产过敏素harpin的固氮工程菌的某些特性研究*

研究了产过敏素harpin的固氮工程菌(Enterobacter cloacae E4)在番茄、烟草叶片上的致过敏能力及该菌所携的双质粒的稳定性。试验结果表明:E4与DH5(pCPP430)致过敏能力的速度和强度基本相同。E4与308R(pCPP430)相比,烟草上它们致过敏能力的速度基本一致,但308R(pCPP430)致过敏能力的强度更强,在番茄叶片上,E4和308R(pCPP430)致过敏能力的速度和强度基本一样。E4所携的双质粒pCPP430和pMC73A在宿主细菌中是不稳定的,在宿     

转基因生防菌308R(pCPP430)对番茄根围菌群的影响

研究目的在于了解转基因生防菌308R(pCPP430)对番茄根围菌群代谢能力和群落结构的影响。实验中使用了两种互为补充的方法,即单一碳源利用测试(SCSU)和ERIC-PCR,对分别以308R(pCPP430)悬液、308R悬液和无菌水蘸根处理的番茄植株根围菌群进行比较。SCSU菌落计数的聚类分析表明,308R(pCPP430)和308R处理的根围菌重复之间相似性好,水处理的相似性差。主成分分析也得到了相同的结果。ERIC-PCR聚类结果表明,10种碳源,其中8种水处理和308R处理聚为一类。实验为生防菌与植物的互作提供一些依据,为根围菌群结构研究提供一些新的思路。     

重组生防菌308R(pKSH)的遗传稳定性研究

工程菌308R（pKSH）携带有梨火疫欧文氏杆菌的hrpN基因,能产生并分泌诱导植物抗病性蛋白-Harpin。该工程菌在无选择压培养基中生长50代,带有重组质粒pKSH的细胞占总菌量的23．1％,对照菌308R（pCPP430）的细胞占4．75％。将工程菌和对照菌喷雾到番茄叶面,保湿条件下的13d内,叶面菌量维持在10^5cfu／cm^2以上,自然条件下的5d内,菌量维持在10^4cfu／cm^2以上,其间308R（pKSH）的稳定性一直高于对照菌。因此证明工程菌308R（pKSH）比对照菌308R（pCPP430）稳定性有所提高,但还是不够理想。讨论了该工程菌不稳定的原因以及改进途径。     

重组生防菌308R(pKSH)的遗传稳定性研究*

工程菌308R(pKSH)携带有梨火疫欧文氏杆菌的hrpN基因,能产生并分泌诱导植物抗病性蛋白-Harpin。该工程菌在无选择压培养基中生长50代,带有重组质粒pKSH的细胞占总菌量的23.1%,对照菌308R(pCPP430)的细胞占4·75%。将工程菌和对照菌喷雾到番茄叶面,保湿条件下的13d内,叶面菌量维持在10⁵cfu/cm²以上,自然条件下的5d内,菌量维持在10⁴cfu/cm²以上,其间308     

软腐欧氏杆菌的Ⅲ型分泌系统对harpin蛋白的识别与分泌

本文研究软腐欧氏杆菌分泌致病蛋白的Ⅲ型分泌系统的组分是否能识别梨火疫欧氏杆菌存在于mRNA上的分泌识别信号。用PCR的方法,将带有上游75bp可以在其mRNA的5′端形成一个典型的作为Ⅲ型分泌识别信号的茎环结构的梨火疫欧氏杆菌的诱导植物过敏反应的harpin的基因hrpN,从带有hrp基因簇的质粒pCPP430上克隆到pGEM\|T载体上,获得重组质粒pWGF1,经化学法转化到hrpN基因的转座突变体DH5α(pCPP430hrpN-)中,同时将pWGF1电击转化到胡萝卜软腐欧氏杆菌Se9R中,转化子的无细胞抽提物(CFEP)经Western\|blot检测到harpin蛋白已被表达;带有双重质粒的DH5α(pCPP430hrpN-/pWGF1)在番茄植物上可以引起过敏反应,Se9R(pWGF1)在大白菜上的致病力明显低于Se9R,初步表明一种植物病菌的harpin蛋白可被另外一种病菌的Ⅲ型分泌系统所识别、分泌并保持生物活性。     

