大鼠躯体感觉皮质即早基因c-fos表达的研究

选择性地对大鼠单根触须刺激后,通过原位杂交组织化学检测相应的躯体感觉皮质内即早基因c-fos的表达、局部定位以及与刺激强度的关系。结果表明,触须的刺激导致了相应皮质内即早基因c－fos表达增加。脑皮质第4层基因表达最明显。且基因表达量与刺激强度成正比。从脑皮质细胞组成方面证实了c-fos表达主要在皮质第4层的星形细胞;在最强的刺激后,星形细胞邻近的神经元也被标记上了。结果提示：感觉输入可影响即早基因c-fos的表达,即早基因的表达受神经元活动的调节,这种基因调节是神经元整体功能所必需的一部分。     

c—fos蛋白在白蚁婚飞时脑中免疫组织化学定位观察（简报）

在原癌基因家族中有一类可以被第二信使诱导的原癌基因,它们能对神经递质、激素等刺激作出反应进行表达,这类基因称为即刻早基因(immediate—early gene,IEG)。c—fos就是其中重要的一种即刻早基因。目前已经证实哺乳动物的性行为与其脑中的c—fos表达有关,c—fos特异性表达被认为是研究性行为时脑部神经细胞活动的重要指征,Joppa等人用此方法已经在鼠、仓鼠脑中定位出与性行为有关的神经活动区域。c—fos在昆虫的脑中也有表达,     

神经再生素对PC12细胞分化的影响

目的探索神经再生素(nerve regemration factor．NRF)诱导PCl2细胞神经元性分化的潜在能力。方法以NGF为阳性对照,采用细胞培养方法,观察NRF在低血清的情况下,诱导PCI2细胞发生的形态学改变;同时,使用荧光免疫细胞化学方法,观察神经元标志性物质低分子量神经丝蛋白(NF-L)在NRF诱导分化的PCI2细胞中的表达。采用RT-PCR方法观察NRF对无血清培养的PC12细胞即早基因c—fos的表达变化。结果加药后第14天,NRF、组以及NGF组的PCI2细胞呈现明显的形态学改变：细胞胞体皱缩,且有明显的突起生长。空白对照组、NRI：、组(0．01μg／ml、0.1μg／ml、1μg,／ml)、NGF组(0．05μg／m1)具有明显突起的分化细胞占总细胞的比例分别为5．169％、25．718％、43．325％、73．038％、85．286％。免疫荧光细胞化学结果显示NRF、、NGF组的分化细胞基本都为NF-L标记阳性的细胞;NRF能使c-fos的表达上调,作用2h后达峰值。结论神经再生素具有诱导PCl2细胞的神经元性分化作用,且能使c—fos表达上调。     

移植视网膜NOS阳性神经元的发育

目的 观察不同年龄组段大鼠正常视网膜及移植视网膜内NOS阳性神经元的发育情况及其定位分布。方法 实验分正常视网膜发育组和移植视网膜发育组,应用还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸（NADPH）组织化学方法显示。结果 1、NOS阳性神经元最早出现于生后第五天（P5）,P18时阳性神经元数目达到最高峰,2、移植视网膜具有正常视网膜的各层结构和相似的生长规律,NOS阳性神经元在生后第4天移植视网膜（TP4）中出现,TP12数量达到高峰值,TP22后降至正常成年鼠水平。结论 根据NOS阳性神经元的定位,分布,推测其为无长突细胞,移位无长突细胞及节细胞。     

移植视网膜Parvalbumin免疫反应神经元的发育及其与上丘的联系

将６５例妊娠１４天ＳＤ大白鼠胚胎视网膜移植至新生第１天大白鼠中脑背面偏左侧,同时摘除新生鼠右眼。应用免疫细胞化学方法,ＨＲＰ逆行追踪及其结合免疫细胞化学双标记技术,观察手术后第１０天至５０天移植视网膜、与其相应年龄的正常和宿主视网膜免疫反应（Ｐａｒｖａｌｂｕｍｉｎｉｍｍｕｎｏｒｅａｃｔｉｖｅ,ＰＶ－Ⅰ）神经元的发育规律和定位分布,以及移植视网膜与宿主上丘的联系。结果表明：移植视网膜具有正常视网膜各层结构和生长发育规律;移植和正常视网膜ＰＶ－Ⅰ神经元是无长突细胞、移位无长突细胞和节细胞。ＰＶ－Ⅰ神经元在生后第３天移植视网膜的节细胞层出现,在生后第１４天至１９天移植视网膜中达很高程度,而在生后第３天移植视网膜节细胞层中有些ＰＶ－Ⅰ神经元同时具有ＨＲＰ标记,提示这些细胞是节细胞,并与上丘建立了联系。     

