重组生防菌308R(pKSH)的遗传稳定性研究*

工程菌308R(pKSH)携带有梨火疫欧文氏杆菌的hrpN基因,能产生并分泌诱导植物抗病性蛋白-Harpin。该工程菌在无选择压培养基中生长50代,带有重组质粒pKSH的细胞占总菌量的23.1%,对照菌308R(pCPP430)的细胞占4·75%。将工程菌和对照菌喷雾到番茄叶面,保湿条件下的13d内,叶面菌量维持在10⁵cfu/cm²以上,自然条件下的5d内,菌量维持在10⁴cfu/cm²以上,其间308     

产过敏素harpin的固氮工程菌的某些特性研究

研究了产过敏素harpin的固氮工程菌（Enterobacter cloacaeE4)在番茄,烟草叶片上的致过敏能力及该菌所携的双质粒的稳定性。试验结果表明：E4与DH5（pCPP430)致过敏能力的速度和强度基本相同,E4与308R（pCPP430)相比,烟草上它们致过敏能力的速度基本一致。但308R（pCPP430)致过敏能力的强度更强,在番茄叶片上,E4和308R（pCPP430)致过敏能力的速度和强度基本一样,E4所携的双质粒pCPP430和pMC73A在宿主细菌中是不稳定的,在宿主细菌连续繁殖过程中,质粒pCPP430和pMC73A随宿主细菌的繁殖而发生缺失,当连续传代48代时,双质粒的丢失率达100%,而且各含一种质粒的细胞产生的机率基本相同。     

产过敏素harpin的固氮工程菌的某些特性研究*

研究了产过敏素harpin的固氮工程菌(Enterobacter cloacae E4)在番茄、烟草叶片上的致过敏能力及该菌所携的双质粒的稳定性。试验结果表明:E4与DH5(pCPP430)致过敏能力的速度和强度基本相同。E4与308R(pCPP430)相比,烟草上它们致过敏能力的速度基本一致,但308R(pCPP430)致过敏能力的强度更强,在番茄叶片上,E4和308R(pCPP430)致过敏能力的速度和强度基本一样。E4所携的双质粒pCPP430和pMC73A在宿主细菌中是不稳定的,在宿     

产harpin的成团泛菌工程菌308R（pCPP430）遗传稳定性的研究

成团泛菌工程菌３０８Ｒ（ｐＣＰＰ４３０）带有梨火疫欧文氏杆菌的与过敏反应和致病性有关的基因簇 （ｈｒｐ）,可以产生能诱导植物抗病性的蛋白质ｈａｒｐｉｎ。该工程菌在ＬＢ液体培养基中生长５０代后,带有重 组质粒ｐＣＰＰ４３０的细胞占总菌量的 １％,带有载体ｐＣＰＰ９的细胞为４６％。工程菌喷雾到番茄叶面,保湿条 件下叶面菌量维持在 １０５ｃｆｕ／ｃｍ２以上,其中带有 ｐＣＰＰ４３０质粒的菌维持在 ４０％以上,带有 ｐＣＰＰ９载体的 菌维持在８０％以上。因此,携带ｈｒｐ基因簇的质粒ｐＣＰＰ４３０在宿主菌中是不稳定的。文中讨论了改进工 程菌遗传稳定性的途径。     

产harpin的成团泛菌工程菌308R(pCPP430)遗传稳定性的研究*

成团泛菌工程菌３０８Ｒ（ｐＣＰＰ４３０）带有梨火疫欧文氏杆菌的与过敏反应和致病性有关的基因簇 （ｈｒｐ）,可以产生能诱导植物抗病性的蛋白质ｈａｒｐｉｎ。该工程菌在ＬＢ液体培养基中生长５０代后,带有重 组质粒ｐＣＰＰ４３０的细胞占总菌量的 １％,带有载体ｐＣＰＰ９的细胞为４６％。工程菌喷雾到番茄叶面,保湿条 件下叶面菌量维持在 １０^５ｃｆｕ／ｃｍ２以上,其中带有 ｐＣＰＰ４３０质粒的菌维持在 ４０％以上,带有 ｐＣＰＰ９载体的 菌维持在８０％以上。因此,携带ｈｒｐ基因簇的质粒ｐＣＰＰ４     

NAA对蜜环菌生长及CAT,SOD活性影响的研究

低浓度（低于30mg／L）的α－萘乙酸（NAA）能刺激密环菌的生长,其生长量可提高0～47．1％;并促进密环菌中SOD（超氧化物歧化酶）和CAT（过氧化氢酶）活性提高,随NAA处理浓度的增加及时间的延长（0～12d）2酶活性随之增强。过高浓度则2酶活性提高率下降,但仍高于对照。10mg／LNAA处理12dSOD活性提高61．1％,处理16dCAT活性提高54．7％。10mg／LNAA处理时可提高密环菌中可溶性蛋白质含量13．0％～17．4％。     

