扣囊复膜孢酵母β-葡萄糖苷酶基因在毕赤酵母中的克隆与表达

利用PCR技术,从扣囊复膜孢酵母的总DNA中扩增得到β-葡萄糖苷酶（β-Glucosidase）基因 (BGL1),长度为2596 bp,连接到pGEMT载体上,用限制性内切酶切下目的基因,插入到巴斯德毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K中,使之位于α-因子信号肽下游,且与之同框, 构建成重组质粒pSHL9K。 通过电转化将重组质粒pSHL9K插入到Pichia pastoris GS115菌株染色体中,获得高效表达BGL1基因的毕赤酵母重组工程菌株。重组酶的最适温度为50℃,最适pH为5.4。培养基中β-葡萄糖苷酶活性最高可达47U/mL。     

猪PR-39抗菌肽基因在毕赤酵母中的表达

[目的]在毕赤酵母中表达抗菌肽PR-39基因,获得有抗菌活性的PR-39。[方法]根据酵母和猪密码子偏好性,对其密码子进行优化改造。将经SOE-PCR获得的PR-39基因与毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K连接,构建重组载体pPIC9K-PR-39。经SacⅠ线性化电击转化毕赤酵母GS115,取阳性克隆进行髙拷贝转化子筛选和诱导表达。[结果]pPIC9K-PR-39重组质粒构建成功,pPIC9K-PR-39菌株发酵产物检测结果对DH5α大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌都有抑菌效果。[结论]获得了PR-39基因的重组酵母,并用毕赤酵母系统成功地分泌表达了具有明显抗菌活性的抗菌肽PR-39。     

里氏木霉内切-β-甘露聚糖酶基因在毕赤酵母中的表达

采用PCR方法从里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)基因组中获得含有两个内含子的内切-β-甘露聚糖酶全长基因,末端重叠延伸PCR去除内含子后,将其插入到巴斯德毕赤酵母(Picher pastoris)表达载体pPIC9K中,位于α-因子信号肽序列的下游,并与之同框,获得重组质粒pM242。重组质粒线性化后用电击法转化毕赤酵母菌株GS115。经大量筛选,获得高效分泌表达内切甘露聚糖酶的毕赤酵母工程菌株Gpmf25。摇瓶发酵结果表明,培养基中甘露聚糖酶的活力可达12.5IU/mL。重组酶最适pH和最适反应温度分别为5.0和80℃,在pH5.0～6.0时酶活稳定,在pH5.4时70℃保温30min酶活维持50％以上。     

α-2b干扰素重组质粒的建立及在毕赤酵母中的表达

目的:采用基因工程手段构建基因工程菌表达α-2b干扰素。方法:根据毕赤酵母密码子嗜好性原理设计并合成α-2b干扰素基因序列,将其插入到毕赤酵母Pichia pastoris的分泌型表达质粒pPIC9K中,得到重组分泌表达质粒pPIC9K-IFNα-2b,并用电转化法转化P.pastoris GS115。筛选出整合型His Muts菌株,进一步用G418筛选获得高拷贝转化子,经5d诱导表达后SDS-PAGE检测。结果:菌落PCR和序列测定结果显示重组表达质粒已成功构建,SDS-PAGE结果显示目的蛋白已成功表达。结论:在毕赤酵母中成功表达α-2b干扰素。     

草鱼生长激素基因在毕赤酵母中的表达

将草鱼生长激素基因（cGH）的cDNA亚克隆到酵母表达载体pPIC9K中,经电击转化导入毕赤巴斯德酵母GS115菌株,获得转化子。菌落PCR技术筛选证实cGH已经整合到了酵母染色体上。对重组酵母进行诱导表达,SDS-PAGE和Western印迹分析,结果表明cGH的毕赤巴斯德酵母GS115菌株中获得了高效表达。     

