利用套叠PCR和高保真DNA聚合酶进行基因多位点突变的研究

利用套叠PCR和高保真DNA聚合酶对人工合成的牛口蹄疫病毒VPI基因(FMDV-VPI,Foot-Mouth Disease Vims-VPI)的5个突变位点进行修复,修复的成功率为100％。     

获取全长cDNA若干方法的比较

生物技术突飞猛进大大提高了人类认识自身及与人类息息相关的生命现象的能力。近几年内 ,人类 [1,2 ]、模式生物拟南芥 ( Arabidopsis thaliana) [3 5]及水稻的基因组测序 [6,7]的草图相继完成 ,给人类又提出了新的挑战 :如何鉴定这些序列的功能及如何解析生命现象的基因本质 ,这是一个更加庞大而又极富挑战性的课题 ,正促使一门新的学科即功能基因组学 ( Functional genomics)的产生与蓬勃发展。不论功能基因组学多么深奥 ,其认识基因功能的基本前提是获取可能有相关功能的基因之全长编码序列。其中 ,全长 c DNA序列的获取是正确地注释基…     

The evolutionary ecology of symbiont-conferred resistance to parasitoids in aphids

Abstract Aphids may harbor a wide variety of facultative bacterial endosymbionts. These symbionts are transmitted maternally with high fidelity and they show horizontal trans-mission as well, albeit at rates too low to enable infectious spread. Such symbionts need to provide a net fitness benefit to their hosts to persist and spread. Several symbionts haveachieved this by evolving the ability to protect their hosts against parasitoids. Reviewing empirical work and some models, I explore the evolutionary ecology of symbiont-conferredresistance to parasitoids in order to understand how defensive symbiont frequencies are maintained at the intermediate levels observed in aphid populations. I further show thatdefensive symbionts alter the reciprocal selection between aphids and parasitoids by augmenting the heritable variation for resistance, by increasing the genetic specificity of thehost-parasitoid interaction, and by inducing environment-dependent trade-offs. These effects are conducive to very dynamic, symbiont-mediated coevolution that is driven by frequency-dependent selection. Finally I argue that defensive symbionts represent a problem for biological control of pest aphids, and I propose to mitigate this problem byexploiting the parasitoids＇ demonstrated ability to rapidly evolve counteradaptations to symbiont-conferred resistance.     

利用高保真酶扩增特性调整基因读码框的方法

在基因工程研究中,经常要涉及到对目的基因读码框进行调整的研究。本文报道了利用高保真DNA聚合酶扩增DNA后产生平末端的特性,及限制性内切酶对一重组的原核表达载体pET28a-HA进行读码框调整的研究,测序结果显示读码框按照预期设计正确调整,表明高保真DNA聚合酶可以用于DNA 3'凹陷端的补平,在DNA 3'凹陷端平滑化时多了一个有效的选择。     

不同DNA聚合酶对运用ARTIC工作流的新型冠状病毒纳米孔测序的影响

摘要 目的：为了验证不同高保真DNA聚合酶是否会对运用ARTIC工作流进行新型冠状病毒纳米孔测序产生影响。方法：使用英国Nanopore公司MinION测序仪对2份已获得全基因组序列的新冠肺炎确诊病例核酸样本分别采用KAPA HiFi HotStart ReadyMix,PrimeSTAR?誖GXL DNA Polymerase和NEBNext High-Fidelity 2X PCR Master Mix进行ARTIC工作流的多重PCR扩增,对扩增产物进行测序,并对测序质量进行分析。结果：不同高保真DNA聚合酶在相同扩增条件下,扩增产物的质检结果和测序质量均不相同,NEBNext High-Fidelity 2X PCR Master Mix在覆盖度和测序深度上明显好于另外两种酶。结论：NEBNext High-Fidelity 2X PCR Master Mix在纳米孔新型冠状病毒ARTIC快速测序工作流中的应用效果较好。     

