猪流行性腹泻病毒S2截短肽的原核表达及其线性B细胞表位区鉴定

【背景】由猪流行性腹泻病毒(Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)引起的猪流行性腹泻给养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失。PEDV S蛋白可以诱导宿主产生中和抗体。【目的】原核表达PEDV CV777疫苗株S2截短肽(aa:961-1 382)并制备其多克隆抗体;鉴定表达的S2截短肽上的线性B细胞表位区。【方法】将经密码子优化的PEDV S2截短肽编码DNA (s2t)克隆至载体p ET-28a中并转化Escherichia coli BL21(DE3),利用IPTG诱导S2截短肽表达。以经SDS-PAGE切胶纯化的重组S2截短肽免疫新西兰大白兔制备多克隆抗体。在E. coli BL21中GST融合表达覆盖S2截短肽序列全长、彼此重叠8个氨基酸残基的系列16肽。以制备的抗S2截短肽兔血清为一抗,通过Westernblot(WB)筛选系列16肽中的阳性反应性16肽,鉴定S2截短肽上的线性B细胞表位区。【结果】重组PEDV S2截短肽的相对分子质量约为50 kD;诱导4 h表达量最高,且主要形成包涵体。WB结果显示,纯化的S2截短肽能被猪抗PEDV血清识别;以纯化的S2截短肽免疫新西兰大白兔制备多抗血清,ELISA法检测抗体效价位于1:25 600-1:102 400之间。免疫组化和间接免疫荧光分析均表明,制备的多抗血清可以识别Vero细胞培养的PEDV DR13弱毒株。以制备的多抗血清通过WB从52个GST融合表达的16肽中鉴定到11个阳性反应性16肽。WB分析显示,得到的阳性反应性16肽都可以被猪抗PEDV血清识别。鉴定到的阳性16肽在S2截短肽上形成4个线性B细胞表位区(aa:969-984;1 065-1 096;1 225-1 280;1 361-1 382)。【结论】高效价抗PEDV S2截短肽多克隆抗体的制备和S2截短肽上线性B细胞抗原表位区的确定有助于了解S蛋白的结构与功能,为建立有效的PEDV检测方法奠定了基础。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒S蛋白胞内区线性B细胞表位最小基序鉴定

[背景] S蛋白是猪流行性腹泻病毒（Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus,PEDV）的主要结构蛋白和免疫原性蛋白,在前期的研究中,本课题组在S蛋白的胞内区鉴定到2个包含线性B细胞表位的短肽。[目的] 鉴定PEDV S蛋白胞内区线性B细胞表位的最小基序。[方法] 原核表达2个短肽的每次后移1个氨基酸的系列8肽,以兔抗S蛋白血清为一抗,通过Western Blot筛选阳性反应8肽,鉴定S蛋白胞内区线性B细胞表位的最小基序。[结果] S蛋白胞内区的2个包含线性B细胞表位的短肽共享一个表位,该表位的最小基序为¹³⁷¹QPYE¹³⁷⁴。同源性分析显示该B细胞表位基序为保守性表位。[结论] 确定了S蛋白胞内区线性B细胞表位的最小基序为¹³⁷¹QPYE¹³⁷⁴;S蛋白抗原表位的鉴定有助于提高对其结构和功能的理解。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒S蛋白主要抗原表位区的原核表达及间接ELISA检测方法的建立

【目的】建立一种快速、特异、敏感的检测血清中猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)抗体的方法。【方法】利用生物学软件对PEDV S蛋白进行抗原位点分析,选择S蛋白的主要抗原表位区进行原核表达。采用SDS-PAGE和Western-blot对重组蛋白进行鉴定及抗原性分析。用纯化的重组蛋白作为包被抗原,经过条件优化、特异性和重复性试验,建立一种针对血清中PEDV抗体的间接ELISA检测方法。【结果】表达了重组S蛋白,重组的S蛋白能与PEDV阳性血清发生特异性反应,并建立一种基于重组S蛋白的间接ELISA检测方法。组内及组间变异系数均小于10%,重复性较好。建立的间接ELISA检测方法分别与商品化PEDV抗体检测试剂盒和Western-blot鉴定结果相比,两者符合率分别为86.67%和88.89%。【结论】建立的间接ELISA方法可以用于PEDV抗体的检测。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒CH/JL毒株S基因的克隆、序列分析及线性抗原表位区的鉴定

