How is Afflictive Possession ‘Learned’? Gender and Motility in South India

This paper examines forms of affliction that are understood as a kind of possession, all the more afflictive because they are experienced as ‘coming out of nowhere’. It is easier to specify the kind of learning associated with valued forms of possession, which occur in the context of ritual performances that entail informal apprenticeships. The sense in which afflictive possession is ‘learned’ is far more diffuse, and occurs much earlier than the point at which diagnosis occurs. This paper traces such learning to early forms of socialisation into gender, focusing on motility and bodily comportment, as central to the way in which the lived body of gender moves between different practical environments. In an environment that includes spirits and deities, female movement acts as guarantor, not only of social stability, but of cosmological order and disorder.     

普通夜鹰的繁殖习性及雏鸟的生长发育

2007年5～6月,对1窝普通夜鹰的繁殖习性及雏鸟的生长发育进行了观察.普通夜鹰育雏期约为18 d.雌、雄性都参与孵卵和育雏.育雏期每天有3个喂食高峰期,分别是晚上20:00～22:00、凌晨0:00~2:00、早上4:00~6:00.育雏过程中,亲鸟的领域性弱,护雏性强.初级飞羽在雏鸟出壳6 d后长出,但生长速度最快.     

陕西秦岭蝎蛉的生物学观察

2004～2005年,在陕西省南部米仓山黎坪国家森林公园研究了秦岭蝎蛉Panorpa qinlingensis Chou et Ran的年生活史和生物学习性,通过饲养,成功获得卵、幼虫、蛹等虫态。结果表明,秦岭蝎蛉在米仓山1年发生2代,以预蛹在土室里越冬,5月中旬始见越冬代成虫,5月中旬末～6月上句为越冬代成虫羽化盛期,7月下旬～8月中句为第1代成虫羽化盛期,成虫在室内可存活35～60d。羽化近1周后开始交尾,交尾4～8d后开始产卵,单雌产卵量35～180粒,卵期5～9d;幼虫蝴型,共4龄。历期38～50d;蛹为强颚离蛹,蛹期8—18d。记述了主要生物学习性。     

云南龙马山滇金丝猴(Rhinopithecus bieti)冬季食性分析

2006年11月-2007年12月,对云南云龙县龙马山滇金丝猴(Rhinopithecus bieti)冬季食性进行了研究.采用粪便显微组织学分析技术分析龙马山滇金丝猴冬季采食植物的种类组成和比例,并测定了该猴群主要取食的15种植物(包括两种松萝科植物)(取食食物百分比>1%)和次要取食的10种植物(取食食物百分比<1%)的化学成分.研究结果表明,龙马山滇金丝猴冬季取食的植物共计26科45种,其中云龙箭竹、长松萝、花松萝、实竹、空心箭竹分别占19.78%、10.28%、8.37%、4.93%、4.46%,是滇金丝猴冬季主要取食的植物种类,占取食植物的47.99%.木本植物和草本植物的叶是滇金丝猴的主要食物,在冬季食物中所占百分比最高,达75%.冬季滇金丝猴比较喜欢采食P/F值较高、单宁含量较低的食物,其主要食物比次要食物含有较高的P/F值和较低的单宁(P<0.05).     

Forest Succession Endangers the Special Ant Fauna of Abandoned Quarries along the River Meuse (Wallonia,Belgium)

In Western Europe, old abandoned mining sites and quarries are often of high biodiversity and conservation value due to the presence of a number of endangered species. In the southern part of Belgium (Wallonia), many ancient quarries near the river Meuse are rather small and were abandoned from 50 to more than 100 years ago. In 2003, we collected 26 ant species by pitfall trapping in four of these quarries. In addition to common ones, several rare species, usually associated with mesomorphic to xeromorphic grasslands, were found in high numbers. Quarries undergoing forest succession were dominated by eurytopic species and by species typical of wet shadowy places, a fauna far less valuable in terms of nature conservation. Therefore, we suggest a management that halts further forest succession of open mesomorphic and xeromorphic habitat patches in these quarries. To assess and monitor the nature value of the ant fauna of these sites, we propose a so‐called habitat preference approach, wherein each species is assigned to one of the following three habitat preference categories: (1) eurytopic, (2) bound to wet shadow‐rich habitats, or (3) bound to dry open habitats. The stenotopic species of the last category are all endangered in Belgium and of high conservation value. The proportion of the total number of captured specimens included in the latter habitat preference category group is strongly reduced as scrub and tree encroachment advances. This proportion can therefore be used as a proxy to monitor the effects of management measures that prevent further forest succession.     

