警惕一种潜在的入侵性有害生物多孔曼粉蚧

【目的】明确北京口岸从泰国进口的红毛丹果实表皮中检出活体粉蚧的种类及其分类地位、分布、潜在入侵危害性等情况。【方法】通过形态特征和DNA条形码技术对截获样本进行比对鉴定,并结合相关文献对其进行综合分析。【结果】该粉蚧为多孔曼粉蚧Maconellicoccus multipori(Takahashi,1951),隶属于半翅目Hemiptera粉蚧科Pseudococcidae蔓粉蚧属Maconellicoccus。同时详细介绍了该粉蚧的形态特征,以及我国口岸对曼粉蚧属的截获情况,讨论了多孔曼粉蚧的检疫意义。【结论】口岸应对该虫引起足够的重视,加强针对该虫的检疫措施,严防该虫入侵我国。     

Barging in: A Temperate Marine Community Travels to the Subantarctic

A diverse fouling community discovered encrusting a barge intended for deployment at subantarctic Macquarie Island is described and its role as a transport vector for non-indigenous marine organisms is discussed. The barge proved to be a potential vector capable of transporting entire epi-bethic communities, 20 species in total, from a temperate estuarine system (Derwent River, Tasmania, Australia) into the subantarctic. For one invasive amphipod species Monocorophium acherusicum, over 136000 individuals including ovigerous females were calculated to be associated with the barge fouling community. Although distinct differences exist between the thermal ranges of Macquarie Island and the Bruny bioregion of Tasmania, a hazard assessment based on the Gower similarity coefficient suggested sufficient similarity between the two environments to allow for survival of transported organisms for eight months of the year. Several invasive species are able to survive the thermal conditions of the subantarctic irrespective of the time of year. This study identifies the need for effective quarantine measures aimed at identifying and managing marine biosecurity hazards in association with human activities in high latitude regions.     

根螨属螨类进境风险分析

通过对根螨进境风险进行定性分析,初步认为花叶芋根螨(Rhizoglyphus caladii)、小根螨(R.minutus)、长毛根螨(R.setosus)和单列根螨(R.singularis)为检疫性有害生物;刺足根螨(R.echinopus)和罗宾根螨(R.robini)为限定的非检疫性有害生物。     

保护我国生物安全的检疫对策研究

本文提出广义生物安全的概念应包括人类健康,农业和环境生物（生物多样性）安全三个方面,通过回顾与其相关的国际和国内组织及法规的发展历史,分析了生物安全管理的发展方向和存在问题,并从口岸卫生和检疫的角度对我国的生物安全保护提出了对策。     

进境植物检疫性有害生物名录中二种象虫学名的订正

2007年5月28日公布的《中华人民共和国进境植物检疫性有害生物名录》中,隶属于鞘翅目象虫总科的2种象虫的学名需要更正。李虎象Rhynchites cupreus(L.)正确的学名应为Involvulus cupreus(L.);西瓜船象Baris granulipennis(Tournier)正确的学名应为Acythopeus granulipennis(Tournier),文章根据《国际动物命名法规》对上述种类的学名变更进行论述。同时,文章还讨论进境植物检疫过程中应该注意的问题。     

广东口岸进境红火蚁截获动态分析

本文对广东口岸自2005年至2007年截获的红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren进行了分析,表明广东口岸近年来红火蚁截获批次逐年增加,其传带货物来源的国家和地区多、种类复杂,检疫查验形势严峻。提出了以加强来自疫区高风险货物的检疫质量、扩大口岸进境货物的检疫范围、建立口岸监测体系以及提高检疫除害处理的检疫监管措施。     

Determination of host status of citrus fruits against the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Abstract  The Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) is a pest of citrus in parts of Western Australia. Three citrus cultivars: Valencia oranges, Eureka lemons and Imperial mandarins, as well as non-citrus control fruits, were examined for attractiveness and suitability to Medfly in the field and in the laboratory using choice and no-choice experiments. Oranges were more susceptible to Medfly than mandarins and lemons. Punctures in the skin had a significant impact on the degree of infestation in both citrus and non-citrus control fruit. Artificial infestation and larval survivorship were used to investigate the suitability of each cultivar to Medfly under laboratory conditions. Oranges and mandarins were suitable for the development of Medfly, but lemons were a poor host. When each cultivar was in season, field cage trials demonstrated that infestation occurred in oranges and mandarins but not in lemons.     

大家白蚁对几种饵剂的选择性

在木材检疫中利用对白蚁有引诱作用的几种物质,进行不同的配比,对白蚁的食物选择性进行研究。室内结果表明:在5种配比中TB04(甘蔗粉+棕檬醛)的效果最好,其取食率、泥被面积及泥被覆盖率分别达到47.74%±4.69%、(8.06±0.18)cm2和89.53%±1.96%。室外诱集试验表明:TB03(甘蔗粉+木耳粉)、TB04均有较好的效果。温湿度试验表明:大家白蚁Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren取食的最佳温度为23~29℃,湿度高的条件下的诱集效果明显高于干燥条件下的诱集效果。诱集时间试验表明,随着时间的延长诱集效果逐渐明显,72h诱集数量趋于稳定。     

基于TaqMan探针的蜜蜂囊状幼虫病病毒荧光PCR检测方法的建立和应用

为建立快速有效的蜜蜂囊状幼虫病检疫方法, 依据TaqMan荧光标记探针技术原理, 针对蜜蜂囊状幼虫病病毒保守序列, 设计出一对特异性引物和一条探针, 建立了一种快速检测蜜蜂囊状幼虫病病毒的荧光PCR方法。该方法对蜜蜂囊状幼虫病的检测具有较好的特异性, 与蜜蜂急性麻痹病病毒、蜜蜂慢性麻痹病病毒、蜜蜂残翼病病毒和黑蜂王台病病毒之间均无交叉反应。检测灵敏度可达1.0×10²拷贝/μL阳性质粒, 可对低病毒含量的样品进行准确检测。重复性和稳定性试验结果显示, 变异系数为1.6%, 说明该方法具有较好的重复性和稳定性。应用该方法对蜜蜂及蜂制品进行检测, 结果显示所建立的荧光PCR检测方法4 h内即可报告检测结果, 该方法具有快速、灵敏、特异及重复性好等优点, 适用于蜜蜂及其制品中蜜蜂囊状幼虫病病毒的快速检疫。     

花生豆象的潜在威胁和检疫地位

【背景】花生豆象原产于非洲,目前已扩散至北美洲、亚洲和大洋洲,为害多种农作物,是重要的仓储害虫,1992年曾被列入《中华人民共和国进境植物检疫危险性病、虫、杂草名录》。但2007年颁布的《中华人民共和国进境植物检疫性有害生物名录》未包括花生豆象,原因可能是该虫已在我国云南等地发生。【方法】通过检视我国检疫部门截获的标本、核对“云南花生豆象”相关研究资料,说明花生豆象的鉴定特征,并使用CLIMEX3．0对其在我国的适生区进行预测分析。【结果】我国报道花生豆象的发生缘于我国酸角豆象的鉴定错误。花生豆象的外部形态与酸角豆象极为相似,但通过生殖器特征可以明确鉴定并区分这2种害虫。我国多个花生主产区是花生豆象的适生区,花生豆象一旦入侵,就会给我国的花生生产造成极大的损失。【结论与意义】花生豆象人侵我国的风险大,建议将其增补为中华人民共和国进境植物检疫性有害生物。