云南龙马山滇金丝猴(Rhinopithecus bieti)冬季食性分析

2006年11月-2007年12月,对云南云龙县龙马山滇金丝猴(Rhinopithecus bieti)冬季食性进行了研究.采用粪便显微组织学分析技术分析龙马山滇金丝猴冬季采食植物的种类组成和比例,并测定了该猴群主要取食的15种植物(包括两种松萝科植物)(取食食物百分比>1%)和次要取食的10种植物(取食食物百分比<1%)的化学成分.研究结果表明,龙马山滇金丝猴冬季取食的植物共计26科45种,其中云龙箭竹、长松萝、花松萝、实竹、空心箭竹分别占19.78%、10.28%、8.37%、4.93%、4.46%,是滇金丝猴冬季主要取食的植物种类,占取食植物的47.99%.木本植物和草本植物的叶是滇金丝猴的主要食物,在冬季食物中所占百分比最高,达75%.冬季滇金丝猴比较喜欢采食P/F值较高、单宁含量较低的食物,其主要食物比次要食物含有较高的P/F值和较低的单宁(P<0.05).

Winter Food Habits of the Yunnan Snub-nosed Monkey( Rhinopithecus bieti) Found at Mt. Longma, Yunnan

From November 2006 to March 2007, we studied the winter diets of the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) found living at Mt. Longma, Yunnan Province. Fecal components including their relative proportions were quantified by micro-morphological analysis. Phytochemical components of 15 primary food items (including two species of Usneaceae) and 10 secondary food items of R. bieti were analyzed. Winter diets of the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey included 45 plant species of 26 families. Fargesia papyrifera Yi (19.78%), Usnea longissima (10.28%), Usnea florida (L.) Wigg (8.37%), Qiongzhuea rigidula Hsueh (4.93%), and Fargesia pollens Hsueh (4.46%) were the main components of the winter diet, totalling 47.99 % of all utilized plants. Young leaves of woody plants and herbaceous plants constituted 75 % of the total quantity of forage. R. bieti preferred to choose food items with high P/F ratios and low tannin content in winter. It was also noted that primary food items used by R. bieti had less fibire (P<0.01) and tannin (P<0.05) than secondary items.