纤维素酶降解小麦秸秆最适条件的研究及其动力学分析

以小麦秸秆为原料,通过正交实验对纤维素酶降解秸秆纤维的影响因素进行了研究。结果表明,影响小麦秸秆降解的因素依次为:酶量>酶解时间>料液比>反应温度,其最适条件是:加酶量为40u/g,酶解时间为10h,反应温度为40℃,料液比为1∶3,总糖含量达到43.24%。以米氏方程为基础,建立起最适酶解条件下总纤维素降解的动力学模型。     

Study on Optimal Conditions of Degradation of Wheat Straw by Cellulase and Analysis of Kinetics

以小麦秸秆为原料,通过正交实验对纤维素酶降解秸秆纤维的影响因素进行了研究.结果表明,影响小麦秸秆降解的因素依次为:酶量＞酶解时间＞料液比＞反应温度,其最适条件是:加酶量为40 u/g,酶解时间为10h,反应温度为40℃,料液比为1∶3,总糖含量达到43.24％.以米氏方程为基础,建立起最适酶解条件下总纤维素降解的动力学模型.     

黑曲霉GD-6纤维素酶液体发酵条件的研究

采用黑曲霉 (Aspergillusniger)GD 6液体发酵生产纤维素酶 ,研究了碳源、氮源、培养基起始 pH值、接种量、摇床转速、通气量对该菌株产纤维素酶活力的影响。结果表明 ,GD 6的最适发酵温度为 2 8～ 3 0℃ ,产酶pH为 5 .5～ 6.0 ,摇床最适转速为 1 5 0r/min ,最佳接种量为 1 0 %。在以 6.0 %稻草粉为碳源、1 %豆饼粉为氮源时产酶活力最高。在最适培养条件下 ,发酵周期为 1 2 0h,发酵液中CMC酶活为 1 88.6U/mL ,FP酶活为 2 7.0U/mL。     

玉米秸杆型多效酶制剂产生菌发酵条件的研究

目的;利用从土样中筛选出的菌株（Y8）发酵生产木聚糖酶,β－葡聚糖酶和纤维素酶,以使玉米秸 中的非淀粉类抗营养物质转化为可被单胃禽畜利用的简单物质,使玉米秸杆成为非常好的饲料粮替代物,以缓解近年来对玉米饲料粮需求的压力。方法：通过调节培养基中的碳氮原料比,pH,产酶菌的接种量及发酵温度,以确定产酶菌的最佳发酵条件。结果：在最适的发酵条件下,Y8产酶菌可生产出高活性的木聚糖酶,β－葡聚糖酶和纤维素酶。结论：以4：12的碳氮原料比,并添加一定量的无机盐制成的培养基,调节pH至5.5-6.0,灭菌后以0.15-0.25%的接种量,在28－30℃的条件下连续培养50h,可使Y8菌株产生高活性的木聚糖酶,β－葡聚糖酶和纤维素酶,此条件为Y8菌株的最佳培养条件。     

酶水解菊芋糖浆发酵生产琥珀酸的初步研究

用产菊粉酶的一株黑曲霉菌株进行产酶发酵条件和水解条件研究,在30℃,pH 6.0,摇床转速200 r/min,发酵时间为3 d的最适产酶条件下,酶活可以达到45.9 U/mL.以总糖含量为85.2 g/L的菊芋粉为初始底物,最适酶水解条件为温度50℃,加黑曲霉培养液的量为10%(v/v),水解12 h后,水解率达到99.6%.用此酶解液在5 L搅拌发酵罐中进行琥珀酸发酵,初始还原糖浓度53.5 g/L,36 h发酵产琥珀酸43.8 g/L,琥珀酸产率0.83 g/g,糖利用率99.0%,琥珀酸生产强度1.22 g/(L·h).     

爱尔兰帚霉产低温纤维素酶的酶学性质和发酵工艺

本文旨在对爱尔兰帚霉E71702M菌株产低温纤维素酶的酶学性质进行初步研究,并获得其最优发酵条件,为低温纤维素酶开发利用提供参考。通过单因素试验确定温度、pH及金属离子对纤维素酶活力的影响;以Plackett-Burman试验设计从8个培养条件中筛选出影响产酶的3个主要因素,即麸皮含量、装瓶量和起始pH;运用Box-Behnken试验设计及响应面分析法确定这3个主要因素的最优发酵条件。对酶学性质的初步研究表明,该酶最适pH为3.0,最适反应温度为30℃,在0℃时残余酶活力为最适反应温度时的56.3%。响应面分析得到最优发酵条件为:麸皮含量8.79g/L、装瓶量40.93m L、初始pH 4.01。通过优化,纤维素酶活力由0.6338IU/m L提高到1.7386IU/m L,提高了174%。     

纤维素酶提取红景天总黄酮的研究

以总黄酮为考察指标,确定纤维素酶提取红景天有效成分的最佳工艺.研究酶解条件对总黄酮浸出率的影响,并对不同提取方法的提取效果和粗提物的DPPH清除活性进行了比较.纤维素酶提取法的最佳工艺条件为:加酶量为1.95%(以原料干重计),液料比为70∶1(mL∶g),pH值为5.5,酶解温度为40℃,酶解时间为5 h,红景天总黄酮的浸出率为4.385%.酶解技术可明显提高红景天总黄酮的浸出率,粗提物得率高且DPPH清除活性较强.     