利用转座子将parDE与pCPP430体内重组提高生防工程菌的遗传稳定性

带有梨火疫欧氏杆菌 (Erwiniaamylovora)完整的hrp基因簇的重组粘粒pCPP43 0转化到植物的附生菌成团泛菌 (Pantoeaagglomerans) 3 0 8R中后可以使成团泛菌获得在烟草等植物上引发过敏反应和诱导植物抗病性的能力。pCPP43 0携带着约 40kb的梨火疫欧氏杆菌的染色体DNA ,在成团泛菌 3 0 8R中不能稳定遗传。本文首先把广宿主范围质粒RK2的控制质粒稳定性的parDE片段插入到转座载体pUT mini Tn5Km的唯一克隆位点NotI上 ,然后利用Tn5的转座特性 ,将parDE体内重组到pCPP43 0上 ,经过在无抗生素选择压下反复传代和过敏反应活性测定 ,筛选到了遗传稳定性显著提高的重组生防工程菌。     

霍乱毒素B亚基基因上游序列对B亚基表达水平的影响

本研究通过缺失突变和移码突变研究了ctxB基因上游A基因部分序列对ctxB表达水平的影响,结果表明:(1)将ctx操纵子XbaI—EcoRI片段克隆至pUC19,构建的质粒pUC19CTB中A亚基的部分序列不能翻译,该质粒转化大肠杆菌后CTB的表达产量为30μg/ml;(2)在质粒pUC19CTB的XbaI位点引入移码突变,构建质粒pMC02C,这时A亚基的部分序列的阅读框架与lacZ一致,从而A基因能够翻译至自然的终止密码,B基因的表达水平却降低一倍;(3)质粒pUC19CTB缺失XbaI～ClaI(550bp)的非翻译序列,构建质粒pMC03(A亚基序列不翻译),该质粒转化大肠杆菌后ctxB基因的表达水平降低1倍;(4)在质粒pMC03中ctxB基因上游引入移码突变,构建的质粒pMC03C(ctxB上游基因能够表达)CTB的表达水平较pMCO3低得多,较pUC19CTB低20倍以上。对产生上述现象的原因进行了分析讨论。     

工程菌种子制备方法对rEPA表达量影响的研究

由重组E.colirPE553D所表达的基因缺失突变脱毒的重组铜绿假单胞菌外毒素A(rEPA),目前大量以载体蛋白用于多种细菌多糖蛋白结合疫苗研究。rEPA的表达量受众多因素的影响,种子的制备方式就是重要因素之一。本文用长期冷冻保存的和新鲜提取的质粒分别转化宿主菌E.coliBL21(λDE3)后制备种子,并将它们和冻干保存的E.colirPE553D在相同条件下培养和诱导,经SDS-PAGE分析表明长期保存的质粒转化宿主后的重组工程菌生长速度较慢,但rEPA的表达量和新鲜质粒转化制备的工程菌基本相同,而冻干保存的工程菌E.colirPE553D几乎丧失了表达rEPA的能力。     

