Sequence variation and genetic diversity in the giant panda

About 336–444 bp mitochondrial D-loop region and tRNA gene were sequenced for 40 individuals of the giant panda which were collected from Mabian, Meigu, Yuexi, Baoxing, Pingwu, Qingchuan, Nanping and Baishuijiang, respectively. 9 haplotypes were found in 21 founders. The results showed that the giant panda has low genetic variations, and that there is no notable genetic isolation among geographical populations. The ancestor of the living giant panda population perhaps appeared in the late Pleistocene, and unfortunately, might have suffered bottleneck attacks. Afterwards, its genetic diversity seemed to recover to some extent. Project supported by the “8.5” Key Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chairman Foundation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, K. C. Wang Education Foundation, the Applied Basic Research Foundation of Yunnan, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Special Foundation for Returned Chinese Scientists, and Zoological Society of San Diego.     

亚洲高海拔锄足蟾的属间亲缘关系、分化及其与青藏高原形成的关系

本文在研究高海拔锄足蟾的属间分类及分布规律的基础上,对所属的齿蟾属Oreolalax、齿突蟾属Scutiger的齿突蟾亚属Scutiger,(Scutiger)和猫眼蟾亚属Scutiger(Aelurophryne)的成体外形和骨骼、蝌蚪的形态以及核型等24个性状进行综合分析,同时探讨了属间亲缘关系。结果表明:齿蟾属较原始,齿突蟾属较特化,它们可能起源于共同的祖先——原始齿蟾。在齿突蟾属中猫眼蟾亚属比齿突蟾亚属更为特化,后者与齿蟾属的亲缘关系相对较近。它们的分化与青藏高原的抬开有密切关系。     

子宫内膜异位细胞改良体外培养技术的研究进展

体外细胞培养是子宫内膜异位性疾病研究的重要工具。本文回顾了细胞体外培养技术在分离、纯化环节的改良以及子宫内膜异位性疾病永生化细胞系改造中的研究进展,并总结了近几年来激素及细胞因子诱导培养、细胞共培养及三维培养技术在该疾病体外机制研究中的应用,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

涌泉根灌下水氮耦合对陕北山地苹果光合特性、产量和水氮利用的影响

以陕北山地7年生‘寒富’苹果树为试验材料,设置3个灌水水平[高水(W₁,85%～100%θ_f,θ_f为田间持水量)、中水(W₂,70%～85%θ_f)、低水(W₃,55%～70%θ_f)]和3个施氮水平[高氮(N₁,600 kg·hm^-2)、中氮(N₂,400 kg·hm^-2)、低氮(N₃,200 kg·hm^-2)],研究涌泉根灌条件下水氮耦合对山地苹果树光合特性、产量和水氮利用的影响。结果表明: 相同灌水条件下,随着施氮量的减少,苹果树叶片的净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(g_s)和瞬时水分利用效率(WUE_i)降低,但胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)增加;相同施氮条件下,随着灌水量的减少,叶片P_n、T_r、g_s和WUE_i降低,而C_i增加。W₁N₁处理的P_n、T_r日均值最大,但与W₁N₁处理相比,W₂N₂处理的WUE_i最大。苹果产量、灌溉水利用效率(IWUE)和氮肥偏生产力(NPFP)受灌水和施氮量的显著影响,W₂N₂处理的产量最高(26761 kg·hm^-2),减小灌水量和增大施氮量使IWUE显著提高,而增大灌水量和降低施氮量使NPFP显著增加。回归分析表明,产量和IWUE同时获得最优解时,灌水量和施氮量组合最接近W₂N₂处理。因此,W₂N₂处理为涌泉根灌条件下陕北山地苹果最佳的水氮组合模式。     

铜绿假单胞菌PAO1 ku基因缺失菌株的构建及其对生物被膜耐药性的影响

【背景】铜绿假单胞菌是常见的条件致病菌,易形成生物被膜,具有基因突变率高、耐药性强的特点。非同源末端连接是DNA双链断裂的主要修复途径之一,修复过程会导致DNA突变产生。【目的】研究非同源末端连接对生物被膜中的铜绿假单胞菌基因突变率和耐药性的影响。【方法】通过基因无痕敲除的方法构建PAO1菌株的ku基因缺失突变株Δku并构建其回补株。对比研究突变株和野生菌株生物被膜形成能力、生物被膜状态下各菌的基因突变率以及对抗生素的耐受性。通过荧光定量PCR检测生物被膜中PAO1菌株ku基因的表达水平。【结果】各突变株生物被膜形成能力无显著差异;与野生菌株相比,突变株Δku在生物被膜中的基因突变率以及对环丙沙星和庆大霉素的最低抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)下降。荧光定量PCR结果表明,ku基因在生物被膜形成早期转录水平有明显上调。【结论】非同源末端连接修复途径对生物被膜中的铜绿假单胞菌基因突变率以及耐药性的提高有一定的作用。本研究将为后续进一步阐释铜绿假单胞菌耐药产生机制提供一定的理论依据。     