产碱性纤维素酶嗜碱芽孢杆菌AH-8的研究

从贵州、云南、海南、安徽、四川、辽宁等地采集碱性土样,分离筛选到1株能稳定的产生碱性纤维素酶的嗜碱性芽孢杆菌AH-8。研究表明,该菌株最适产酶温度为37℃,最适发酵时间为36 h;采用均匀设计法对其发酵培养基进行优化,优化培养基配方(%):淀粉3.0,胰蛋白胨1.5,牛肉膏1.5,葡萄糖0.3,KH2PO40.1,初始pH 10.0。在优化培养基条件下,其产酶量提高了120%。碱性纤维素酶最适反应温度为60℃;最适反应pH 10.0;0.01%Co2 对酶活力有一定激活作用。     

康氏木霉(P2)纤维素酶转化蔗髓纤维素成糖及生产SCP

在30升卧式酶解罐和5升标准发酵罐中,进行了以蔗髓纤维素为基质,用康氏木霉(Trichoderma koningii)P2菌株产生的纤维素酶水解成糖生产单细胞蛋白的试验。10%的底物浓度可以得到较高的转化率。最适搅拌速度为10r/min,用酶量为2.21u/g底物,50℃酶促水解24小时,酶解液中还原糖含量为3—4%,底物得糖率49.5%,全纤维素转化率73.8%。用该酶解糖生产单细胞蛋白,试验了5升标准罐培养酵母的最适条件。     

低温纤维素酶菌株CNY086发酵条件优化(Ⅱ)

本文是在前文(Ⅰ)确定菌株CNY086低温纤维素酶发酵培养基的基础上,通过单因素和正交实验研究温度、装液量、接种量及种龄对菌株CNY086低温纤维素酶发酵影响.最适发酵温度、装液量、接种量和种龄分别为15℃、250 mL/500 mL、15%、10 h.上述条件下CNY086菌株5 L发酵酶活力为104.36 U/mL.     

混合菌群发酵秸秆合成菌体蛋白及其动力学分析

混合菌群发酵秸秆可有效提高秸秆纤维的降解率及菌体蛋白的转化率,对拓广蛋白饲料来源、减少环境污染起到积极的作用。本研究以小麦秸秆为原料,在纤维素酶水解预处理的基础上,以米曲霉作为先导菌,进一步分解残留的粗纤维,为后期发酵提供充足的碳源。根据不同微生物的代谢特征和协同机理,试验确定了发酵阶段混合菌群的组成为:米曲霉、产朊假丝酵母和枯草芽胞杆菌;接种顺序为:先接种米曲霉,再接种产朊假丝酵母,最后接种枯草芽胞杆菌。正交试验表明,影响发酵主要因素的主次顺序为:秸秆与麸皮配比>接种比例>发酵时间>接种量>发酵温度;发酵的最适条件为:米曲霉的接种量2.5%,发酵12h后接入5%的产朊假丝酵母,继续发酵8h后接入2.5%的枯草芽胞杆菌,发酵温度为28℃,秸秆与麸皮的配比为4∶1,尿素添加量为1.2%;结合动力学分析,将混合菌群的发酵时间优化为35h,发酵产物中粗蛋白含量由原来的5.47%提高到25%左右。对最适发酵条件下的动力学过程进行了探讨,建立了以Logistic方程为基础的数学模型和动力学方程。本研究表明,混合菌群发酵秸秆提高了发酵产物中的粗蛋白含量。动力学分析对于了解发酵机理、掌握整个发酵过程中混合菌群生长的动态变化、优化发酵工艺具有重要的指导意义。     

