丹贝发酵过程中大豆异黄酮组分与含量的变化

用HPLC方法检测大豆[Glycine max(Linn.)Merr.]发酵食品－丹贝的发酵过程中异黄酮各组分含量变化。在发酵的最初24h内,大部分异黄酮由糖甙转化成甙元,随着发酵时间的延长转化率逐渐降低,发酵终产物中异黄酮主要以大豆甙元和染料木素形式存在,发酵64h的丹贝中总异黄酮摩尔含量比未发酵的大豆高51．25％。     

茉莉酸甲酯和ABA对野葛毛状根中异黄酮含量的影响

10～ 10 0 μmol·L-1茉莉酸甲酯 (MJ)可提高野葛毛状根培养液中葛根素和大豆甙元的水平 ,促进毛状根内总异黄酮含量的增加。而用 0 .5～ 2 .0mg·L-1ABA处理后 ,无论对野葛毛状根还是培养液中葛根素、大豆甙元的含量仅略有提高 ,但对总异黄酮的合成与分泌等则有显著的促进。 10 0 μmol·L-1MJ和 1mg·L-1ABA处理 2 4～ 72h ,可促进毛状根内葛根素和培养液中总异黄酮的水平 ,以处理 4 8h的增加量最大     

光照对大豆幼苗组织中异黄酮含量和分布的影响

利用高效液相色谱（ＨＰＬＣ）测定了不同光照处理的大豆（Ｇｌｙｃｉｎｅｍａｘ（Ｌ．）Ｍｅｒｒｉ．）幼苗不同组织的异黄酮类含量。子叶中最高,叶片和根部相对较少。子叶的异黄酮以大豆甙和染料木甙及其丙二酰基结合体为主,且在光照条件下,异黄酮含量随光照时间的增加而显著升高;相反,黑暗中的异黄酮含量随苗龄的增加呈下降趋势;当子叶由黑暗转为光照处理以后,异黄酮含量同样随光照时间的增加而升高。在叶片和根部异黄酮含量和种类也因光照条件的不同而有很大差异。光照条件下,叶片中以染料木甙及其丙二酰结合体和黄酮芦丁为主,且随时间增加呈上升趋势;黑暗中的黄化叶片,则以大豆甙和丙二酰结合体为主,但随时间的变化不明显。在幼苗根部,黑暗条件下几乎检测不出异黄酮的存在;光照条件下,则可检测到５种异黄酮,其中以大豆甙元及其衍生物占主要部分。实验证实了光照对大豆异黄酮的积累有明显的促进作用     

玉米低聚糖对双歧杆菌增殖与发酵的影响

目的研究玉米低聚糖对双歧杆菌增殖和发酵的影响。方法试验I组以乳糖替代正常TPY培养基中葡萄糖作为碳源,试验II组以玉米低聚糖替代TPY培养基中的葡萄糖作为唯一碳源,分别在接种培养0、12、24、36、48和72h对两组双歧杆菌活菌数量、培养液中还原糖含量和培养液pH值进行测定。同时以不同剂量玉米低聚糖饲喂小鼠,分析对小鼠粪便中双歧杆菌数量的影响。结果培养72h后,试验II组双歧杆菌活菌数显著高于试验I组(t=5.832,P0.05)。试验II组培养液中葡萄糖含量在12、24、36、48和72h时均较试验I组显著偏高(P0.05)。试验II组培养液中pH在24h之后一直显著低于试验I组(P0.05)。试验I组、II组小鼠粪便中双歧杆菌数量显著高于饲喂前(t=20.109、22.982,P0.05);试验III组小鼠粪便中双歧杆菌数量较饲喂前显著降低(t=4.692,P0.05)。结论玉米低聚糖能够显著促进双歧杆菌体外增殖,增强发酵,并能提高小鼠肠道中双歧杆菌的数量。     

大豆多糖对双歧杆菌及人肠道菌群生长的影响

目的研究大豆多糖对双歧杆菌及肠道菌群生长的影响。方法替换Bs培养基中的碳源,分为不加糖、加葡萄糖2％、加大豆多糖2％、加大豆多糖5％、加低聚果糖2％五组,加3种双歧杆菌（长双歧、青春双歧、两歧双歧）菌液1％,测其24h后的活菌数,比较大豆多糖对双歧杆菌生长的影响;替换Bs培养基中的碳源,分为不加糖、加葡萄糖2％、加大豆多糖2％,加低聚果糖2％四组,加人体粪便菌液1％,模拟人体肠道环境厌氧培养24h后,用选择性培养基测其肠杆菌、肠球菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌的活菌数,观察大豆多糖对人体肠道菌群的影响。结果大豆多糖添加量为5％时对长双歧的促进作用明显优于不加糖组（P〈0．05）;大豆多糖对人体肠道各菌群的生长促进作用与低聚果糖差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论大豆多糖对长双歧杆菌的体外促进作用较明显;以粪菌群发酵糖试验表明,大豆多糖对乳杆菌和双歧杆菌均有促进作用,和低聚果糖作用效果相比差异无显著性（P〉0．05）,具有益生元的特性。     