利用毕赤酵母系统表达重组人生长激素的研究

为了获得重组人生长激素在毕赤酵母中高表达的菌株,按毕赤酵母基因密码子偏爱性,人工合成hGH的全基因序列.该基因被克隆到穿梭质粒pPIC9K中,PEG1000介导转入毕赤酵母GS115细胞,通过G418筛选获得高拷贝转化子.在甲醇的诱导下.实现了hGH在毕赤酵母中的成功表达.通过发酵条件的优化.发酵上清中的表达量达1537 mg/L经过超滤和两步层析,重组蛋白的得率这35%,纯度为97%,相对分子质量测定表明重组蛋白的相对分子质量与理论值相近.N-端氨基酸测序证实hGH基因在毕赤酵母中获得正确的表达.     

合成耐高温α-淀粉酶PFA在巴斯德毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

PFA是来源于Pyrococcus furious的一种耐高温α-淀粉酶,为了使PFA能够在巴斯德毕赤酵母中高效表达,根据巴斯德毕赤酵母密码子的偏好性对PFA的基因序列进行密码子优化,人工合成耐高温淀粉酶PFA基因pfa,并连接到巴斯德毕赤酵母中表达载体pPIC9K上,得到重组质粒pPIC9K-pfa。重组质粒线性化后转化到巴斯德毕赤酵母菌株GS115中,重组菌株在摇瓶中用甲醇诱导表达,分泌表达酶活最高为220U／L。     

乙醛脱氢酶2基因在毕赤酵母中的表达和分离纯化

将乙醛脱氢酶2（ALDH2）基因整合到质粒pPIC9K上,构建重组表达载体pPIC9K-coALDH2,用电转导将表达质粒pPIC9K-coALDH2转化至毕赤酵母GS115中,在毕赤酵母中表达经密码子改造的ALDH2。结果表明：重组基因工程菌GS115（pPIC9K-coALDH2）发酵液中蛋白质量浓度为8.40 mg/L,1 mL发酵液中酶活为11.35 mU。     

来源于Escherichia coli的高比活植酸酶基因的高效表达

高效表达高比活植酸酶是进一步提高植酸酶发酵效价、降低植酸酶生产成本的一个有效途径。对源于Escherichia coli的高比活植酸酶基因appA,按照毕赤酵母（Pichia pastoris）密码子的偏爱进行了密码子优化改造。该改造后的基因appA-m按正确的阅读框架融合到毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9上的α-因子信号肽编码序列3′端,通过电击转化得到重组转化子。对重组毕赤酵母的Southern blotting分析证实植酸酶基因已整合到酵母基因组中,并确定了整合基因的拷贝数。Northern blotting分析证实植酸酶基因得到了正常转录。SDS-PAGE分析和表达产物的研究表明,植酸酶得到了高效分泌表达,在5L发酵罐中植酸酶蛋白表达量达到2.5mg/mL发酵液, 酶活性(发酵效价)达到7.5×10⁶IU/mL发酵液以上, 大大高于目前报道的各种植酸酶基因工程菌株的发酵效价。     

猪囊尾蚴磷蛋白在毕赤酵母中的表达及初步应用

将猪囊虫磷蛋白P2基因克隆到毕赤酵母表达系统分泌性表达载体pPIC9K中,构建了重组表达载体pPIC9K-P2。经测序证明基因序列完全正确,从而大量制备重组质粒pPIC9K-P2,并用SalⅠ、BglⅡ 两种内切酶分别线性化,然后分别电转化毕赤酵母菌种GS115,采用G418抗性梯度筛选得到高拷贝重组菌株,利用MM和MD培养基鉴定重组菌株Mut表型,然后用甲醇进行诱导表达;并对表达产物通过SDS-PAGE、Westernblot和ELISA分析,结果表明,重组菌株成功地分泌表达了分子量大小为12.6kD,表达量占分泌总蛋白的33%,且具有免疫反应活性的重组磷蛋白,从而解决了囊虫病诊断抗原来源问题并为研制新型猪囊虫疫苗奠定了基础。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.