湿地松×洪都拉斯加勒比松遗传多样性的ISSR分析（英文）

杂交育种是产生遗传变异、表型变异及选择新变异的重要方法。然而系统发育不清晰,选择较近的亲缘关系亲本用于杂交子代往往表现出较低的遗传多样性。为探究湿地松、洪都拉斯加勒比松种间杂交后代遗传多样性水平,对8个湿地松×洪都拉斯加勒比松家系进行ISSR分析。利用10条引物共产生60个表达清晰可用于分析的标记,其中48个标记表现为多态性,占总标记数的80%;湿加松各个家系多态位点百分率在5%～23.33%之间;各个家系基因多样性指数在0.015 2～0.087 2之间,Shannon指数的范围在0.021 6～0.129 4之间(家系水平为0.293 4)。8个家系间的基因分化系数Gst为0.743 5,即总的遗传变异中有74.35%的变异存在于家系间,家系内的遗传变异占总遗传变异的25.65%。采用UPGMA法对湿加松的8个家系进行了聚类分析,确定了各个家系之间的遗传亲缘关系。8个家系间的基因流N_m为0.172 5,表明基因流处于较低水平。     

广西地不容种质资源的ISSR分析

采用简单序列重复区间扩增(ISSR)分子标记技术对广西地不容3个野生居群和1个引种居群共92个个体进行了遗传多样性研究。10个引物共扩增出61条带,其中60条具多态性,多态性位点百分率为98.36%。4个居群多态性百分率在73.77%～86.89%。Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)为0.3379,Shannon信息多样性指数(Ⅰ)为0.5055。3个野生居群Nei’s遗传分化系数(Gst)表明:83.87%遗传变异分布在居群内,16.13%的遗传变异分布在居群间。引种居群与3个野生居群间的遗传一致度达0.8846。引种居群有效地保护了广西地不容的遗传多样性。     

樟科濒危植物思茅木姜子遗传多样性的ISSR分析

本文采用ISSR标记对中国特有且仅在云南南部狭域分布的樟科濒危植物思茅木姜子(Litseaszemaois)现存8个居群的遗传多样性进行了研究。从96条引物中筛选出了10条,对103个个体进行了扩增,共扩增出77条条带,其中多态性条带为67条。分析结果表明:(1)思茅木姜子的遗传多样性水平很高。在物种水平上,多态位点百分率PPB=87.01%,平均每个位点的有效等位基因数Ne=1.4006,Nei’s基因多样度指数H=0.2466,Shannon多样性信息指数Hsp=0.3826;在居群水平上,PPB=37.99%,Ne=1.2500,H=0.1418,Shannon多样性信息指数Hpop=0.2088。(2)居群间的遗传分化较低。基于Nei’s遗传多样性分析得出的居群间遗传分化系数Gst=0.3700;Shannon’s居群分化系数((Hsp–Hpop)/Hsp)为0.45。AMOVA分析显示:思茅木姜子的遗传变异主要存在于居群内,占总变异的72.99%,居群间的遗传变异占27.01%,表明思茅木姜子属于异交种。(3)两两居群间的Nei’s遗传一致度(I)的范围为0.8233–0.9761。经Mantel检测,居群间的遗传距离和地理距离之间不存在显著的正相关关系(r=0.0925,P=0.6931)。我们推断人类活动的干扰和生境的片断化是导致思茅木姜子濒危现状的主要因素。考虑到目前其遗传多样性水平虽然很高,但各居群个体数量很少,因此应该对思茅木姜子各居群的所有个体实施及时的就地保护;而遗传变异大部分存在于居群内的个体间,所以在迁地保护时应在各居群内大量采样。     

用扩增片段的长度多态性分子标记探讨盾叶薯蓣的遗传多样性

用扩增片段的长度多态性(amplified fragment length polymorphism,AFLP)标记分析研究了中国5个盾叶薯蓣居群30个个体的遗传多样性。筛选出9对AFLP引物,从中检测到14698条清晰可见的条带,其中多态性带12628条,多态性比率85.92%。Shannon信息指数(I)为0.3656±0.1721,物种水平的Nei基因多样性(H)为0.2322±0.2200。遗传变异分析表明,物种水平的遗传分化系数Gst为0.4827,说明其群体间存在一定的遗传分化,居群间的基因流Nm为0.5358,居群间遗传交换较小。聚类分析结果显示5个居群盾叶薯蓣有较为丰富的遗传变异,且与地理分布有相关性。     

大别山山核桃天然群体遗传结构的初步分析

利用RAPD分子标记技术检测了大别山山核桃3个天然居群的遗传多样性和遗传结构。20条10 bp随机引物共检测到238个扩增位点,其中多态性位点162个,多态位点百分率(PPB)为68.1%。居群水平Shannon’s多态性信息指数(I)介于0.2651~0.2801之间;居群水平Ne i’s基因多样性指数(H)介于0.1789~0.1890之间。遗传变异计算显示大别山山核桃居群间基因分化系数(Gst)为0.4063,分子方差分析(AMOVA)表明居群间基因分化水平为0.4177,居群间基因流(Nm)为0.7306,说明大别山山核桃大部分变异存在于居群内,居群间基因交流相对较少。这一结果符合大别山山核桃风媒、异交的繁育系统特点,但其居群间基因分化程度明显高于异交植物的平均水平(Gst=0.1930)。地理隔离、居群内近交及居群间基因流受阻可能是形成目前大别山山核桃天然群体遗传结构的主要因素。     