华癸中生根瘤茵7653R共生质粒pMH7653Rb的不相容性行为

摘要华癸中生根瘤菌菌株7653R含有2个内源质粒（pMH7653Ra,pMH7653Rb）．用三亲本杂交法将7653R的共生质粒pMH7653Rb分别导入HN308SR（Sm^r,Rif^r;含pMHHN308a,pMHHN308b和pMHHN308c）和HN3015SR（Sm^r,Rif^r;含pMHHN3015a,pMHHN3015b和pMHHN3015c）．发现受体菌HN308SR的两个稳定内源质粒pMHHN308b和pMHHN308c随着pMH7653Rb的导入而同时被消除．该接合子命名为HN308SRN14．这一结果表明pMH7653Rb与pMHHN308b和pMHHN308c不相容,可以归于同一不相容群．另一转移接合子HN3015SRN14的质粒图谱显示其第二大质粒pMHHN3015b由于pMH7653Rb的导入而被消除．该结果表明,pMH7653Rb与pMHHN3015b不相容．植物结瘤实验结果表明,pMH7653Rb的导入能恢复HN308SRN14的结瘤能力,其结瘤数目超过HN308SR,但不能替代pMHHN308b和pMHHN308c的固氮作用,HN308SRN14失去了固氮能力．质粒消除突变株HN308SRNl4D只含有pMHHN308a,能形成少量无效根瘤,确认pMHHN308a与HN308的结瘤能力有关．HN3015SRN14（含pMH7653Rb,pMHHN3015a和pMHHN3015c）只能形成无效根瘤,而质粒消除突变株HN3015SRN14D（仅含pMHHN3015a和pMHHN3015c）则完全失去结瘤能力．通过PCR反应从7653R,HN308,HN3015,HN308SRN14,HN3015SRN14中均检测到质粒复制基因repC．供试菌株的repC基因序列相似性达到99％．     

水杨酸和乙烯对依赖于Cf基因的过敏坏死的调控作用

通过农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导的方法将互补Aνr/Cf基因对同时在烟草叶片中表达,可以导致过敏性坏死反应。以水杨酸积累缸失型nahC和乙烯不应型etr1-1转基因烟草植株为材料,对水杨酸和乙烯在依赖于番茄Cf-4和Cf—9基因的过敏坏死中的调控作用进行了比较研究。结果表明,nahG植株产生的依赖于Cf-4的过敏坏死反应强度与野生型相似,依赖于Cf—9的坏死反应则明显轻于野生型。转etr1—1基因植株产生的依赖于Cf-4和Cf—9的坏死反应均轻于野生型,与依赖于Cf-4的坏死反应相比,转基因植株中依赖于Cf—9的坏死反应比野生型的减轻程度更显著。这些结果说明水杨酸可能对依赖于Cf—9的过敏坏死起重要调控作用,但对依赖于Cf-4的无此作用;而乙烯则对两者依赖性过敏坏死均起调控作用。     

产harpin的成团泛菌工程菌308R（pCPP430）遗传稳定性的研究

成团泛菌工程菌３０８Ｒ（ｐＣＰＰ４３０）带有梨火疫欧文氏杆菌的与过敏反应和致病性有关的基因簇 （ｈｒｐ）,可以产生能诱导植物抗病性的蛋白质ｈａｒｐｉｎ。该工程菌在ＬＢ液体培养基中生长５０代后,带有重 组质粒ｐＣＰＰ４３０的细胞占总菌量的 １％,带有载体ｐＣＰＰ９的细胞为４６％。工程菌喷雾到番茄叶面,保湿条 件下叶面菌量维持在 １０５ｃｆｕ／ｃｍ２以上,其中带有 ｐＣＰＰ４３０质粒的菌维持在 ４０％以上,带有 ｐＣＰＰ９载体的 菌维持在８０％以上。因此,携带ｈｒｐ基因簇的质粒ｐＣＰＰ４３０在宿主菌中是不稳定的。文中讨论了改进工 程菌遗传稳定性的途径。     

Pantoea agglomerans strain EH318 produces two antibiotics that inhibit Erwinia amylovora in vitro

