金线莲一促生真菌原生质体制备和再生研究

从药用植物内生真菌中筛选到对植物生长有显著促进作用的粘帚霉属的一种真菌（Ｇｌｉｏｃｌａｄｉｕｍｓｐ.简称Ｙ菌）,以它为出发菌株,进行原生质体制备与再生条件的研究。将培养４８ｈ的Ｙ菌菌丝体经过巯基乙醇处理３０ｍｉｎ,并用１％的纤维素酶和溶壁酶混合液于２８℃酶解３ｈ,原生质体得率可达２．１４Ｘ１０^７个／ｍＬ,在含０.５Ｍ的甘露醇为稳渗剂的再生培养基上,其原生质体的再生率可达３．８６ｘ１０^４。     

芽孢杆菌M_(50)产生β甘露聚糖酶的条件研究

从土壤中分离到９ 株产生β甘露聚糖酶的芽孢杆菌（ Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｐ ．） 。Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓｓｐ ． Ｍ５０２５０ｍ Ｌ三角瓶摇瓶培养试验,以４ ％ 的魔芋粉为碳源,１－０ ％ （ ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４ 为氮源,０－３５ ％Ｎａ２ＣＯ３ ,３０ ～３４ ℃培养６０ｈ 产酶达到高峰。酶活力为１８０ ～２００ｕ／ｍ Ｌ。１００Ｌ 罐发酵,在３０ ～３２ ℃,１∶０ ．７５ｖｖｍ 通气量,２００ｒ／ｍｉｎ 条件下,发酵液酶活力高达３３０ｕ／ｍ Ｌ。酶的最适反应温度和ｐＨ 分别为５０ ℃和６－０ ,低于５０ ℃,ｐＨ５ ．０ ～７ ．０ 酶稳定。Ｆｅ^３＋ 、Ａｌ^３＋ 、ＥＤＴＡ、Ｈｇ^２＋ 对酶有抑制作用,而Ｂａ^２＋ 、Ｍｎ^２＋ 对酶有激活作用。发酵粗酶液对苎麻精干麻精练,显示对精干麻的半纤维素残胶具有降解作用。     

酵母菌属间原生质体融合：构建高产麦角固醇的优良品系

采用属间原生质体融合技术,对麦角固醇含量较高、细胞生物量低的裂殖酵母（Ｓｃｈｚｉｏｓａｃｃｈ－ａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ）单倍体ＹＧ－１－１４－５８（ａｍｅｔ^－ｔｒｐ^－）与细胞生物量较高、麦角固醇含量低的酿酒酵母（Ｓｕｃｃｈ－ａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ）单倍体ＹＧ－２８－３２－１３５（ａａｄｅ^－ｈｉｘ^－）进行原生质体融合,在高渗基本选择培养基上挑选融合子,并对获得的大量融合子进行了形态、生理生化、遗传稳定性、细     

诺卡氏菌形放线菌β甘露聚糖酶的纯化和性质

产β１ ,４Ｄ甘露聚糖酶的诺卡氏菌形放线菌（ Ｎｏｃａｒｄｉｏｆｏｒｍ ａｃｔｉｎｏｍｙｃｅｔｅｓ） 菌株ＮＡ３５４０ ,发酵培养７２ｈ ,发酵液离心去菌体,上清经硫酸铵沉淀,９５ ％ 乙醇沉淀,ＣＭＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ａ５０ 柱层析、羟基磷灰石柱层析、ＤＥＡＥ纤维素离子交换及Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ１００ 分子凝胶过滤柱等步骤,β甘露聚糖酶的比活提高了１３７ 倍,获得凝胶电泳均一的蛋白样品。经ＳＤＳＰＡＧＥ 和凝胶过滤法分别测定β甘露聚糖酶分子量为４１ｋＤ和４０ｋＤ,证明该酶为单聚体;用等电聚焦电泳测得其等电点为４－８ ;经氨基酸组成分析,发现蛋白中有较高含量的Ｇｌｙ、Ａｓｐ、Ａｌａ 及Ｇｌｕ 残基。该酶的最适反应温度为７５ ℃,在不超过６０ ℃时酶活较稳定;酶反应的最适ｐＨ 为８－０ ,ｐＨ 稳定范围为６－５～１１－０ 。重金属离子Ｈｇ^２＋ 、Ｃｕ^２＋ 、Ｐｂ^２＋ 、Ｆｅ^3＋ 、Ｃｏ^２＋ 、Ｚｎ^２＋ 能强烈抑制该酶活性,而Ｍｎ^２＋ 、Ｆｅ^２＋ 、Ａｇ^＋ 对该酶有部分的抑制作用,低浓度的Ｎａ^＋ 、Ｋ^＋ 、Ｌｉ^＋ 对该酶基本没有影响。     

