幽门螺杆菌感染对肝硬化患者高氨血症的影响

目的探讨幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染对肝硬化患者血氨浓度的影响.方法 51例确诊为Hp阳性的肝硬化患者为阳性组,27例Hp阴性的肝硬化患者为阴性组,40例Hp阳性的消化性溃疡或胃炎患者为对照组.分别检验3组的血氨浓度并进行比较,应用三联法治疗1周,于4周后再测定3组的血氨并进行比较.结果阳性组与阴性组、对照组血氨浓度相比差异有显著性(P＜0.01).阴性组与对照组相比差异无显著性(P＞0.05),阳性组治疗前后血氨浓度变化差异有显著性(P＜0.01).阳性组不同肝功能分级组血氨浓度之间差异有显著性(P＜0.05);阴性组不同肝功能分级组血氨浓度之间差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论幽门螺杆菌感染可导致肝硬化患者血氨的升高,根除Hp后可使血氨水平明显下降.     

肝硬化患者幽门螺杆菌感染与血氨的关系

目的 :探讨幽门螺杆菌 (Hp)感染对肝硬化患者血氨浓度的影响。 方法 :35例肝硬化患者及 2 5例消化性溃疡患者分别测定Hp感染情况及空腹血氨浓度 ,对于Hp阳性病人口服质子泵抑制剂三联方案1周后测定空腹血氨。结果 :Hp阳性的肝硬化患者空腹血氨较Hp阴性的肝硬化患者空腹血氨显著升高(P <0 0 1)。根除Hp后 ,肝硬化患者空腹血氨浓度显著下降 (P <0 0 5 )。 结论 :Hp感染可引起肝硬化患者血氨浓度升高 ,对此类患者采用Hp根除治疗 ,可显著降低血氨浓度。抗Hp治疗可能有助于预防及治疗肝硬化患者的高氨血症及由此诱发的肝性脑病及亚临床肝性脑病。     

慢性胃炎粘膜内CD3+细胞,S-100+树突状细胞和nNOS表达与幽门螺旋杆菌感染的关系研究

目的　探讨幽门螺旋杆菌 (Hp)与慢性胃炎粘膜内CD3+ 细胞 ,S 10 0 + 树突状细胞和nNOS表达之间的关系。方法　用免疫细胞化学方法 ,检测Hp+ 和Hp 胃炎患者及正常人的胃窦部活检标本。结果　Hp+ 胃炎组胃窦粘膜内CD3+ 细胞和S 10 0 + 树突状细胞数量明显高于Hp-胃炎和正常组 ,且有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1和P <0 0 5 ) ,而nNOS呈高表达 ,与Hp-胃炎组相比有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。结论　Hp+ 胃炎患者胃窦粘膜内CD3+ 细胞和S 10 0 + 树突状细胞的增加是机体对Hp的免疫应答 ,而nNOS在Hp+ 胃炎组的高表达可能与Hp感染有密切关系。     

葛脾煎剂对2型糖尿病大鼠血糖、血脂的影响

目的:探讨葛脾煎剂对实验性糖尿病大鼠血糖、血脂及胰岛素的影响.方法:利用链脲佐茵素建立2型糖尿病大鼠动物模型.将其随机分为糖尿病模型组(n=11)、葛脾煎剂组(n=11)及二甲双胍组(n=9),并设置正常对照组(n=10).治疗8周,观察治疗期间及治疗后大鼠的一般状况,检测大鼠血糖、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、血胰岛素,并计算胰岛素敏感指数(ISI).结果:葛脾煎荆可改善糖尿病大鼠基本状况,治疗组与糖尿病模型组比较,血糖、TC、TG、空腹胰岛素明显降低(P＜0.05),ISI明显提高.二甲双胍组血糖下降幅度、ISI提高幅度大于葛脾煎剂组(P＜0.05),胰岛素下降幅度及血脂改善程度两治疗组无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论:葛脾煎剂对糖尿病大鼠具有降糖、改善血脂、提高胰岛素敏感性的作用,其疗效与二甲双胍相似.     

幽门螺旋杆菌感染的慢性胃炎胃窦粘膜内NF-κB和TGF-α表达及其意义

目的　探讨幽门螺旋杆菌 (Hp)与慢性胃炎患者胃窦粘膜内NF κB和TGF α表达之间的关系。方法　用免疫细胞化学方法 ,检测Hp+ 和Hp-胃炎患者及正常人的胃窦部活检标本。结果　NF κB和TGF α在正常组胃粘膜内弱表达。在胃炎病人 ,NF κB和TGF α表达增强。特别是在Hp+ 组 ,NF κB和TGF α呈高表达 ,与Hp-组和正常组比较均有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5和P <0 0 1)。此外在G细胞和部分腺上皮的细胞核内也呈高表达。TGF α常以颗粒状的特征位于腺上皮细胞核上区而且高表达。结论　NF κB和TGF α的表达在胃炎组增强 ,而且Hp+ 组远高于其他两组。NF κB和TGF α二者的表达平行且成呈正相关。     