Pantoea agglomerans (synonym: Erwinia herbicola) strain Eh318 produces through antibiosis a complex zone of inhibited growth in an overlay seeded with Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight. This zone is caused by two antibiotics, named pantocin A and B. Using a genomic library of Eh318, two cosmids, pCPP702 and pCPP704, were identified that conferred on Escherichia coli the ability to inhibit growth of E. amylovora. The two cosmids conferred different antibiotic activities on E. coli DH5alpha and had distinct restriction enzyme profiles. A smaller, antibiotic-conferring DNA segment from each cosmid was cloned. Each subclone was characterized and mutagenized with transposons to generate clones that were deficient in conferring pantocin A and B production, respectively. Mutated subclones were introduced into Eh318 to create three antibiotic-defective marker exchange mutants: strain Eh421 (pantocin A deficient); strain Eh439 (pantocin B deficient), and Eh440 (deficient in both pantocins). Cross-hybridization results, restriction maps, and spectrum-of-activity data using the subclones and marker exchange mutants, supported the presence of two distinct antibiotics, pantocin A and pantocin B, whose biosynthetic genes were present in pCPP702 and pCPP704, respectively. The structure of pantocin A is unknown, whereas that of pantocin B has been determined as (R)-N-[((S)-2-amino-propanoylamino)-methyl]-2-methanesulfonyl-s uccina mic acid. The two pantocins mainly affect other enteric bacteria, based on limited testing.     

A pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 Hrp (Type III secretion) deletion mutant expressing the Hrp system of bean pathogen P. syringae pv. syringae 61 retains normal host specificity for tomato

The plant pathogenic species Pseudomonas syringae is divided into numerous pathovars based on host specificity. For example, P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 is pathogenic on tomato and Arabidopsis, whereas P. syringae pv. syringae 61 is pathogenic on bean. The ability of P. syringae strains to elicit the hypersensitive response (HR) in non-hosts or be pathogenic (or parasitic) in hosts is dependent on the Hrp (type III secretion) system and effector proteins this system is thought to inject into plant cells. To test the role of the Hrp system in determining host range, the hrp/hrc gene cluster (hrpK through hrpR) was deleted from DC3000 and complemented in trans with the orthologous cluster from strain 61. Mutant CUCPB5114 expressing the bean pathogen Hrp system on plasmid pCPP2071 retained the ability of wild-type DC3000 to elicit the HR in bean, to grow and cause bacterial speck in tomato, and to elicit a cultivar-specific (gene-for-gene) HR in tomato plants carrying the Pto resistance gene. However, the symptoms produced in compatible tomato plants involved markedly reduced chlorosis, and CUCPB5114(pCPP2071) did not grow or produce symptoms in Arabidopsis Col-0 although it was weakly virulent in NahG Arabidopsis. A hypersensitive-like collapse was produced by CUCPB5114(pCPP2071) in Arabidopsis Col-0 at 1 x 10(7) CFU/ml, but only if the bacteria also expressed AvrB, which is recognized by the RPM1 resistance gene in Col-0 and confers incompatibility. These observations support the concept that the P. syringae effector proteins, rather than secretion system components, are the primary determinants of host range at both the species and cultivar levels of host specificity.     

Pantoea agglomerans Strain EH318 Produces Two Antibiotics That Inhibit Erwinia amylovora In Vitro

Pantoea agglomerans (synonym: Erwinia herbicola) strain Eh318 produces through antibiosis a complex zone of inhibited growth in an overlay seeded with Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight. This zone is caused by two antibiotics, named pantocin A and B. Using a genomic library of Eh318, two cosmids, pCPP702 and pCPP704, were identified that conferred on Escherichia coli the ability to inhibit growth of E. amylovora. The two cosmids conferred different antibiotic activities on E. coli DH5α and had distinct restriction enzyme profiles. A smaller, antibiotic-conferring DNA segment from each cosmid was cloned. Each subclone was characterized and mutagenized with transposons to generate clones that were deficient in conferring pantocin A and B production, respectively. Mutated subclones were introduced into Eh318 to create three antibiotic-defective marker exchange mutants: strain Eh421 (pantocin A deficient); strain Eh439 (pantocin B deficient), and Eh440 (deficient in both pantocins). Cross-hybridization results, restriction maps, and spectrum-of-activity data using the subclones and marker exchange mutants, supported the presence of two distinct antibiotics, pantocin A and pantocin B, whose biosynthetic genes were present in pCPP702 and pCPP704, respectively. The structure of pantocin A is unknown, whereas that of pantocin B has been determined as (R)-N-[((S)-2-amino-propanoylamino)-methyl]-2-methanesulfonyl-succinamic acid. The two pantocins mainly affect other enteric bacteria, based on limited testing.     