以猪流行性腹泻病毒CH/JL毒株的RNA为模板,通过RT-PCR扩增获得的3个相互重叠的cDNA克隆覆盖了S基因,序列比对结果表明:PEDV CH/JL株S基因与CV777、Brl/87、JS、KPEDV和Chinju99毒株S基因核苷酸序列的同源性分别为96.97%、96.87%、96.41%、94.02%和93.93%,氨基酸序列的同源性分别为96.17%、95.88%、96.10%、92.36%和92.05%;分子进化树分析结果显示,PEDV CH/JL株S基因与JS毒株S基因亲缘关系最近,处于同一群。利用DNAstar Protean程序预测了PEDV CH/JL株S蛋白一个抗原表位区(83~276aa),将其克隆到原核表达载体pGEX-6p-1后转化E.coliBL21(DE3)感受态细胞,在终浓度1.0mmol/L的IPTG诱导下获得了表达,Western blot结果显示,预测的抗原表位区GST融合蛋白能与猪流行性腹泻病毒多克隆抗血清反应,提示该抗原表位区含有线性抗原表位。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒核衣壳蛋白与感染细胞核磷蛋白的共定位分析

【目的】阐明猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)核衣壳蛋白与病毒感染细胞核仁成分B23.1蛋白的共定位特征。【方法】分别参照GenBank中PEDV CV777株的N基因序列(AF353511)和编码人细胞核仁蛋白B23.1基因序列(BC050628.1),设计、合成扩增N基因和B23.1基因的引物,利用RT-PCR技术扩增了N基因和Vero E6细胞的B23.1基因的cDNA,分别克隆到真核表达载体pAcGFP1-C1和pDsRed2-N1,获得重组质粒pAcGFP1-C1/N和pDsRed2-N1/B23.1,共转染Vero E6细胞。【结果】Western blots分析表明这些融合蛋白在转染的Vero E6细胞中表达;共聚焦显微镜技术分析表明在共转染Vero E6细胞中猪流行性腹泻病毒N蛋白与Vero E6细胞核磷蛋白B23.1发生共定位。【结论】为进一步鉴定PEDV N蛋白中核仁定位信号和N蛋白核仁定位机制提供可靠依据。     

PEDV S蛋白B细胞抗原表位的筛选和鉴定

以猪流行性腹泻病毒(porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)S基因的免疫优势区S1(1～2367bp)为靶基因,利用基于gⅢ表达外源多肽的fd丝状噬菌体展示系统,构建S1基因噬菌体展示肽库,以纯化病毒制备的兔抗PEDV多克隆血清为靶蛋白,对S1基因噬菌体展示肽库进行3轮生物淘选,结果获得3个高亲和力的序列,分别命名为S1P1(248～280位氨基酸)、S1P2(442～499位氨基酸)和S1P3(697～742位氨基酸).ELISA和蛋白质印迹结果显示,S1P1、S1P2和S1P3短肽都能被兔抗PEDV多克隆血清识别,其中S1P3反应性最强.为了进一步揭示S1P1、S1P2和S1P3短肽的抗原性,制备了3个短肽GST融合蛋白和它们串连后GST融合蛋白的单因子血清,间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)结果证实,抗S1P2-GST、S1P3-GST和S1P123-GST融合蛋白的单因子血清能够识别Vero细胞培养物中天然的PEDV.     