北部湾带鱼的摄食习性

2008年8月至2009年9月,对北部湾带鱼逐月渔获物胃含物进行鉴定和统计分析,研究其摄食习性.结果表明：北部湾带鱼捕食种类包括鱼类、头足类、底栖甲壳类以及浮游动物等,属于广食性动物.优势种类有少鳞犀鳕(37.99%)、蓝圆鲹(16.42%)和中国毛虾(10.03%).蓝圆鲹和尖吻小公鱼全年在全湾带鱼的食物中均有出现,是重要的饵料指标种类.摄食强度与饱满指数的季节差异十分显著(P<0.001),食物多样性无显著季节性差异(P>0.05),秋季最高,全年平均为1.97.聚类分析表明,北部湾带鱼在达到50%性成熟肛长值(190 mm)时,饵料由幼鱼的以小型浮游动物、中上层鱼类及甲壳类为主向成鱼的以较大型鱼类和头足类为主转换.     

普定喀斯特次生林木本植物叶生活型比例和谱系多样性的驱动因素

为探讨喀斯特森林落叶阔叶植物(DBL)与常绿阔叶植物(EBL)比例和生物多样性差异及其驱动因素，该研究以贵州省普定县43个喀斯特次生林样地作为研究对象，采用广义线性回归模型、模型选择和Mantel检验的多元回归方法，分析地理距离、环境(包括地形和基岩类型)和人类活动等因素对样地内落叶阔叶植物和常绿阔叶植物所占比例以及谱系多样性的影响。结果表明：(1)普定喀斯特次生林样地内落叶阔叶植物与常绿阔叶植物虽在物种丰富度和个体多度上总体相当，但样地间差异较大；样地落叶与常绿阔叶植物谱系alpha多样性(即SES.MPD)无明显差异，但落叶阔叶植物谱系beta多样性(即SES.betaMPD)明显小于常绿阔叶植物。(2)落叶阔叶植物丰富度占比和相对多度随基岩类型改变而变化，均表现为泥灰岩森林高于石灰岩森林，而落叶阔叶植物丰富度占比随人类活动增强而上升。(3)样地落叶阔叶植物谱系alpha多样性随人类活动增强而升高，而常绿阔叶植物谱系alpha多样性受环境和人类活动等因素的作用不明显；落叶阔叶植物和常绿阔叶植物谱系beta多样性受不同因素调节，前者随基岩类型和人类活动等因素变化而升高，后者则随地理距...     

中国大鲵的食性研究

１９８５－１９８８年，在陕西秦岭，大巴山中，先后１０个月共采集中国大鲵标本７１尾，其中幼林４０尾，成体３１尾。经过剖胃，观察胃容物并称重，分析中国大鲵食物的种类和数量。解剖中空胃４０尾，实胃３１尾，中国大鲵是肉食性捕食动物，幼体以螃蟹，昆虫等小型水生动物为食；成体以螃蟹，鱼，青蛙和水麝鼯等水生动物为食。     

南充高坪机场短耳 鸮 越冬期的食性分析和习性观察

2006年3～5月,收集南充高坪机场草地和周围松林越冬期短耳鸮(Asio flammeus)的食团,进行食性分析。在805个完整食团和一些零碎的食团中,小型兽类是短耳食物组成的主要成分,占98.4%,其中四川短尾(Anourosorex squamipes)所占比例最高,为97.2%。通过调查短耳鸮的食团在南充高坪机场草地里的分布情况,分析短耳v在机场草地的栖息地选择,发现短耳鸮并没有选择草高和密集的区域作为栖息场所,而高20cm左右的白茅(Imperata cylindrical)丛是短耳最喜欢栖息的场所。     

Antennal sensilla of grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in relation to food preferences and habits

The external structure, i.e. number and distribution of sensillae on male and female antennae of 12 species of grasshoppers belonging to Pamphaginae, Catantopinae, Oedipodinae and Gomphocerinae in the grasslands of Inner Mongolia was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Five major types of antennal sensillae were detected - trichoid, long basiconic, short basiconic, slender and short basiconic, and coeloconic sensillae. Total number of antennal sensillae varied among different sexes, subfamilies, feeding groups, life forms and eco-forms. Males showed significantly more sensillae than females, due to presence of more short basiconic and coeloconic sensillae. Species under Catantopinae showed more long basiconic sensillae than the others. The Oedipodinae had the highest number of slender and short basiconic sensillae and coeloconic sensillae, followed by Catantopinae and Gomphocerinae; while Pamphaginae had the fewest. The total number of sensillae showed the same trend for these two types amongst the subfamilies as well, species which prefer habits on the ground possessed fewer antennal sensillae than species which prefer to stay on plants. The maximal number of antennal sensillae were observed in hygrophytous species,Chorthippus albomarginatus, in the 12 grasshopper species investigated, although the data is not statistically significant. The general trend which emerged was that species feeding on grass possessed more antennal sensillae, particularly coeloconic sensillae, compared to other feeding group species.