生物催化法合成6-氰基-（3R，5R）-二羟基己酸叔丁酯

利用E.coli BL21／pCDFDuet-gdh—cr-X共表达全细胞催化6-氰基-（5R）-羟基-3-羰基己酸叔丁酯不对称还原合成6-氰基-（3R,5R）-二羟基已酸叔丁酯。结果表明：在菌体用量4．85g/L、葡萄糖与底物质量浓度比为1：1、温度28℃、pH7．0条件下,80．0g／L6-氰基-（5R）-羟基-3-羰基己酸叔丁酯生物还原2h后,底物转化率可达99．0％,产物d.e．值大于99．5％。在考察范围内,NADP^＋用量对催化效率无显著作用。     

安徽虫瘟霉诱发的桃蚜流行病与流行模型

在15℃与100％RH的组合条件下以接种安徽虫瘟霉（Zoophthora anhuiensis)和未接种的桃蚜（Myzus persicae)成蚜按不同比例混合（0：6,1：5,2：4,3：3,4：2,5：1及6：0）建立蚜群,3次重复,考察流行病的发生与发展,结果表明,在带菌蚜50％以上的蚜群中,活蚜的数量增长因高强度的流行病发生而得到有效控制,活蚜数妈终未超过50头／90cm^2,第22天观察结束时与对照（0：6）jah vtk r 656udi /90cm^2相比控蚜效果高达93．24％－100％,在接菌与未接菌比例1：5和2：4的蚜群中,蚜病的发生虽未能充分控制蚜虫的数量增长,但结束时的蚜虫数量均显著低于对照,分别为356头／90cm^2和207头／90cm^2,控蚜效果亦分别达46％和68％,各处理蚜群中病害流行随时间的变化很好地拟合Gompertz模型（r^2=0.97),由此估计出虫瘟霉不同初始菌量在蚜群中的流行速度（R）及最高流行水平（K）,线性回归分析表明,初始侵染体密度确定了R（r^2=0.89)和K（r^2=0.90)估计值的90％变异,充分显示安徽虫瘟霉流行病的发生及流行强度对初始侵染体和寄主密度的依赖性。     

葡萄酒酵母不对称还原苯甲酰甲酸合成（R）-扁桃酸

研究了葡萄酒酵母不对称还原制备（R）-扁桃酸的转化,并将其放大至反应罐进行小试研究。通过转化条件的优化,在密闭条件下,当底物质量浓度为10g/L时,苯甲酰甲酸的产率达到72％,扁桃酸的对应过量值（e.e）值达到99％以上。实验发现,该微生物具有很好的催化稳定性,全细胞经过10批次反应,产率无明显降低,产物对映体过量值均高于98％。转化反应放大至7L反应罐体系后,S.ellipsoideus,仍然具有良好的催化性能,产率提高到81％,e.e值保持在99％。     

产二十二碳六烯酸等多不饱和脂肪酸真菌的筛选*

从土壤中筛选出一株产二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）的丝状真菌,菌丝含油21.23％,DHA占总脂肪酸2.51％;同时含二十碳五烯酸（EPA）,占总脂肪酸的0．41％;不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的80％。经鉴定为头孢霉属（Caphalosporiumsp．）真菌。同时发现两株菌含EPA,经鉴定为小克银汉霉（Cunninghamellasp.）和毛霉（Mucorsp．）。在这几个属中发现DHA和EPA尚属首次。头孢霉菌DHA产量及百分含量和斜面菌种在不同温度下储藏有关。菌种在20℃储藏10天,在液体PDA培养基上发酵,DHA可占总脂肪酸11．27％,产量达63．35mg／L。     

转基因生防菌308R(pCPP430)对番茄根围菌群的影响

研究目的在于了解转基因生防菌308R(pCPP430)对番茄根围菌群代谢能力和群落结构的影响。实验中使用了两种互为补充的方法,即单一碳源利用测试(SCSU)和ERIC-PCR,对分别以308R(pCPP430)悬液、308R悬液和无菌水蘸根处理的番茄植株根围菌群进行比较。SCSU菌落计数的聚类分析表明,308R(pCPP430)和308R处理的根围菌重复之间相似性好,水处理的相似性差。主成分分析也得到了相同的结果。ERIC-PCR聚类结果表明,10种碳源,其中8种水处理和308R处理聚为一类。实验为生防菌与植物的互作提供一些依据,为根围菌群结构研究提供一些新的思路。     