幽门螺旋杆菌感染与胃癌患者血清IL-32、IL-1β、TNF-α的关系研究

目的:探讨幽门螺旋杆菌(Hp)感染与胃癌患者血清白介素-32(IL-32)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平的相关性。方法:分别选择151例胃癌患者(胃癌组)和100例健康者(对照组)作为研究对象,均采用14C尿素呼气试验检测Hp感染情况,记录Hp感染U值,根据检测结果将胃癌组分为Hp阳性组119例,Hp阴性组32例。采集所有研究对象空腹静脉血,采用酶联免疫吸附试验测定血清IL-32、IL-1β、TNF-α水平。比较胃癌组和对照组,Hp阴性组和阳性组之间血清IL-32、IL-1β、TNF-α水平、Hp感染U值的差异,Pearson相关性分析胃癌患者血清IL-32、IL-1β、TNF-α水平与Hp感染U值的相关性。结果:胃癌组患者血清IL-32、IL-1β、TNF-α水平以及Hp感染U值均高于对照组(P0.05),Hp阳性组血清IL-32、IL-1β、TNF-α水平以及Hp感染U值均高于Hp阴性组(P0.05)。胃癌患者血清IL-32、IL-1β、TNF-α水平均与Hp感染U值呈正相关(r=0.585、0.428、0.406,P0.05)。结论:胃癌患者Hp感染可引起血清IL-32、IL-1β、TNF-α水平升高,Hp感染、IL-32、IL-1β、TNF-α可能通过联合作用促进胃癌发生和进展。     

血清IL-37、IL-18、NF-κB与非酒精性脂肪性肝病合并幽门螺杆菌感染的相关性

目的探讨血清白介素-23(IL-23)、白介素-18(IL-18)、核因子-κB(NF-κB)与非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)合并幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)感染的相关性。方法选取2013年10月至2019年10月我院收治的83例NAFLD患者作为研究对象,根据是否合并H.pylori感染分为NAFLD+Hp(+)组(n=34)和NAFLD+Hp(-)组(n=49)。选取同期到我院进行体检的100例健康者为对照组。比较3组对象基本资料及血清IL-37、IL-18、NF-κB水平,并进行Pearson相关性分析和Logistic多元回归分析。结果 NAFLD+Hp(+)组和NAFLD+Hp(-)组患者BMI、SBP、DBP、TC、TG、LDL-C、FPG、UA、ALT、AST、ALP、GGT、IL-37、IL-18、NF-κB水平均高于对照组(均P0.05)。NAFLD+Hp(+)组患者TC、TG、LDL-C、FPG、ALT、AST、IL-37、IL-18、NF-κB水平均高于NAFLD+Hp(-)组(均P0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,NAFLD患者TG、LDL-C、FPG、IL-37、IL-18、NF-κB水平及H.pylori感染情况与肝功能指标(ALT、AST)均呈正相关,同时TG、LDL-C、FPG、IL-37、IL-18、NF-κB水平与H.pylori感染情况也均呈正相关(均P0.05)。Logistic多元回归分析显示,TG、LDL-C、FPG、ALT、IL-37、IL-18、NF-κB是NAFLD患者合并H.pylori感染的危险因素。结论 IL-37、IL-18、NF-κB与NAFLD患者合并H.pylori感染有关,且H.pylori感染会引起患者脂质、糖代谢紊乱。     

幽门螺旋杆菌感染与慢性胃炎患者IL-8、IL-10、CRP水平以及血脂指标的关系研究

目的:研究幽门螺旋杆菌(Hp)感染与慢性胃炎患者白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平以及血脂指标的关系。方法:选择从2015年6月到2017年6月在我院接受治疗的慢性胃炎患者150例作为观察组,根据13C-尿素呼吸实验的结果将观察组患者分成HP阳性组71例和Hp阴性组79例,另选同期在我院进行健康体检的志愿者150例作为对照组,对比观察组以及对照组的炎症因子IL-8、IL-10、CRP及血脂指标[低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)]水平,并对比观察组不同HP感染情况的炎症因子及血脂指标水平,分析Hp感染与患者炎症因子及血脂指标水平的相关性。结果:观察组的IL-8、IL-10、CRP、LDL-C及TG水平均分别高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。Hp阳性组患者治疗前的IL-8、IL-10、CRP、LDL-C及TG水平均分别高于HP阴性组,但Hp阳性组患者治疗后的上述指标水平均分别低于HP阴性组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。两组治疗后的IL-10、CRP水平均分别低于治疗前,且Hp阳性组患者的IL-8、LDL-C及TG水平也低于治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05),Spearman相关性分析结果显示,Hp感染与患者IL-8、IL-10、CRP、LDL-C及TG水平均呈正相关(均P0.05),但Hp感染与HDL-C和TC并无明显的相关性(P0.05)。结论:Hp感染与慢性胃炎患者的炎症指标及血脂指标关系紧密,临床上可考虑将此类指标作为存在Hp感染的慢性胃炎患者的监测指标,从而更好地辅助临床诊治。     