产α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂乳酸菌的筛选及发酵条件优化

以改良的体外模型为检测手段,测试了不同乳酸菌发酵大豆豆浆的产物对麦芽糖酶的抑制作用。在测试过的乳酸菌中,以植物乳杆菌ST-Ⅲ(Lactobacillus plantarum ST-Ⅲ)在37℃发酵大豆豆浆获得的发酵产物对麦芽糖酶的抑制效果最强。随后,考察了接种量、豆浆固形物含量、发酵温度对植物乳杆菌ST-Ⅲ发酵豆浆对麦芽糖酶抑制活性的影响。结果表明,植物乳杆菌ST-Ⅲ发酵大豆豆浆产生麦芽糖酶抑制物的最适条件分别为接种量2%(v/v)、豆浆固形物含量5%(w/v)、发酵温度37℃。在优化条件下,发酵8 h获得的发酵豆浆对麦芽糖酶的抑制率达到80%。     

肠道菌群正常参考值的检测

目的定性定量检测并比较杭州地区健康青壮年及老年人群肠道主要菌群(双歧杆菌属、类杆菌属、消化链球菌属、产气荚膜梭菌、乳杆菌属、肠杆菌科、肠球菌属及酵母菌等)的正常参考值,同时计算并比较双歧杆菌属细菌数量与肠杆菌科细菌数量的对数值比值(B/E值).方法采用光冈法 .结果老年组肠道双歧杆菌数量及B/E值较青壮年组均显著减少(P＜0.05, P＜0.001);消化链球菌、肠杆菌科及肠球菌细菌数量显著增加(P＜0.01,P ＜0 .001,P＜0.05).结论在获得肠道菌群正常参考值的同时,发现随着年龄的增加,老年人肠道双歧杆菌数量明显减少,肠杆菌科及肠球菌细菌数量显著增加.     

中药"神曲"对肠易激综合征患者肠道菌群的调节和临床疗效的研究

目的探讨中药"神曲"对肠易激综合征(IBS)病人肠道微生态环境的调节及临床治疗作用.方法(1)健康人17例,IBS(以腹泻为主型)患者34例(按ROMEⅡ诊断标准),取粪便做双歧杆菌、类杆菌、乳杆菌、肠球菌及肠杆菌的培养,对比2组菌数量的差别;(2)随机将34例患者分为3组,分别给予思密达、思密达加丽珠肠乐及思密达加神曲水煎液口服,治疗2周后,复查粪便菌培养,对比各组治疗前后的细菌数量变化,并观察临床疗效;(3)菌群的定性定量检测,采用厌氧菌及需氧菌培养法;(4)统计学处理,用SPSS 11.0软件,一般情况的比较用t检验;各菌群数量的比较用F检验;治疗有效率的比较用x2检验.结果(1)健康人组与治疗前患者组各菌群的对比IBS患者粪便中类杆菌、双歧杆菌与乳杆菌数量较健康人组增加(P＜0.05),肠球菌、肠杆菌数量较正常人组下降(P＜0.05).(2)治疗后思密达组患者粪便中厌氧菌种有所增加,需氧菌种有所减少,但差异无显著性(P＞0.05).(3)神曲组患者经治疗后,粪便中乳杆菌明显增多(P＜0.01),双歧杆菌增加(P＜0.05),肠杆菌减少(P＜0.05);与丽珠肠乐组治疗后乳杆菌、双歧杆菌及肠杆菌菌群数量比较,差异无显著性(P＞0.05);与治疗后思密达组各菌群比较,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).(4)神曲组与丽珠肠乐组,临床治疗总有效率明显高于思密达组(P＜0.05).结论中药"神曲"有调节IBS患者肠道菌群的作用,能增加肠道有益菌的数量,改善临床症状.     

食用真菌发酵豆浆过程中对豆浆中几种生物活性物质的影响

本实验以灵芝、金耳以及冬虫夏草作为发酵菌种,选用豆浆为基本原料配制培养基,在发酵过程中定时取样并测定其中几种生物活性物质的含量,分析各生物活性物质在发酵过程中的变化。研究结果表明,三种食用真菌发酵豆浆的发酵液中总游离型大豆异黄酮含量在发酵过程中均缓慢上升并分别在发酵72 h、24 h和36 h达到最高,与发酵初期相比分别增加了31.81μg/m L、19.05μg/m L和15.71μg/m L;三种食用真菌发酵液中蛋白质含量随着发酵时间的推移而降低的同时氨基酸含量均有增加,且发酵液中的肽主要是分子量范围在300 Da~1 500 Da之间的具有较高生物活性的小分子肽,发酵液中的必需氨基酸含量以及占总氨基酸含量的比值均有增加。本实验探究了食用真菌发酵豆浆过程中生物活性物质的变化,为日后的富集游离型大豆异黄酮、多肽以及氨基酸等生物活性物质实验提供依据,并为工业化生产提供实践基础。     

感染华支睾吸虫大鼠肠道菌群的实验研究

目的 观察华支睾吸虫感染对大鼠肠道菌群的影响.方法 建立华支睾吸虫感染大鼠模型,分别在造模后48 h、18d和35 d,取肠内容物进行乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、肠球菌和肠杆菌的培养及定量分析.结果 与对照组相比,在感染后48 h,大鼠肠道乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数量减少(P＜0.05),肠球菌和肠杆菌数量略有增加,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);在感染后18 d(童虫期),乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌数量进一步减少(P＜0.01),肠杆菌和肠球菌数量明显增加(P＜0.01);在感染后35 d(成虫期),四种肠道菌与童虫期的变化基本一致.结论 华支睾吸虫感染可致大鼠肠道菌群发生失调,其中益生菌减少,致病菌增多,尤以童虫期、成虫期较重.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.