利用转座子将parDE与pCPP430体内重组提高生防工程菌的遗传稳定性

带有梨火疫欧氏杆菌 (Erwiniaamylovora)完整的hrp基因簇的重组粘粒pCPP43 0转化到植物的附生菌成团泛菌 (Pantoeaagglomerans) 3 0 8R中后可以使成团泛菌获得在烟草等植物上引发过敏反应和诱导植物抗病性的能力。pCPP43 0携带着约 40kb的梨火疫欧氏杆菌的染色体DNA ,在成团泛菌 3 0 8R中不能稳定遗传。本文首先把广宿主范围质粒RK2的控制质粒稳定性的parDE片段插入到转座载体pUT mini Tn5Km的唯一克隆位点NotI上 ,然后利用Tn5的转座特性 ,将parDE体内重组到pCPP43 0上 ,经过在无抗生素选择压下反复传代和过敏反应活性测定 ,筛选到了遗传稳定性显著提高的重组生防工程菌。     

软腐欧氏杆菌的Ⅲ型分泌系统对harpin蛋白的识别与分泌

本文研究软腐欧氏杆菌分泌致病蛋白的Ⅲ型分泌系统的组分是否能识别梨火疫欧氏杆菌存在于mRNA上的分泌识别信号。用PCR的方法,将带有上游75bp可以在其mRNA的5′端形成一个典型的作为Ⅲ型分泌识别信号的茎环结构的梨火疫欧氏杆菌的诱导植物过敏反应的harpin的基因hrpN,从带有hrp基因簇的质粒pCPP430上克隆到pGEM\|T载体上,获得重组质粒pWGF1,经化学法转化到hrpN基因的转座突变体DH5α(pCPP430hrpN-)中,同时将pWGF1电击转化到胡萝卜软腐欧氏杆菌Se9R中,转化子的无细胞抽提物(CFEP)经Western\|blot检测到harpin蛋白已被表达;带有双重质粒的DH5α(pCPP430hrpN-/pWGF1)在番茄植物上可以引起过敏反应,Se9R(pWGF1)在大白菜上的致病力明显低于Se9R,初步表明一种植物病菌的harpin蛋白可被另外一种病菌的Ⅲ型分泌系统所识别、分泌并保持生物活性。     

不同红光/远红光比例(R/FR)的光照影响番茄幼苗叶片中花青素合成的研究

硫灯或氙灯具有不同的红光／远红光比例(R／FR,前者为1．5,而后者为1)。研究结果表明,硫灯照射下生长的番茄幼苗叶片与太阳光下相似,能正常合成花青素;而氙灯照光生长的番茄幼苗叶片中的花青素合成受到严重抑制,通过分光光度法测定的花青素含量仅为前者的1／9。进一步在硫灯下培养红光／远红光受体(光敏素B族)单突变和双突变的番茄幼苗中,发现单突变体phyB1和双突变体phyB1phyB2的叶片花青素含量显著低于野生型,分别为野生型的1／3和1／15,由此推测花青素合成途径受到了红光／远红光比例的影响。HPLC结果又表明,硫灯和氙灯照光生长的番茄幼苗叶片中黄酮醇总量没有显著差异。我们推测氙灯下番茄幼苗花青素合成过程可能抑制位点是二氢黄酮醇还原酶或白花色素双氧酶两个催化步骤。     

Effect of temperature,cultivars, injury of root and inoculums load of Ralstonia solanacearum to cause bacterial wilt of tomato

Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum , is responsible for severe losses in tomato crops in the world. In the present study, the effect of temperature, cultivars of tomato, injury of root system and inoculums load of R. solanacearum to cause bacterial wilt disease under control conditions was undertaken. Three strains UTT-25, HPT-3 and JHT-5 of R. solanacearum were grown at 5–40?°C in vitro to study, the effect of temperature on the growth of bacteria and maximum growth was found at 30?°C after 72?h in all the strains. Twenty-one days old seedlings of two cultivars of tomato i.e. N-5 (moderately resistant) and Pusa Ruby (highly susceptible) were transplanted into the pots and inoculated with R. solanacearum strain UTT-25 (5 × 10⁸?cfu/ml), mechanically injured and uninjured roots of the plant. The plants were allowed to grow at 20, 25, 30 and 35?°C at National Phytotron Facility, IARI, New Delhi to study the effect of temperature on intensity of bacterial wilt disease. Maximum wilt disease intensity was found 98.73 and 95.9 % in injured roots of Pusa Ruby and N-5 cultivars of tomato at 35?°C on 11th days of inoculation, respectively. However, no wilt disease was observed in both the cultivars at 20?°C up to 60?days. For detection of R. solanacearum from asymptomatic tomato plants, hrpB-based sequence primers (Hrp_rs2F and Hrp_rs2R) amplified at 323?bp was used in bio-PCR to detect R. solanacearum from crown, mid part of stem and upper parts of the plant. Another experiment was conducted to find out the inoculum potential of R. solanacearum strain UTT-25 to cause bacterial wilt in susceptible cultivar Pusa Ruby. The bacteria were inoculated at concentration of bacterial suspension 10 to 10¹⁰?cfu/ml in injured and uninjured roots of the plants separately and injured root accelerated wilt incidence and able to cause wilt disease 63.3% by 100?cfu/ml of R. solanacearum, while no disease appeared at 10?cfu/ml on the 11th day of inoculation in injured and uninjured roots of the plant.     