肝硬化患者口服培菲康和妈咪爱对肠道菌群影响的研究

目的:研究肝硬化患者肠道菌群的特点,观察患者口服妈咪爱和培菲康前后肠道菌群、粪便pH及血氮水平的变化.方法:选择肠道菌群中具有代表性的细菌共4种进行培养和计数.选择20例正常人为对照组,计数肠道菌群中4种细菌的数量.40例肝硬化患者随机分成2组,分别给予培菲康(三联活菌)及妈咪爱(二联活菌)共治疗14 d.观察治疗前后肠道菌群落计数、粪便pH、血氨水平.结果:①肝硬化组患者存在不同程度的肠道菌群失调,主要表现为双歧杆菌减少(P＜0.05),而肠球菌、肠杆菌则显著增多(P＜0.01)②菌群失调的严重程度随患者肝功能严重程度而加重.③临床表现有腹泻的肝硬化患者,肠道总体菌量和厌氧菌数量均低于非腹泻患者,以双歧杆菌(P＜0.01)减少为著.④两种益生菌制剂均可提高肝硬化患者肠道双歧杆菌的数量(P＜0.05),并可降低血氨和粪便pH(P＜0.05).结论:①肝硬化组患者存在肠道菌群失调.②益生菌制剂均可有效改善肝硬化患者肠道菌群失调并可降低血氨和粪便pH.     

肝硬化大鼠细菌易位以及甜菜碱的干预作用

【目的】研究肝硬化大鼠的细菌易位情况,并探讨甜菜碱对其的干预作用。【方法】随机将48只健康雄性SD(Sprague dawley,SD)大鼠分为四组:正常对照组(N),甜菜碱干预的正常对照组(NB),肝硬化模型组(M),甜菜碱干预的肝硬化模型组(MB)。采用复合致病因素法诱导大鼠肝硬化,NB组和MB组使用1 000 mg/(kg w·d)的甜菜碱水溶液灌胃,N组和M组使用等体积饮用水灌胃;HE染色观察肝脏与小肠损伤情况,并检测各组动物脏器指数与细菌易位情况。【结果】M组大鼠体重增长缓慢(与N组比较,4周和6周时间点均P=0,P0.01);与M组相比,MB组大鼠体重增长较快,至6周时间点体重差异显著(P=0.023,P0.05)。与N组相比,M组动物4周时间点肝脏指数显著升高(P=0,P0.01);6周时间点肝脏(P=0,P0.01)、脾脏指数(P=0.038,P0.05)均显著升高,肾脏指数显著降低(P=0.019,P0.05);与M组相比,6周时间点MB组动物肝脏指数(P=0.038,P0.05)明显降低,肾脏指数(P=0.011,P0.05)明显升高。M组动物肝、肠组织发生明显病理学改变;MB组动物病理学改变减轻。M组发生细菌易位的大鼠数量升高,4周时主要易位于MLN,6周时主要易位于MLN和肾脏;MB组发生细菌易位的大鼠数量有所减少,其中6周时易位至MLN的大鼠数量明显减少(P=0.046,P0.05)。【结论】复合致病因素诱导的肝硬化大鼠,发生细菌易位的器官主要是MLN和肾脏,易位的细菌可通过淋巴管道转位,并随肝硬化病程进展趋于严重。甜菜碱除了其转甲基的保护作用以外,很可能还通过对肠道的保护作用,在一定程度上阻止了肝硬化动物细菌易位的发生,从而发挥了对肝脏的保护作用     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.     

2018年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2018年中国植物科学继续呈现快速发展的态势, 我国科学家在国际植物科学主流学术刊物发表论文数量大幅增加, 取得了多项具有重要影响的成果。调控植物生长-代谢平衡实现可持续农业发展入选2018年度中国科学十大进展; 中国被子植物区系进化历史研究入选2018年度中国生命科学十大进展。以水稻为代表的农作物和果蔬等经济作物研究在国际上已呈现出明显的优势, 若干领域已从“追赶”状态跨越到“领跑”地位。该文对2018年中国科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了概括性评述, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域的发展前沿和热点, 展示中国科学家所取得的杰出成就。     

我国葫芦科植物离体培养研究进展

葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义。综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望。     