Modeling mate-finding behavior of the swarming polychaete,Nereis succinea,with TangoInSilico,a scientific orkflow-based simulation system for sexual searching

Summary

Pheromones can be used as attractants for the opposite sex in many environments; however, little is known about the search strategies employed in responding to pheromones in the marine environment. The spawning behavior of males of the polychaete Nereis succinea is known to be triggered at close range by a high concentration (>～10^?7 M) of pheromone, cysteine glutathione disulfide (CSSG), released by females. Since CSSG also causes acceleration of swimming and increased turning, in addition to eliciting ejaculation, we proposed the hypothesis that these behaviors elicited by low concentrations of pheromone can be used by males to find females. The current study develops a computer simulation model of male and female N. succinea behavior for testing whether male responses to low concentrations of CSSG can facilitate finding females. Video recording of female swimming behavior in the field showed spontaneous loops, spirals, and circles that have been incorporated into the model. The scientific workflow paradigm within which the computer model has been developed also incorporates a data provenance system to enable systematic replay and testing of responses to individual parameters. Output of the model shows complex turning behavior leading to successful mating encounters at concentrations as low as 3×10^?9 M CSSG. Behavior resembling the output of the model was recorded in field observations. Application of the model in the future will be used to determine what pheromone concentrations produce significant increases in the probability of mating encounters.     

突变肠杆菌株NRS-1中5个草甘膦逆境应答基因的克隆与功能研究

【目的】微生物对草甘膦的抗性受复杂的遗传体系调控,涉及靶基因和大量相关调控基因。对肠杆菌属细菌NRS-1突变菌株在高浓度草甘膦逆境下的5个重要差异表达基因进行功能研究,以期深入了解非靶标基因在抗草甘膦微生物的作用特点,为发掘优异基因资源,服务抗草甘膦转基因生物育种提供参考。【方法】NRS-1的差异表达基因可能在蛋白质合成、代谢、细胞膜等水平发挥作用,保护细胞免受高浓度草甘膦逆境,因此分别选取易位酶延伸因子fus A、丁二酸脱氢酶sdh A、胸苷磷酸化酶deo A、鸟氨酸氨甲酰转移酶arg F、周质蛋白osm Y进行克隆,采用大肠杆菌原核表达、转化拟南芥实验研究其功能,并通过细菌双杂及KEGG pathway分析基因间互作特点。【结果】在明确5个基因结构特点基础上,通过大肠杆菌原核表达及转基因拟南芥鉴定,发现这5个基因及草甘膦的靶基因5-烯醇式丙酮莽草酸-3-磷酸合成酶基因aro A对提高2种生物的草甘膦耐性均有不同程度的作用,其中arg F、deo A的抗性较好,与aro A相当,表明在应对草甘膦逆境时,芳香族、含有胸腺嘧啶氨基酸及精氨酸的合成代谢通路可能起重要作用;利用基因互作与KEGG分析发现5个基因与靶基因aro A间形成复杂的调控网络,但无直接的蛋白互作。【结论】NRS-1的5个差异表达基因对草甘膦逆境具有抗性,arg F、deo A优于其他3个基因,其与靶基因aro A间表现复杂的基因互作关系。     

鸢尾属1新变型——白花宽柱鸢尾

描述了鸢尾科鸢尾属宽柱鸢尾(Iris latistyla Y.T.Zhao)的1个新变型——白花宽柱鸢尾(I.latistyla Y.T.Zhao f.albifloraJ.Luo)。原变型的花被为蓝紫色,而新变型花被为白色。并对其潜在的药用研究价值进行了讨论。     

基于脂质组学技术研究急性缺血性脑卒中临床诊断标志物

目的:急性缺血性脑卒中(Acute ischemic stroke, AIS)是由于血流减少导致的脑功能突然丧失。由于AIS发病机制是异质性和多因素的,我们建立全面的脂质组学方法来阐明AIS进程相关的脂质变化和复杂的脂质代谢网络。方法:选取26例AIS患者血液标本和27例健康志愿者血清作为研究对象,进行总脂抽提,通过基于LC-MS策略的非靶向脂质组学方法进行规模性、整体性的脂质组学分析。结果:对AIS患者和健康志愿者血浆进行大规模脂质定性定量分析,通过Progenesis~? QI软件分析Xevo~? G2-XS QTOF质谱系统MSE采集的子离子数据,精确定量到1054个脂质特征差异,准确定性得到368个脂质分子,多变量统计分析中差异脂质组成能将AIS患者和健康志愿者区分开来,通路富集分析图显示差异脂质主要参与甘油磷脂代谢的紊乱。结论:AIS患者血浆脂质组成与健康志愿者存在显著差异,差异表达的脂质可能与AIS发生有关。这些发现有助于开发新的诊断标志物和AIS治疗靶点。