重组猪胰蛋白酶及其R122位点突变体在毕赤酵母中的高效表达及其性质研究

目的:研究R122位点突变重组猪胰蛋白酶,与野生型酶相比较,该位点对重组猪胰蛋白酶(RPT)性质的影响。方法:以毕赤酵母GS115作为表达宿主,对RPT、突变体mRPT(R122H)和 mRPT(R122H/R73G/R130T)进行表达及纯化。并对其性质和稳定进行对比研究。结果:重组胰蛋白酶及其突变体在毕赤酵母中均获得了高效表达。相对于RPT,突变体mRPT(R122H)和 mRPT(R122H/R73G/R130T)在以N-苯甲酰-L-精氨酸乙酯 (BAEE)为底物时,具有更强底物结合力,三者的米氏常数分别为18.8μmol/L、9.0μmol/L和11.0μmol/L;两突变体耐高温耐碱能力增强;在Ca ²⁺存在及去除的条件下,突变体具有更强的抗自降解能力。 结论:可以利用毕赤酵母高效表达重组胰蛋白酶及其突变体。mRPT(R122H)和mRPT(R122H/R73G/R130T) 相对于野生型RPT,对高pH条件和高温的耐受性增强,该稳定性的提高主要归因于R122位点的突变。     

Microcosm method to assess survival of recombinant bacteria associated with plants and herbivorous insects

A microcosm method was developed to investigate survial and fate of genetically engineered bacteria associated with plant surfaces and a plant-feeding insect, the variegated cutworm,Peridroma saucia. Larvae on radish plants in microcosms were sprayed with nonrecombinantPseudomonas cepacia and a recombinant strain ofP. cepacia carrying the transmissible plasmid R388::Tn1721. Leaf, whole insect, foregut, and frass samples were periodically assayed over a 48-h period to enumerate total bacteria andP. cepacia strains. Immediately after spraying,P. cepacia comprised about 20%–30% of the total population on leaves, which was 2×10⁷ cfu/g of leaf. Approximately 4×10⁷ total cfu were recovered from each gram of whole insect, when theP. cepacia strains averaged about 3×10⁵ cfu/g. After 2 days, the total epiphytic population had increased approximately fourfold, while theP. cepacia strains had decreased to 2%–30% of their initial numbers. After 24 and 48 h, eachP. cepacia strain numbered between 10⁴ and 10⁵ cfu/g of insect in foregut samples, whereas none was detectable in frass. Plasmid transfer fromP. cepacia R388::Tn1721 to the nonrecombinant recipientP. cepacia strain was not observed.     

A pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 Hrp (Type III secretion) deletion mutant expressing the Hrp system of bean pathogen P. syringae pv. syringae 61 retains normal host specificity for tomato

The plant pathogenic species Pseudomonas syringae is divided into numerous pathovars based on host specificity. For example, P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 is pathogenic on tomato and Arabidopsis, whereas P. syringae pv. syringae 61 is pathogenic on bean. The ability of P. syringae strains to elicit the hypersensitive response (HR) in non-hosts or be pathogenic (or parasitic) in hosts is dependent on the Hrp (type III secretion) system and effector proteins this system is thought to inject into plant cells. To test the role of the Hrp system in determining host range, the hrp/hrc gene cluster (hrpK through hrpR) was deleted from DC3000 and complemented in trans with the orthologous cluster from strain 61. Mutant CUCPB5114 expressing the bean pathogen Hrp system on plasmid pCPP2071 retained the ability of wild-type DC3000 to elicit the HR in bean, to grow and cause bacterial speck in tomato, and to elicit a cultivar-specific (gene-for-gene) HR in tomato plants carrying the Pto resistance gene. However, the symptoms produced in compatible tomato plants involved markedly reduced chlorosis, and CUCPB5114(pCPP2071) did not grow or produce symptoms in Arabidopsis Col-0 although it was weakly virulent in NahG Arabidopsis. A hypersensitive-like collapse was produced by CUCPB5114(pCPP2071) in Arabidopsis Col-0 at 1 x 10(7) CFU/ml, but only if the bacteria also expressed AvrB, which is recognized by the RPM1 resistance gene in Col-0 and confers incompatibility. These observations support the concept that the P. syringae effector proteins, rather than secretion system components, are the primary determinants of host range at both the species and cultivar levels of host specificity.