2018年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2018年中国植物科学继续呈现快速发展的态势, 我国科学家在国际植物科学主流学术刊物发表论文数量大幅增加, 取得了多项具有重要影响的成果。调控植物生长-代谢平衡实现可持续农业发展入选2018年度中国科学十大进展; 中国被子植物区系进化历史研究入选2018年度中国生命科学十大进展。以水稻为代表的农作物和果蔬等经济作物研究在国际上已呈现出明显的优势, 若干领域已从“追赶”状态跨越到“领跑”地位。该文对2018年中国科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了概括性评述, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域的发展前沿和热点, 展示中国科学家所取得的杰出成就。     

2017年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2017年中国植物科学继续保持高速发展态势, 重大成果频出, 具体表现在中国植物学家在国际顶级学术期刊发表的文章数量平稳上升。中国植物科学领域的研究工作者成果精彩纷呈, 如新型广谱抗病机制的发现、水稻广谱抗病遗传基础及机制和疫霉菌诱发病害成灾机制研究等。2017年中国生命科学领域十大进展评选中, 有两项植物科学领域的研究成果入选。水稻生物学、进化与基因组学和激素生物学等领域学科发展突出。另外, 值得一提的是, 长期从事高等植物与代谢途径调控分子网络研究和水稻品种设计育种的李家洋院士的研究成果“水稻高产优质性状形成的分子机理及品种设计”荣获2017年国家自然科学一等奖。这一具有重大国际影响的开创性贡献标志着中国植物科学在该领域的国际科学前沿居于引领和卓越地位。该文对2017年中国本土科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了系统梳理, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域发展的最新前沿动态, 与广大读者共同分享我国科学家所取得的辉煌成就。     

我国葫芦科植物离体培养研究进展

葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义.综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望.     

Morphine-potentiated platelet aggregation in in vitro and platelet plug formation in in vivo experiments

The detailed mechanisms underlying morphine-signaling pathways in platelets remain obscure. Therefore, we systematically examined the influence of morphine on washed human platelets. In this study, washed human platelet suspensions were used for in vitro studies. Furthermore, platelet thrombus formation induced by irradiation of mesenteric venules with filtered light in mice pretreated with fluorescein sodium was used for an in vivo thrombotic study. Morphine concentration dependently (0.6, 1, and 5 microM) potentiated platelet aggregation and the ATP release reaction stimulated by agonists (i.e., collagen and U46619) in washed human platelets. Yohimbine (0.1 microM), a specific alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist, markedly abolished the potentiation of morphine in platelet aggregation stimulated by agonists. Morphine also potentiated phosphoinositide breakdown and intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization in human platelets stimulated by collagen (1 microg/ml). Moreover, morphine (0.6-5 microM) markedly inhibited prostaglandin E(1) (10 microM)-induced cyclic AMP formation in human platelets, while yohimbine (0.1 microM) significantly reversed the inhibition of cyclic AMP by morphine (0.6 and 1 microM) in this study. The thrombin-evoked increase in pH(i) was markedly potentiated in the presence of morphine (1 and 5 microM). Morphine (2 and 5 mg/g) significantly shortened the time require to induce platelet plug formation in mesenteric venules. We concluded that morphine may exert its potentiation in platelet aggregation by binding to alpha(2)-adrenoceptors in human platelets, with a resulting inhibition of adenylate cyclase, thereby reducing intracellular cyclic AMP formation followed by increased activation of phospholipase C and the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger. This leads to increased intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization, and finally potentiation of platelet aggregation and of the ATP release reaction.     

Changes in aquatic vegetation in Rhine floodplain streams in Alsace in relation to disturbance

Abstract. Changes are described in aquatic vegetation in oligotrophic, groundwater-fed Rhine floodplain streams in Alsace (eastern France), resulting from disturbance. Disturbance factors include changes in nutrients, either permanent ones - effluent from a waste water treatment plant or trout hatcheries - or periodic ones: flooding. Regular inputs of high levels of phosphate and ammonia modified the macrophyte vegetation in these streams. The floristic composition, which was characteristic of oligotrophic waters upstream of the eutrophicated sector, changed to that of a eutrophic situation as originally found downstream. Periodic disturbance by floods which normally occur once a year, irregularly eutrophicates the small streams, causing the development of a mixture of eutrophic and oligotrophic species. Six macrophyte communities are distinguished, indicating different trophic levels. The aquatic vegetation is adapted to the variations of phosphate and ammonia levels. Hence, aquatic macrophytes can be used as bio-indicators of fluctuations in water nutrient levels in relation to the type of disturbance.     

Progress in glial cell studies in some laboratories in China

Glial cells in the central nervous system(CNS) consist of a heterogeneous population of cell types,each characterized by distinct morphological features,physiological properties,and specific markers.In contrast to the previous view that glial cells were passive elements in the brain,accumulating evidence suggests that glial cells are active participants in various brain functions and brain disorders.This review summarizes recent progress of glial cell studies from several groups in China,ranging from studie...