大肠杆菌O157：H7毒素的研究进展

大肠杆菌Ｏ１５７：Ｈ７是肠出血性大肠杆菌（ＥＨＥＣ）的主要病原血清型,它可通过特殊的粘附因子粘附靶器官,产生类志贺毒素Ⅰ,Ⅱ（ＳＬＴ－Ⅰ,Ⅱ）和肠溶血清（ｈｌｙ）等发挥作用,可引起肠出血性腹泻、溶血性尿素综合征（ＨＵＳ）、血栓形成性血小板减少性紫癜（ＴＴＰ）等疾病。     

人巨细胞病毒感染新生乳鼠原代培养脑神经细胞研究

为了研究确定人巨细胞病毒（ＨＣＭＶ）体外感染Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ新生乳鼠原代培养脑神经细胞及其感染特征,制备了培养了新生乳鼠脑神经细胞并进行病毒感染。感染后每隔２￣３天在倒置显微镜下观察活细胞培养物并摄影记录。在感染后第１￣４周,取样进行苏木素－伊红（ＨＥ）染色及尼氏（Ｎｉｓｓｌ）染色。同时,用已知抗ＨＣＭＶ外膜蛋白的单克隆抗体进行免疫细胞化学染色,和地高辛标记的ＨＣＭＶ寡核苷酸特异性探针进行原位杂交,检     

携带定居因子抗原的非毒素原性大肠杆菌 CF138 株特性的鉴定

对自腹泻病人粪便标本中分离的携带定居因子抗原的菌株（命名为ＣＦ１３８）的特性,侧重从两个方面进行了鉴定。通过电子显微镜观察,发现其菌体表面具有ＣＳ１及ＣＳ３纤毛结构,聚乙烯珠粘附试验结果证实具有粘附作用,甘露糖抗性血凝试验呈抗性凝集,与ＣＦＡ／Ⅱ抗血清作用显示强凝集阳性,属０６：Ｈ１６血清型,采用家兔肠攀试验,乳鼠ＳＴ活性测定及用ＬＴ、ＳＴ放射性ＤＮＡ探针检测等现行测定ＬＴ及ＳＴ肠毒素的方法,证实该株不产生肠毒素,结果表明该株属具有定居因子抗原的非毒素原性大肠杆菌自然诱变株。灌注该株菌体的免疫豚鼠产生了抵抗肠毒原性大肠杆菌攻击的保护力,表明该株系一潜在的抗ＥＴＥＣ感染的侯选菌苗株。     

百日咳毒素单克隆抗体在抗感染中的应用

百日咳毒素（ＰＴ）单克隆抗体（ＰＴ－ＭｃＡｂ）具有特异性中和体外和体内百日咳毒素的促进白细胞增多（ＬＰ）、组胺敏感（ＨＳ）、胰岛激活（ＩＡ）、腺苷三磷酸核糖基转移酶（ＡＤＰ－Ｒ）、ＣＨＯ细胞簇聚等多种生物学活性的特性,同时亦具有防御百日咳杆菌脑内和气溶胶攻击的保护作用。     

B－E－A毒素的作用机制

Ｂ－Ｅ－Ａ毒素的作用机制毛献荣（中国科学院上海生物化学研究所,上海２０００３１）关键词Ｂ－Ｅ－Ａ毒素,酶活力许多细菌和植物都能产生对哺乳动物有很强细胞毒性的蛋白质,并且它们在结构和作用方式上都很不同。一般根据毒素的主要的破坏位点是在胞液中（通过酶活性...     

丙型肝炎病毒E2基因DNA免疫实验动物研究

将编码丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）Ｅ２蛋白４１７～７５０位氨基酸的ＤＮＡ片段　克隆到真核表达载体ｐｃＤＮＡ　３．１（－）中的ＣＭＶ　ＩＥ启动子下游,构建成ＨＣＶ　Ｅ２重组真核表达质粒　ｐｃＥ２。ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测ｐｃＥ２　ＤＮＡ免疫兔血清中的Ｅ２抗体变化和维持规律,结果显示免疫２０ｄ已有　抗体产生,３０ｄ后开始进入高峰,４０ｄ时达到最高值,至第９０ｄ抗体水平保持平稳,抗体滴度　达到１∶１６００左右。流式细胞计数仪（ＦＡＣＳ）检测ｐｃＥ２　ＤＮＡ免疫鼠ＣＤ４＋、ＣＤ８＋Ｔ淋巴细胞变　化情况,与注射空载体ｐＣＤＮＡ３．１（－）的阴性鼠相比,ＣＤ４＋淋巴细胞水平略有上升,ＣＤ８＋　细胞水平有较大升高,增幅达３５．４６％。免疫组化检测结果显示注射ｐｃＥ２的小鼠组织中有明显　的阳性着色,而注射ｐｃＤＮＡ３．１（－）的对照组小鼠免疫组化结果为阴性。以上结果表明：ｐｃＥ２　在实验动物内表达出的ＨＣＶ　Ｅ２蛋白可以引起免疫动物的体液免疫应答和细胞免疫应答,尤其　是ＭＨＣ－１限制性杀伤性ＣＤ８＋Ｔ淋巴细胞水平的提高对清除　病毒是十分有利的,因此ＨＣＶ　Ｅ２　ＤＮＡ免疫有可能成为预防和治疗ＨＣＶ感染的一条新途径。     