古尔班通古特沙漠荒漠肉苁蓉遗传多样性分析

为了全面了解古尔班通古特沙漠荒漠肉苁蓉居群分布的遗传多样性特点,本研究通过ISSR分子标记技术,利用Nei和Shannon等多样性指数对古尔班通古特沙漠中5个居群166个个体的荒漠肉苁蓉遗传多样性、荒漠肉苁蓉种群和种内的遗传多样性进行分析。在供试材料中,8个引物共扩增出144个多态位点,多态位点百分率达100%,5个居群的多态位点百分率差异在46.53%～77.78%之间。在物种水平上,Nei基因多样度(h)为0.260 4,Shannon多样性指数(I)是0.411 0。遗传变异分析表明,物种水平的居群间遗传分化系数Gst为0.222 2,居群间的基因流Nm为1.750 7。研究显示古尔班通古特沙漠中荒漠肉苁蓉多态位点比例高,各居群基因交流较多,不同居群间遗传变异并不明显,这些对肉从蓉资源有效地保护和利用具有重要意义。     

湿地松×洪都拉斯加勒比松遗传多样性的ISSR分析

杂交育种是产生遗传变异、表型变异及选择新变异的重要方法。然而系统发育不清晰,选择较近的亲缘关系亲本用于杂交子代往往表现出较低的遗传多样性。为探究湿地松、洪都拉斯加勒比松种间杂交后代遗传多样性水平,对8个湿地松×洪都拉斯加勒比松家系进行ISSR分析。利用10条引物共产生60个表达清晰可用于分析的标记,其中48个标记表现为多态性,占总标记数的80%; 湿加松各个家系多态位点百分率在5%～23.33%之间; 各个家系基因多样性指数在 0.015 2～0.087 2之间,Shannon指数的范围在 0.021 6～0.129 4之间(家系水平为 0.293 4)。8个家系间的基因分化系数G_st为0.743 5,即总的遗传变异中有74.35%的变异存在于家系间,家系内的遗传变异占总遗传变异的25.65%。采用UPGMA法对湿加松的8个家系进行了聚类分析,确定了各个家系之间的遗传亲缘关系。8个家系间的基因流N_m为 0.172 5,表明基因流处于较低水平。     

滇杨遗传多样性的SRAP分析

采用SRAP标记分析滇杨的遗传多样性和遗传结构。用筛选出的7对引物组合分析来自7个居群共208个样本,共扩增得到条带146条,多态性条带73条,多态带百分率为50%。滇杨物种水平上的观测等位基因数(Na)为1.500 0,有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.230 9,Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)与Shannon’s信息指数(I)分别为0.136 6与0.210 0。遗传分化系数(Gst)为0.529 4,基因流(Nm)为0.444 4,表明居群间的遗传变异大于居群内,其基因交流处于中等水平。AMOVA分析也表明居群间的变异占总变异的55.61%。UPGMA、PCo A和Bayesian聚类分析结果一致,均显示丽江与曲靖居群、楚雄与昭通居群的亲缘关系较近。Mantel test结果表明滇杨居群间的遗传距离与地理距离不相关。     

刺槐不同居群遗传多样性的ISSR分析

利用ISSR标记对全国10个刺槐居群子代100个个体的遗传多样性进行了比较分析,从65个随机引物中筛选出10个多态性引物进行扩增,共检测到91个位点,多态位点数(AP)为85,多态位点百分率(P)为93.41%.刺槐在种级水平的遗传多样性参数略高于居群水平,多态位点百分率(P)分别为95.60%、69.01%,Shannon′s信息指数(I)分别为0.6145、0.3733,Nei′s基因多样性指数(H)分别为0.4337、0.2514.居群间的遗传分化指数Gst、Nei′s基因多样性指数和Shannon′s信息指数统计结果,均显示出中国刺槐居群内遗传多样性大于居群间遗传多样性.利用PopGen32软件对10个居群进行聚类分析可知,10个刺槐群体可分为三大类,亲缘关系和地理分布呈一定的相关性,但没有形成明显的地理变异模式.     

湖北中华蚊母ISSR遗传多样性分析及保护策略

利用ISSR分子标记技术,对湖北省三峡库区内中华蚊母的4个自然居群和1个迁地居群的遗传多样性和遗传结构进行了分析.结果表明,中华蚊母具有较高水平的遗传多样性,8个引物共得到47条带,其中多态性条带为44,多态性条带百分率(PPF)为94%;每个位点的等位基因数(A)为2,有效等位基因数(Ae)为1.37;总遗传多样性Nei s基因多样性指数(Hp)为0.237 9,Shannon信息多样性指数(I)为0.386 8,高于地方特有种平均水平.5个居群总的遗传变异Ht为0.238 7,居群内的遗传变异Hs为0.212 9,居群间的遗传分化系数Gst为0.108 0,表明在总的遗传变异中有89.2%的变异存在于居群内,仅10.80%存在于居群间;居群间的基因流Nm为4.130 6,表明居群间有较大程度的基因交流.UPGMA聚类分析和主成分分析显示中华蚊母在湖北境内主要分为两个居群组,在湖北境内的长江三峡沿岸沿渡河、香溪、乐天溪及三峡植物园居群聚为一大类,离长江沿岸较远的高家堰聚为另一大类.迁地保护居群三峡植物园的遗传多样性水平略高于中华蚊母自然居群的遗传多样性,说明三峡植物园对中华蚊母遗传多样性的迁地保护策略是基本成功的.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.