Pfu DNA聚合酶的表达条件优化及纯化研究

Pfu DNA聚合酶是分子生物学研究中最常用的高保真DNA聚合酶之一。本研究对重组菌株的Pfu酶基因表达条件进行优化,以提高Pfu DNA聚合酶的表达效率。通过在菌液深度OD600=0.87时加入1.5 mmol/L的IPTG进行诱导培养,诱导培养时间为11.03 h,用酶溶法对重组菌株进行破胞提取粗酶液,经热变性法与盐析沉淀法对杂酶进行纯化,最后经过透析后得到纯酶。采用考马斯亮蓝G-250法对酶进行含量测定及SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)检测纯度,最后使用PCR反应检测提纯后的Pfu酶的活性。结果表明优化处理后制备的Pfu DNA聚合酶,其纯度、酶活性和酶特异性均达到市售的Pfu DNA聚合酶水平。本研究为Pfu DNA聚合酶的开发和利用奠定了基础。     

单核苷酸多态性分析在近交系大鼠遗传检测中的应用

目的研究SNP在近交系大鼠遗传检测中的应用。方法 选取大鼠20号染色体MHC所在P12区上的9个SNP位点,应用新建立的高保真酶特异性检测SNP基因分型技术对五种常用近交系大鼠(BN、F344、WKY、LEW、SHR)和两种新培育近交系大鼠(MIJ和HFJ)进行SNP多态性分析。结果五种常用近交系的SNP检测结果与Rat Genome Database网站提供的基因型数据一致,并检测确立了新品系的SNP基因型。同时绘制出七种近交系大鼠在该9个SNP位点的遗传扩增图谱。结论运用所筛选的9个SNP位点进行大鼠多态性分析,能够快速、可靠地对BN、F344、WKY、LEW、SHR及MIJ、HFJ进行遗传监测。     

高保真酶特异性检测大鼠SNP基因型新方法

目的应用高保真酶（Pfu）和3’末端修饰引物在单管双向等位基因特异性扩增（SB-ASA）中区分SNP基因型,建立高保真酶特异性检测SNP基因型的新方法。方法选取近交系大鼠SNP位点,以RS8149053为例,设计两个外部引物和两个等位基因特异性引物,四引物3’末端进行硫代磷酸化修饰,应用高保真聚合酶（Pfu）进行特异性扩增,扩增结果测序验证其可靠性。结果在RS8149053 SNP位点（C/T）上,等位基因型CC扩增出179 bp目的片段,基因型TT扩增出597 bp目的片段,基因型不同则扩增出分子量不同的片段,目的条带测序结果与Rat Genome Database数据库基因型结果一致,高保真酶扩增结果稳定且特异性强。结论高保真酶等位基因特异性扩增技术能有效降低假阳性率,是一种快速、特异的SNP基因分型新方法。     

A hot start alternative for high-fidelity DNA polymerase amplification mediated by quantum dots

Quantum dots （QDs） are of great interest due to their unique chemical and physical properties. Recently, a hot start （HS） polymerase chain reaction （PCR） amplification performance based on QDs with a high-fidelity Pfu DNA polymerase has been reported. However, whether QDs can trigger HS effects with other high-fidelity or conventional DNA polymerases is yet to be understood. In the present study, we studied the QD-triggered HS effects with four high-fidelity and three conventional DNA polymerases, and the HS effect comparisons among them were also made. It was found that QDs could trigger a distinct HS PCR amplification performance with all the four tested high,fidelity DNA polymerases, and specific target DNA could be well amplified even if the PCR mixture was preincubated for 2 h at 50℃. On the contrary, the HS effects were not prominent with all the three conventional Taq DNA polymerases. Specifically, the fidelity of Pfu is not sacrificed in the presence of QDs, even after a 1 h pre-incu- bation at 50℃ before PCR. Furthermore, the electrophoresis results preliminarily demonstrated that QDs prefer to adsorb high-fidelity polymerases rather than conventional ones, which might result in the QD-triggered HS effects on PCR performance by using high-fidelity DNA poly- merases.     

主编导读

热稳定性高、耐盐性能好、扩增速率高、保真度高的DNA聚合酶在PCR反应中具有广泛的用途.翁妍等[1]从超嗜热古菌(Thermococcus eurythermalis)中克隆了一个B家族DNA聚合酶,命名为Teu-PolB DNA聚合酶.该DNA聚合酶的扩增速率和保真度优于Taq和Pfu DNA聚合酶.扩增产量略高于P...