T—2毒素对心肌细胞电生理特性的影响及硒的保护作用

本实验在培养的Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞上观察了Ｔ－２毒素对膜电位活动的影响及硒的保护作用。结果表明,Ｔ－２毒素（０．１,０．５,５．０ｍｇ／Ｌ）使心肌细胞动作电位幅值（ＡＰＡ）、超射（ＯＳ）、阈电位（ＴＰ）、最大舒张电位（ＭＤＰ）及最大除极速率（Ｖｍａｘ）显著降低。使复极化时程（ＡＰＤ１０、ＡＰＤ５０、ＡＰＫ９０）延长;动作电位发放频率（ＡＰＦ）受到明显抑制。提示Ｔ－２毒素能抑制Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｋ     

Vero细胞毒素大肠菌（VTEC）的分离及表型和分子生物学特性的研究

２６株Ｖｅｒｏ细胞毒素（ＶＴ）阳性大肠菌,经分子生物学鉴定表明,其中１４株与ＥＨＥＣ探针杂交阳性,按Ｌｅｖｉｎｅ等的标准判定属产Ｖｅｒｏ细胞毒素大肠菌（ＶＴＥＣ）,其血清型为Ｏ_１５７：Ｈ_７３株（血便２株,脓血便１株）,Ｏ_２５７ＮＭ３株（血便１株,腹泻牛便２株）,Ｏ_２９样便１株）;其余１２株虽ＶＴ毒素阳性,但ＥＨＥＣ探针阴性,按标准判定尚难确认,有待进一步研究。     

一氧化氮抑制内皮素促血管平滑肌细胞增殖作用的信号转导途径

培养的家兔胸主动脉血管平滑肌细胞（ＶＳＭＣ）分别以内皮素（ＥＴ－１）、一氧化氮（ＮＯ）前体Ｌ－Ａｒｇ和ＮＯ供体ＳＩＮ－１刺激,或用ＥＴ－１＋Ｌ－Ａｒｇ、ＥＴ－１＋ＳＩＮ－１联合刺激,测ＶＳＭＣ＾３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入、丝裂素活化蛋白激酶（ＭＡＰＫ）活性及蛋白激酶Ｃ（ＰＫＣ）活性的改变,以研究ＮＯ抑制ＥＴ－１促ＶＳＭＣ增殖作用的信号转导途径。结果表明：（１）ＥＴ－１ １０＾－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ单独刺激,＾３Ｈ－     

氧化HDL_2在大鼠肝窦状隙细胞内代谢

大鼠肝窦状隙细胞培养结果显示：氧化高密度脂蛋白２（ｏｘ－ＨＤＬ２）对异硫氰酸荧光素（ＦＩＴＣ）荧光标记ｏｘ－ＨＤＬ２的细胞结合有竞争抑制作用,而ＨＤＬ２则无。细胞内吞ＦＩＴＣ－ｏｘ－ＨＤＬ２的荧光强度（ＦＳ）和［３Ｈ］ＣＥ－ｏｘ－ＨＤＬ２（ｒ－ｏｘ－ＨＤＬ２）的放射强度分别是内吞ＦＩＴＣ－ＨＤＬ２的４５．５％和ｒＨＤＬ２的６１．４％。内吞ＦＳ主要存在于三氯醋酸（ＴＣＡ）沉淀部分,而放射强度主要存在于ＴＣＡ上清液部分。细胞释放的ＦＳ和放射活性分别是内吞量的６７．７％和１０．９％,且主要存在于ＴＣＡ可沉淀部分。结果提示：（１）大鼠肝窦状隙细胞可能存在着ｏｘ－ＨＤＬ受体,该受体不同于ＨＤＬ受体。（２）ｏｘ－ＨＤＬ２在细胞内代谢方式与ＨＤＬ２相似,均没有经历溶酶体分解途径。在细胞内载脂蛋白与胆固醇酯（ＣＥ）组分经历一个解离过程。细胞截留大部分ＣＥ后,将载脂蛋白（Ａｐｏ）与剩余ＣＥ重组成脂蛋白并以逆向胞饮方式释放到胞外。（３）氧化修饰减弱ＨＤＬ２逆向转运胆固醇能力     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.