2010～2012年华中地区猪流行性腹泻病毒分子特征和遗传进化分析

2010年底开始,猪流行性腹泻(Porcine epidemic diarrhea,PED)在中国境内出现严重暴发。为探讨该病突然再次暴发的原因,对2010年10月至2012年6月于华中地区11个地市收集的12株猪流行性腹泻病毒(Porcineepidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)S、M和ORF3基因进行RT-PCR扩增、克隆及测序,并对其序列变化、遗传进化关系、抗原位点、糖基化位点和多肽极性进行分析。结果显示,12株PEDV流行毒株S、M和ORF3基因部分核苷酸及氨基酸的改变使其关键序列明显不同于以往毒株,其中有11株流行毒株的S基因比现用疫苗毒株CV777多9个核苷酸,而且在其S1区N′端存在大量的氨基酸突变。遗传进化分析显示,12株PEDV华中地区毒株与2007～2009年韩国毒株、2007～2008年泰国毒株、2009～2010年越南毒株、2011年日本毒株及2010～2012年中国其它地区流行毒株亲缘关系均较密切,而与欧洲株(CV 777、Br1/87)、中国现用疫苗株(CV777)及2003～2007年中国分离株(LJB/03、JS-2004-2、DX、QH、LZC)亲缘关系均较远。与现用疫苗株(CV777)相比,流行毒株S蛋白的抗原位点、糖基化位点和跨膜螺旋均有明显改变,提示PEDV在近年呈现快速变异和进化的趋势,因而可能需要选择更有效的疫苗株来控制PEDV的暴发。     

一株抗猪流行性腹泻病毒N蛋白单克隆抗体抗原表位的鉴定

PEDV N蛋白为高度保守性蛋白,具有极强的免疫原性,因此在临床诊断中具有重要作用。本文对实验室前期制备的针对N蛋白的单克隆抗体9G11的抗原表位进行精确定位。通过与N蛋白进行免疫印迹反应证明9G11所识别的表位是N蛋白的线性表位。利用NEB十二随机肽库进一步定位9G11核心表位氨基酸,结果显示位于N蛋白75~78位的氨基酸FYYL为9G11所识别的关键氨基酸。对20株PEDV不同亚群代表毒株的对应区域进行同源性分析表明此表位高度保守。确定该抗体识别的抗原表位有助于了解N蛋白的结构与功能,同时也为以表位为基础的快速、准确并具临床应用价值的PEDV诊断方法的建立打下良好基础。     

应用噬菌体展示随机肽库淘筛mAb5H5识别的抗原表位

本文利用噬菌体随机9肽库探索汉滩病毒(HTNV)核衣壳蛋白(NP)B细胞抗原表位.以抗HTNV NP单克隆抗体(mAb)5H5作为筛选分子,生物淘洗噬菌体递呈的随机9肽库.阳性克隆经夹心ELISA、竞争ELISA鉴定后,随机挑取10个克隆,DNA测序,与HTNV 76～118株S基因进行同源性分析.结果显示筛选到的噬菌体能特异地与5H5结合,这种结合可被天然抗原所抑制.10个克隆的氨基酸序列相同,均为VRDAEEQYE,与76～118株NP氨基端的aa25～33一致.证实了该线性表位是mAb 5H5识别的表位,噬菌体肽库有助于病毒抗原表位的确定.     

PEDV流行株的分离鉴定及其遗传进化分析

为了解中国猪流行性腹泻病毒(Porine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)的流行现状,本研究对上海和江苏地区猪场进行了PEDV流行株的分离鉴定。根据GenBank中PEDV的基因序列,对其M基因设计检测引物。检测临床采集的猪腹泻样品,2份临床样品能扩增出特异性目的条带,测序结果证实为PEDV M基因片段。将检测为PEDV阳性的样品接种Vero细胞,并添加不同浓度的胰酶进行病毒传代培养,在添加适量胰酶的Vero细胞上分离到两株病毒并能稳定传代、增殖。选择第22代病毒饲喂新生仔猪,进行回归试验,结果两株细胞毒均能使1日龄仔猪出现典型腹泻症状,进一步证实成功分离到PEDV,命名为JSLS/PEDV/1/2014和JS/PEDV/2/2014株。遗传进化分析,JS/PEDV/2/2014和JSLS/PEDV/1/2014分离株的M基因分别与中国毒株HLJ-2012、BJ-2012-1亲缘性最近;S基因与I群PEDV流行毒株亲缘性最近;两个毒株的ORF3基因均存在51个碱基缺失,与DR13处于同一大分支,与CV777亲缘性较远。     

Equilibrium and nonequilibrium competitive inhibitions of antipeptide antibody binding by parent myelin basic protein and 18 related peptide sequences