大鼠面部伤害性刺激后纹状体边缘区内原癌基因c-fos和NOS的表达

为了研究纹状体边缘区和痛觉的关系,用c-fos和NADPH－d双标记方法研究了大鼠面部伤害性刺激后c-fos蛋白（Fos）和NOS在纹状体边缘区的表达。面部伤害性刺激后30分钟,边缘区中即出现Fos表达,刺激后3小时,Fos表达达最高峰,而且主要在边缘区部位表达。正常大鼠纹状体边缘区中有密集的NOS阳性神经元及纤维,面部伤害性刺激3小时后,纹状体其余部位的NOS阳性胞体及纤维减少或消失,但边缘区中仍保留,并可见少数Fos和NOS双标记细胞,提示纹状体边缘区可能和面部痛觉的调制有关。     

Nd:YAG激光致视网膜感光细胞损伤及相关基因的表达

目的：观察兔眼视网膜激光损伤后不同时间点感光细胞的改变以及相关基因的表达变化。方法：北京青紫蓝灰兔随机分为正常对照组和激光损伤组,在调Q倍频Nd：YAG激光损伤后不同时间采用超微结构观察、凝胶电泳、TUNEL染色、原位杂交(ISH)以及Northern blot等方法检测了感光细胞损伤特点并分析相关基因的表达改变。结果：电镜、核酸电泳和TUNEL结果表明视网膜感光细胞照射后出现明显的凋亡特征,在伤后不同时间,其分布和强度都有改变。而杂交结果表明c—fos和bax在照后表达增强,尤其以照后第1天为最,而bcl—2和p53在损伤后无明显改变。结论：大量感光细胞的凋亡是临床上低剂量倍频Nd：YAG激光致视网膜损伤、视功能下降的主要机制。c—fos和bax基因的表达可能介导了视网膜细胞凋亡的过程。     

电针颧髎穴和尾部电流致痛后c—fos在大鼠中枢脑桥延髓内DBH阳性神经元中的表达

本研究在大鼠上分别用电针大鼠面部颧髎穴和尾部电流刺激致痛后,报道DBH阳性神经元与c—fos蛋白在中枢神经系统中的共存。实验在雄性SD大鼠上进行。刺激后2小时,经心脏用4％多聚甲醛磷酸缓冲液灌注固定,脑组织作冰冻冠状切片。在同一切片上顺序进行Fos抗体—ABC—DABni和DBH抗体—PAP—DAB双免疫细胞化学方法染色,并以不刺激动物作对照,结果表明:针组和痛组动物均可在脑干若干核团内观察到Fos样免疫阳性(FLI)显示神经元在细胞核上,星紫黑色。光镜下在A_1、A_2、A_3蓝斑与蓝斑下核处有DBH样免疫阳性(DLI)在细胞体、突起和终末上,呈棕黄色,但胞核不染。光镜下出现三种形式神经元:1.仅有FLI胞核染色。2.仅有DLI胞质、突起和终末染色。3.FLI胞核存在DLI胞体中(即共存)。统计分析表明。在脑干部位,FLI在网状外侧核(RL)、孤束核(nts)、延髓头端腹侧区(RVM)和导水管周围灰质的腹侧、腹外侧和外侧部位(PAG)针组显著多于痛组。共存神经元仅在A_1部位针组显著地多于痛组,A_2、A_5及蓝斑部位。针组与痛组的共存数差异不显著。     

异丙酚抑制炎性痛大鼠脊髓NOS神经元的c -fos表达

用福尔马林致痛模型、c fos基因免疫组织化学法和NADPH d组织化学技术 ,研究大鼠脊髓结构对福尔马林痛刺激的反应及异丙酚在其调节过程中的影响。结果表明 ,福尔马林痛刺激后 ,刺激侧脊髓背角出现大量Fos免疫样阳性神经元 ,其中部分为FLI/NOS双标记神经元 ;痛刺激之前或之后给予异丙酚 ,背角各层FLI神经元和FLI/NOS双标记神经元的数量均显著减少 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1) ;单纯腹腔注射异丙酚或生理盐水 ,脊髓未见或偶见FLI神经元。上述结果提示 :异丙酚的抗伤害作用可能与其抑制了脊髓内NOS阳性神经元的活性有关     

新生鼠大脑皮质和中脑多巴胺神经元原代培养中NGF诱导c-jun mRNA表达的研究

用神经生长因子（nervegrowthfactor,NGF）分别处理原代培养的新生大鼠大脑皮质和中脑腹侧部神经元,应用免疫组织化学和原位杂交双重标记方法,观察不同时间NGF处理的神经元表达原癌基因c－junmRNA的情况。结果发现,神经特异性烯醇化酶（neuronspecificenolase,NSE）阳性的大脑皮层神经细胞在NGF处理15分钟即可表达c－junmRNA,2小时达高峰,4小时后开始下降,到8小时后基本消失．未经NGF处理的大鼠大脑皮层神经细胞不表达c－junmRNA;酪氨酸羟化酶（tyrosinehydroxylase,TH）阳性的中脑多巴胺能（Dopaminergic,DA）神经元经NGF处理也不表达c－jun基因。提示NGF与其受体结合可以激活神经细胞快速,短暂的一过性表达c-jun基因,作为第三信使,调节从细胞质膜到核的信号传递,同时也间接证明了新生大鼠大脑皮层神经细胞膜上存在神经生长因子受体（nervegrowthfactorreceptor,NGFR）,而中脑DA神经细胞对NGF无应答反应。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.