4, CDK4)、CDK6、周期蛋白D1 (cyclinD1)和FoxO1的m RNA及蛋白质水平;采用荧光素酶报告实验验证miR-365与FoxO1 3′-UTR的结合能力。实验结果显示,与正常胃上皮细胞相比,两种胃癌细胞内miR-365的表达下调;转染miR-365模拟物后,胃癌细胞的增殖活力下降, cyclinD1、CDK4、CDK6及FoxO1的mRNA和蛋白质水平均下调; miR-365可结合FoxO1的3′-UTR,进而抑制FoxO1蛋白的表达;与癌旁组织比较,癌组织中miR-365的表达降低。以上结果表明, miR-365可通过靶向结合FoxO1的3′-UTR抑制FoxO1蛋白表达,进而抑制胃癌细胞的增殖。     

Mir-335-5p靶向G6PD对结肠癌细胞增殖、凋亡的影响

目的: 探讨Mir-335-5p通过靶向G6PD对结肠癌细胞增殖、凋亡的影响。方法: 设置正常结肠细胞组、空白对照组、NC组、miRNA-335-5p mimic组;体外培养结肠上皮细胞(IEC)和人源性结肠癌细胞SW480,并对NC组、miRNA-335-5p mimic组细胞进行转染;采用RT-qPCR检测各组细胞中miR-335-5p及G6PD mRNA表达水平;双荧光素酶报告实验验证Mir-335-5p对G6PD靶向作用;MTT实验检测各组细胞的增殖;流式细胞术检测转染后各组细胞凋亡率;Western blot检测G6PD及凋亡蛋白Bax、Bcl-2、caspase3相对表达水平。结果: 与正常结肠细胞相比,空白对照组、NC组结肠癌细胞SW480细胞中miR-335-5p相对表达水平降低,G6PD mRNA相对表达水平升高(P＜0.05);与空白对照组、NC组相比,miR-335-5p mimic组细胞miR-335-5p表达水平明显升高,G6PD mRNA表达水平显著降低(P＜0.05)。与空白对照、NC组相比,miR-335-5p mimic组结肠癌SW480细胞生长活性显著降低,凋亡率显著升高(P＜0.05)。miR-335-5p mimic+WT-G6PD 3′-UTR组的荧光素酶相对活性低于miR-335-5p NC+WT-G6PD 3′-UTR组(P＜0.05)。与空白对照组相比,miR-335-5p mimic组细胞中G6PD、Bcl-2蛋白相对表达水平显著降低,Bax、caspase3蛋白表达水平显著升高(P＜0.05)。结论: Mir-335-5p可能通过靶向G6PD抑制结肠癌细胞增殖、促进凋亡。     

m6A去甲基化酶ALKBH5对大鼠S1PR3基因3′-非编码区双荧光素酶活性的影响

[目的]明确m⁶A去甲基化酶ALKBH5对含S1PR3基因3′-非编码区(3′-UTR)双荧光素酶报告基因的调控作用。[方法]以大鼠前额叶皮层脑区cDNA为模板，利用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增S1PR3基因3′-UTR中含有m⁶A修饰位点的目的片段。利用重叠延伸PCR方法将三个靶序列GGACT、GGACT、AGACT中的第三位A突变为C,并将野生型S1PR3-3′-UTR片段和突变型S1PR3-mut-3′-UTR片段分别正向插入到pmiR-RB-Report^TM vector载体中。将pcDNA3.1-ALKBH5或空载体pcDNA3.1与野生型和突变型双荧光素酶报告载体分别共转染PC12细胞，并检测荧光素酶活性。[结果]成功构建了包含S1PR3基因3′-UTR野生型双荧光素酶报告载体pmiR-S1PR3-3′-UTR和突变型双荧光素酶报告载体pmiR-S1PR3-mut-3′-UTR。荧光素酶活性分析表明与空载体pcDNA3.1组相比，ALKBH5可显著降低野生型及突变型C1和C2报告载体荧光素酶的活性(P<...     

t-PA昆虫细胞表达及特性分析

应用RT-PCR技术,从人黑色素瘤Bowes细胞株中扩增出人组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(tissue-typeplasminogenactivator,t-PA)cDNA。序列分析证实,与国外的报道完全一致。将含完整阅读框架的人t-PAcDNA克隆至昆虫细胞表达转移载体pBacPAK8中,获得重组质粒pBac-tPA。应用脂质体共转染法,将pBactPA和线性化杆状病毒BacPAK6DNA共转染Tn-5B-1昆虫细胞。经空斑筛选获得11株重组病毒。经PCR鉴定与生物活性测定,获得一株高效表达t-PA的重组病毒BactPA3。在含胎牛血清的培养基中,t-PA表达活性在感染(MOI≈10)后72h左右达到最高,为3.04×103IU／ml,即相当于1.8×104IU／106细胞;在无血清培养基中,t-PA最高表达水平相差不大,但时间为感染后132h左右。经SDS-PAGE纤维蛋白自显影分析,分子量为68kda左右。与从人黑色素瘤细胞培养液中提纯的天然t-PA相比,其受纤维蛋白原激活的特性、和纤维蛋白的亲和力及在血浆中的失活速率基本相同。表达的t-PA在血液循环中的半衰期为7min。     

人红细胞生成素(EPO)工程细胞建立及特性分析

构建了EPO真核表达质粒,成功地实现了其在CHOdhfr-细胞中的表达,所得到的EPO工程细胞株的形态与CHOdhfr-细胞相似,细胞株小瓶静止培养时最高表达水平为2～3μg/106cells/24h,而且细胞表达稳定,连续传代三个月和反复冻存复苏三次,细胞表达水平无明显下降。经过对细胞的一系列特性分析表明,该细胞株无支原体、真菌及细菌污染,无致瘤性,形态正常,染色体畸变率与出发株相当。     