Equilibrium and nonequilibrium competitive inhibition analyses of a number of antisera to peptide S81 and S82 sequences were carried out through the use of inhibition radioimmunoassays with [¹²⁵I]S81, [¹²⁵I]S82, and [¹²⁵I]S79 and a panel containing 18 related peptides and five myelin basic protein preparations. Two principal determinants were identified, one of them sequential, the other nonsequential. The sequential determinant involved a peptide at or near the C-terminal end of S82 that could be blocked by an interchange of asparagine for glycine at the C terminus. The nonsequential determinant was dominant for a number of rabbit and rat antisera, both anti-S82 and anti-S81, and was shared not only by S81 and S82 but also by S8 and S80, i.e., the family of residues of bovine MBP sequence 69–83. Neither determinant was expressed in any of the myelin basic protein preparations, and the nonsequential determinant was not expressed in peptide sequences smaller than S8.     

Analysis of the sequence motifs responsible for the interactions of peroxins 14 and 5, which are involved in glycosome biogenesis in Trypanosoma brucei

Glycosome biogenesis in trypanosomatids occurs via a process that is homologous to peroxisome biogenesis in other eukaryotes. Glycosomal matrix proteins are synthesized in the cytosol and imported posttranslationally. The import process involves a series of protein-protein interactions starting by recognition of glycosomal matrix proteins by a receptor in the cytosol. Most proteins to be imported contain so-called PTS-1 or PTS-2 targeting sequences recognized by, respectively, the receptor proteins PEX5 and PEX7. PEX14, a protein associated with the peroxisomal membrane, has been identified as a component of the docking complex and a point of convergence of the PEX5- and PEX7-dependent import pathways. In this paper, the strength of the interactions between Trypanosoma brucei PEX14 and PEX5 was studied by a fluorescence assay, using (i) a panel of N-terminal regions of TbPEX14 protein variants and (ii) a series of different peptides derived from TbPEX5, each containing one of the three WXXXF/Y motifs present in this receptor protein. On the PEX14 side, the N-terminal region of TbPEX14 including residues 1-84 appeared to be responsible for TbPEX5 binding. The results from PEX14 mutants identified specific residues in the N-terminal region of TbPEX14 involved in PEX5 binding and showed that in particular hydrophobic residues F35 and F52 are critical. On the PEX5 side, 13-mer peptides incorporating the first or the third WXXXF/Y motif bind to PEX14 with an affinity in the nanomolar range. However, the second WXXXF/Y motif peptide did not show any detectable affinity. Studies using variants of second and third motif peptides suggest that the alpha-helical content of the peptides as well as the charge of a residue at position 9 in the motif may be important for PEX14 binding. Assays with 7-, 10-, 13-, and 16-mer third motif peptides showed that 16-mers and 13-mers have comparable binding affinity for PEX14, whereas 10-mers and 7-mers have about 10- and 100-fold lower affinity than the 16-mers, respectively. The low sequence identities of PEX14 and PEX5 between parasite and its human host, and the vital importance of proper glycosome biogenesis to the parasite, render these peroxins highly promising drug targets.     

Characterization of oligopeptides that cross-react with carbohydrate-specific antibodies by real time kinetics, in-solution competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunological analyses

Phage displaying random cyclic 7-mer, and linear 7-mer and 12-mer peptides at the N terminus of the coat protein, pIII, were panned with the murine monoclonal antibody, 9-2-L379 specific for meningococcal lipo-oligosaccharide. Five cyclic peptides with two sequence motifs, six linear 7-mers, and five linear 12-mers with different sequence motifs were identified. Only phage displaying cyclic peptides were specifically captured by and were antigenic for 9-2-L379. Monoclonal antibody 9-2-L379 exhibited "apparent" binding affinities to the cyclic peptides between 11 and 184 nm, comparable with lipo-oligosaccharide. All cyclic peptides competed with the binding of 9-2-L379 to lipo-oligosaccharide with EC(50) values in the range 10-105 microm, which correlated with their apparent binding affinities. Structural modifications of the cyclic peptides eliminated their ability to bind and compete with monoclonal antibody 9-2-L379. Mice (C3H/HeN) immunized with the cyclic peptide with optimal apparent binding affinity and EC(50) of competition elicited cross-reactive antibodies to meningococcal lipo-oligosaccharide with end point dilution serum antibody titers of 3200. Cyclic peptides were converted to T-cell-dependent immunogens without disrupting these properties by C-terminal biotinylation and complexing with NeutrAvidin. The data indicate that constrained peptides can cross-react with a carbohydrate-specific antibody with greater specificity than linear peptides, and critical to this specificity is their structural conformation.     