阿特拉津降解菌株的分离和鉴定*

从农药厂废水中分离到６株能以除草剂阿特拉津为唯一氮源生长的细菌，即假单胞菌（Ｐｓｅｕ－ｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｓｐｐ．）ＡＤ１、ＡＤ２和 ＡＤ６，土壤杆菌（Ａｇｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ　ｓｐ．）ＡＤ４，黄单胞菌（Ｘａｎｔｈｏｍｏｎａｓ ｓｐ．）ＡＤＳ，欧文氏菌（Ｅｒｗｉｎｉａ ｓｐ．）ＡＤ７。ＡＤ１菌株能使无机盐培养基中的 ０．３ｇ／Ｌ阿特拉津在７２ｈ内降解９９，９％。当以ＡＤ１、ＡＤ２、ＡＤ４、ＡＤ５、ＡＤ６和ＡＤ７菌株的总ＤＮＡ为模板进行ＰＣＲ扩增时，除Ａ     

无花果曲霉原生质体形成与再生条件的探讨

根据正交试验得出无花果曲霉原生质体形成的最佳条件,用１％的混合酶液（０．５％纤维素酶＋０．２５％蜗牛酶＋０．２５％溶菌酶）作用无花果曲霉菌体细胞,原生质体产量达３．２×１０７个·ｍｌ－１,渗透压稳定剂为０．６ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１ＫＣｌ于０．２ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１ＰＯ３＋４（ｐＨ５．８）中,酶解时间和酶解温度分别为３．０ｈ、３０℃．比较不同酶解时间、再生稳定剂和碳源等因素对原生质体再生的影响,可确定最佳再生条件,再生率达３０％以上．     

米曲霉原生质体融合及杂合二倍体的形成

采用混合酶液处理纤维素酶高产苗株３０４２_Ｎ－２（天冬酰胺缺陷型“Ａｓｎ^－”）及蛋白酶高产菌株３０４２_Ｎ－１９（蛋氨酸缺陷型“Ｍｅｔ^－”）的营养菌丝,获得原生质体,以ＰＥＧ为助融剂进行融合处理,成功地获得了米曲霉（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓｏｒｙｚａｅ）原生质体的营养互补融合。将异核体菌落的菌丝转接到合有０．１％樟脑的新鲜ＭＭ上,２５℃诱导培养７─１５天,挑取绿色角变菌落的孢子,将其转接到ＭＭ上能迅速生长,经孢     

β－甘露聚糖酶酶解植物胶及其产物对双歧杆菌的促生长作用

由地衣芽孢杆菌ＮＫ－２７获得的β－甘露聚糖酶在４０℃、酶液终浓度１ｕ／ｍｌ时,经１２ｈ水解魔芋粉、角豆胶、瓜儿豆胶和田菁胶所生成的酶解产物,经薄层层析检测表明为单糖和低聚糖。在ＰＹＧ和ＧＡＭ液体培养基中,添加不同量的四种植物胶酶解产物对青春双歧杆菌（Ｂｉｆｉｄｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍａｄｏｌｅ－ｓｃｅｎｔｉｓ）具有明显的促生长作用,菌体增殖数从１０^７提高到１０^８个／ｍｌ。     

蔗渣水解液发酵乙醇的研究

研究了酵母（Ｐｉｃｈｉａｓｔｉｐｉｔｉｓ）Ｙ７１２４在限制供氧条件下尽管反应初期葡萄糖消耗速率大于木糖,但在一定时间后,葡萄糖的消耗速率变慢,而木糖消耗速率变快直至耗尽的现象。建立了气升柱以Ｐ．Ｓｔｉｐｉｔｉｓ转化木糖为目的和以溢流柱Ｓａｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓｃｅｒｉｖｉｓｉａｅ转化残留葡萄糖为目的的串联发酵乙醇工艺,即流加５倍浓缩的蔗渣水解液,Ｄ＝０.１ｈ^－１,还原糖总利用率为９７.２％,酒精浓度为４６.５ｇ／Ｌ,生产率为４.１ｇ／Ｌ·ｈ。     

克鲁维酵母种间原生质体融合的研究

乳酸克鲁维酵母(Kluyueromyces lactis Y12—1)和脆壁克鲁维酵母(K.fragilis8554)是乳糖酶生产菌株。应用原生质体融合技术进行了两菌株种问融合的研究。通过试验．原生质体形成及再生的最佳条件为：对数期的细胞,2％的蜗牛酶．30℃酶解30分钟．原生质体形成率90％以上,再生率20%左右。原生质体融合由聚乙二醇(PEG)诱导。K.lactisY12-l不能旋酵菊糖;K.fragilis 8554不能同化D－松三糖和麦芽糖;利用二菌株自身的营养缺陷性质获得融合子。融合子既能发酵菊糖又能同化D－松三糖和麦芽糖;融合子的DNA含量约为二亲株之和;融合子的菌落形态与亲株相比有一定差别．在以乳糖为碳源的培养基中,融合子的乳糖酶产量提高14一l6％;连续15次传代,融合子稳定。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.