细胞内表达的小干扰RNA靶向丙肝病毒5′保守区的研究

将丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)基因组的5′非编码区(5′UTR)插入到报告基因绿色荧光蛋白(eGFP)和荧光素酶(luciferase)的上游,并构建基于Ⅲ型启动子的表达载体,这种载体能产生针对HCV 5′UTR的小干扰RNA。然后将含有HCV 5′UTR的eGFP/luciferase和能产生小干扰RNA的质粒共转染入Hela细胞,通过测定细胞发出的荧光和化学发光强弱来观测抑制效果。实验结果表明,与HCV 5′UTR特异性小干扰RNA表达质粒共转染的细胞无论从定性还是从定量上所测得的荧光和化学发光强度都明显低于阴性对照,且细胞密度经核染色与对照组无明显区别。这揭示了小干扰RNA确实能引起HCV特异基因如5′UTR的沉默,且转染进去的小干扰RNA表达质粒对细胞没有毒害作用。这一工作是通过载体直接在细胞内表达小干扰RNA(siRNA)而不是化学合成的,可以使小干扰RNA在细胞内得到稳定表达,因此本研究设计的siRNA表达载体不仅可以有效沉默HCV 5′UTR,而且该系统可以灵敏地筛选更有效的针对HCV的siRNA,因而这一结果为研究利用RNA干扰进行基因治疗HCV感染做了初步探索。     

Expression of the K-fgf proto-oncogene is controlled by 3'' regulatory elements which are specific for embryonal carcinoma cells.

Expression of the K-fgf/hst proto-oncogene appears to be restricted to cells in the early stages of development, such as embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells. When EC cells are induced to differentiate, K-fgf expression is drastically repressed. To identify cis-acting DNA elements responsible for this type of regulation, we constructed a plasmid in which cat gene expression was driven by about 1 kilobase of upstream K-fgf human DNA sequences, including the putative promoter, and transfected it into undifferentiated F9 EC cells or HeLa cells as prototypes of cells which express or do not express, respectively, the K-fgf proto-oncogene. This plasmid was essentially inactive in both cell types, and the addition of more than 8 kilobases of DNA sequences upstream of the K-fgf promoter did not lead to any increase in chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) expression. On the other hand, when we inserted in this plasmid DNA sequences which are 3' of the human K-fgf coding sequences, we could detect a significant stimulation of CAT activity. Analysis of these sequences led to the identification of enhancerlike DNA elements which are part of the 3' noncoding region of K-fgf exon 3 and promote CAT expression only in undifferentiated mouse F9 or human NT2/D1 EC cells, but not in HeLa, 3T3, or differentiated F9 cells, therefore mimicking the physiological expression of the K-fgf proto-oncogene. Similar elements are also present in the 3' region of the murine K-fgf proto-oncogene, in a region showing high homology to the human K-fgf sequences. These regulatory elements can promote CAT expression from heterologous promoters in an EC-specific manner, suggesting that they interact with a specific cellular transacting protein(s) whose expression is developmentally regulated.     

High level expression of human tissue-type plasminogen activator gene in mouse C127 cell.

We have expressed human tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) gene at high levels in a mouse cell line. The t-PA cDNA with deletion of the long 3' untranslated region was inserted into a bovine papilloma virus (BPV) derived vector under the control of a mouse metallothionein promoter. The mouse metallothionein (mMT) gene also provided signals for splicing and polyadenylation. Mouse C127 cells transfected with this construct secreted t-PA at high levels into the cell culture medium. When an SV40 polyadenylation signal was inserted between the t-PA cDNA and the mMT splicing signals, the expression level increased by several fold. The expression levels did not increase further upon either introduction of Rous sarcoma virus LTR into the plasmid or mutation of the translation initiation context sequence to conform with the consensus one. Most of the plasmid appears to be integrated into the host chromosome. Cells producing high levels of t-PA tend to detach from the dish in a few days after passage. When grown on porous microcarriers, however, such cells can be maintained in culture for months and t-PA can be harvested continuously.     

Translational activity of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR1 mRNA in PC12 cells

PC12 cells contain NR1 mRNA but lack significant expression of NR1 protein suggesting translational or posttranslational regulation. Translational activity of NR1 mRNA in PC12 cells was examined by sucrose gradient fractionation and by heterologous luciferase NR1 gene expression studies. The cosedimentation and association of NR1 mRNA with large polyribosomes (polysomes) confirmed the translatability of NR1 message in PC12 cells. Possible initiation and/or elongation defects during the translation of NR1 mRNAs were investigated by cyclohexamide treatment. The marked decline in the number of ribosomes associated with NR1 mRNA after prolonged exposure to cyclohexamide suggested that initiation was limiting translation of NR1 mRNA in PC12 cells. Consequently, the effect of the 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) on translation was examined using fusion constructs consisting of the luciferase coding region fused to either or both the 5' UTR and 3' UTR of NR1. The transfection of PC12 cells with the luciferase NR1-UTR fusion constructs revealed that the 3' UTR of NR1 had a significant inhibitory effect on luciferase expression. In contrast, the 5' UTR of NR1 had no inhibitory effect on mRNA translation in PC12 cells. The results from this study indicate that the translation of NR1 mRNA in PC12 cells may be impeded at initiation and this inhibition may be regulated at least in part through the 3' UTR of NR1.