Anti-peptide antibodies for examining the conformation, molecular assembly and localization of an intracellular protein, ribosomal protein S6, in vivo

Ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) is known to relate to cell proliferation. Our recent proteome analysis of human metaphase chromosomes revealed the enrichment of rpS6 during mitosis. Here, structure, localization and molecular assembly in vitro and in vivo of a human rpS6, were examined using antibodies (Abs) prepared by immunizing rabbits with synthetic peptides. Five peptides, Ser6-Asp20 (S6-1), Ile52-Gly66 (S6-2), Asp103-Gly117 (S6-3), Asn146-Lys160 (S6-4) and Arg178-Ile192 (S6-5) were chosen as epitopes of human rpS6. These peptides except for S6-3 induced strong Ab production, and with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, anti-S6-2, anti-S6-4 and anti-S6-5, showed high reactivity to recombinant rpS6 (r-rpS6), while anti-S6-1 did not, suggesting that S6-2, S6-4 and S6-5 were exposed on the r-rpS6 surface, while S6-1 was less exposed or possessed a different conformation. The immunostaining of HeLa cells as well as isolated chromosomes suggested that rpS6 occurs in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but less possible on chromosomes since no Abs showed localization of rpS6 to chromosomes. In addition, the immunostaining suggested that only S6-4 is exposed on the protein surface, while S6-2 and S6-5 are buried by the interaction with other macromolecules in HeLa cells. Present our result shows new possibility of antibodies as tools for structure-oriented cell biology.     

ORF3蛋白促进猪流行性腹泻病毒在Vero细胞上的增殖

【背景】猪流行性腹泻(Porcine epidemic diarrhea,PED)是由猪流行性腹泻病毒(Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)感染猪而引起的一种急性肠道传染病,常导致病猪水样腹泻、呕吐、脱水。自2010年起,其大规模的暴发给养猪业造成巨大的经济损失。由于对PEDV免疫机理及侵入机制知之甚少,至今仍缺乏有效的PED防治措施。【目的】研究orf3对PEDV体外增殖的影响。【方法】利用基于RNA同源重组的PEDV反向遗传学操作技术拯救一系列携带不同orf3基因及orf3基因缺失的重组PEDV;将获得的重组PEDV以MOI 0.1感染Vero细胞,分别于感染的第8、16、24、32、40、48 h测定其TCID_(50)并绘制病毒生长曲线;分别在感染25 h和36 h利用全自动细胞计数分析仪对6孔板内的细胞进行计数,并于感染后的第12、24、36、48 h用CCK-8试剂盒对其细胞活力进行测定。【结果】RT-PCR结果及细胞病变观察证明成功拯救到了携带不同orf3基因或orf3基因缺失的重组PEDV;进一步的免疫组化分析结果证实PEDV的ORF3蛋白可以在Vero细胞中合成。SPSS软件分析表明携带orf3基因的重组PEDV的滴度(TCID_(50))显著高于缺失orf3基因的重组PEDV的滴度;带有orf3基因的重组PEDV感染Vero细胞25 h和36 h时的活细胞数显著高于缺失orf3基因的重组病毒感染相同时间时的活细胞数;而且重组PEDV感染Vero细胞24 h后,带有orf3基因的重组PEDV的细胞活性显著高于缺失orf3基因的重组病毒。【结论】ORF3蛋白对于PEDV在Vero细胞中的增殖具有促进作用,该作用是通过延缓或减少感染细胞的死亡实现的。本研究为揭示PEDV orf3基因的功能和PEDV复制机制的研究提供理论基础。