番茄SlMYB86基因的原核表达及缺氮胁迫下的表达分析北大核心CSCD

MYB转录因子参与植物细胞形态与模式建成、次级代谢的调控以及生物和非生物胁迫应答等反应。该研究采用RT-PCR方法扩增了番茄SlMYB86基因,并进行了聚类分析和保守域序列分析,构建原核表达载体和诱导纯化蛋白,利用qRT-PCR和Western blot检测SlMYB86在缺氮复氮下的表达水平,为深入探究番茄MYB86转录因子在缺氮胁迫下的功能奠定基础。结果表明:(1)番茄SlMYB86与番茄SlMYB26在进化树上属于同一分支,亲缘关系较近,且SlMYB86含有2个Myb_DNA-binding保守结构域,属于R2R3-MYB型转录因子。(2)qRT-PCR分析发现,SlMYB86基因在番茄根和叶中均有表达,缺氮胁迫下SlMYB86表达较对照显著增加。(3)成功构建pET-28a-SlMYB86原核表达载体并转化E.coli BL21(DE3),SDS-PAGE和Western blot结果表明,SlMYB86蛋白的最佳诱导条件为0.5 mmol/L的IPTG、37℃诱导8 h;目的蛋白相对分子量大约为41 kD,与预期大小一致,并获得较高纯度的SlMYB86原核蛋白。(4)将纯化的SlMYB86蛋白免疫小白鼠获得抗体,利用该抗体进行Western blot分析发现,番茄中SlMYB86蛋白在缺氮胁迫后表达上调,表明番茄SlMYB86基因参与了缺氮胁迫的应答。     

Molecular and biochemical basis of the interaction between tomato and its fungal pathogen Cladosporium fulvum

The interaction between the biotrophic fungal pathogen Cladosporium fulvum and tomato complies with the genefor-gene model. Resistance, expressed as a hypersensitive response (HR) followed by other defence responses, is based on recognition of products of avirulence genes from C. fulvum (race-specific elicitors) by receptors (putative products of resistance genes) in the host plant tomato. The AVR9 elicitor is a 28 amino acid (aa) peptide and the AVR4 elicitor a 106 aa peptide which both induce HR in tomato plants carrying the complementary resistance genes Cf9 and Cf4, respectively. The 3-D structure of the AVR9 peptide, as determined by 1H NMR, revealed that AVR9 belongs to a family of peptides with a cystine knot motif. This motif occurs in channel blockers, peptidase inhibitors and growth factors. The Cf9 resistance gene encodes a membrane-anchored extracellular glycoprotein which contains leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). 125I labeled AVR9 peptide shows the same affinity for plasma membranes of Cf9+ and Cf9- tomato leaves. Membranes of solanaceous plants tested so far all contain homologs of the Cf9 gene and show similar affinities for AVR9. It is assumed that for induction of HR, at least two plant proteins (presumably CF9 and one of his homologs) interact directly or indirectly with the AVR9 peptide which possibly initiates modulation and dimerisation of the receptor, and activation of various other proteins involved in downstream events eventually leading to HR. We have created several mutants of the Avr9 gene, expressed them in the potato virus X (PVX) expression system and tested their biological activity on Cf9 genotypes of tomato. A positive correlation was observed between the biological activity of the mutant AVR9 peptides and their affinity for tomato plasma membranes. Recent results on structure and biological activity of AVR4 peptides encoded by avirulent and virulent alleles of the Avr4 gene (based on expression studies in PVX) are also discussed as well as early defence responses induced by elicitors in tomato leaves and tomato cell suspensions.