混菌发酵改良棉粕蛋白工艺及协同作用研究

利用筛选到的Aspergillus niger P1和Bacillus subtilis H1混菌发酵改良棉粕蛋白,以提高其利用率。结果表明,混菌发酵的最佳发酵条件为:棉粕 40 g,硫酸铵0.2%,麸皮15%,含水量50%,接种量 15%,同时接菌且两菌接菌比例(A.niger P1 ∶ B.subtilis H1)为2 ∶ 1,发酵温度30 ℃,pH约为6.0,发酵时间 60 h。在此条件下发酵后棉粕小肽含量可提高至18.36%,平均肽链长度可降至4.23,体外消化率可提高至88.59%,显著提高了改良棉粕蛋白的效果。在相同发酵条件下比较单、混菌发酵过程的各营养指标发现:A.niger P1可分泌丰富的酸性蛋白酶,B.subtilis H1可分泌丰富的中、碱性蛋白酶,混菌发酵各种蛋白酶的活性显著提高。混菌发酵将大多数大于10个氨基酸组成的多肽降解为1~3个氨基酸组成的小肽,降解效果明显优于单菌发酵。两菌株具有很好的"协同性",可充分利用棉粕基质,协同改良棉粕蛋白。     

湿氧化爆破稻秆的同步糖化发酵条件研究

探讨了木质纤维素经过湿氧化爆破后在同步糖化发酵过程中酵母产乙醇的基本规律.采用单因素方法对湿氧化爆破条件、酶系组成和添加量以及预酶解时间和温度进行了优化.不同湿氧化爆破预处理条件下的稻秆对同步糖化发酵工艺的影响较大,在预处理温度160 ℃,进氧压力为4×105 Pa,碱用量为6%(w/w),反应时间为20 min的条件...     

从葫芦巴种子中提取薯蓣皂甙元方法的研究

为探明葫芦巴种子中药用活性成分薯蓣皂甙元提取的最佳方法,设置了不同的酸解液浓度及酸解时间以了解葫芦巴粉酸解的适宜条件;并在酸化工艺前将脱脂的葫芦巴粉进行自然发酵或接种曲霉发酵以提高薯蓣皂甙元的提取率。结果表明葫芦巴粉酸解液最佳浓度为15%的硫酸溶液,最适宜的酸解时间为6 h。在酸化工艺前增加发酵工艺,可以显著提高有效成份薯蓣皂甙元的提取率,接霉菌发酵比直接酸化提高62%,自然发酵比直接酸化提高48%。     

Astaxanthin preparation by fermentation of esters from Haematococcus pluvialis algal extracts with Stenotrophomonas species

Natural astaxanthin (Ax) is an additive that is widely used because of its beneficial biochemical functions. However, the methods used to produce free Ax have drawbacks. Chemical saponification methods produce several by‐products, and lipase‐catalyzed hydrolysis methods are not cost effective. In this study, a bacterial strain of Stenotrophomonas sp. was selected to enzymatically catalyze the saponification of Ax esters to produce free all‐trans‐Ax. Through single‐factor experiments and a Box–Behnken design, the optimal fermentation conditions were determined as follows: a seed culture age of 37.79 h, an inoculum concentration of 5.92%, and an initial broth pH of 6.80. Under these conditions, a fermentation curve was drawn, and the optimal fermentation time was shown to be 60 h. At 60 h, the degradation rate of the Ax esters was 98.08%, and the yield of free all‐trans‐Ax was 50.130 μg/mL. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:649–656, 2016     

一株芽孢杆菌在维生素C二步发酵中对小菌的促进作用

从土壤中分离到1株能更好促使小菌生长和产酸的芽孢杆菌B601,作为伴生菌与巨大芽孢杆菌相比,在生长过程中,发酵液中B601活菌数小于巨大芽孢杆菌,而其芽孢数则多于巨大芽孢杆菌。对B601组成菌系的发酵条件进行优化,得到如下结果：100g／L L-山梨糖、6g／L尿素、10g/L玉米浆、培养温度30℃和发酵周期44h。与巨大芽孢杆菌组成菌系相比其底物,L-山梨糖质量浓度提高了25％,尿素下降了50％．玉米浆质量浓度下降了33％,温度提高了2℃,发酵周期缩短了4h。结果表明：B601作为伴生菌,与巨大芽孢杆菌相比,该菌株明显提高了发酵效率。     

Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of steam-exploded corn stover at high glucan loading and high temperature

Background

Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) is a promising process for bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass. High glucan loading for hydrolysis and fermentation is an efficient approach to reduce the capital costs for bio-based products production. The SSF of steam-exploded corn stover (SECS) for ethanol production at high glucan loading and high temperature was investigated in this study.

Results

Glucan conversion of corn stover biomass pretreated by steam explosion was maintained at approximately 71 to 79% at an enzyme loading of 30 filter paper units (FPU)/g glucan, and 74 to 82% at an enzyme loading of 60 FPU/g glucan, with glucan loading varying from 3 to 12%. Glucan conversion decreased obviously with glucan loading beyond 15%. The results indicated that the mixture was most efficient in enzymatic hydrolysis of SECS at 3 to 12% glucan loading. The optimal SSF conditions of SECS using a novel Saccharomyces cerevisiae were inoculation optical density (OD)₆₀₀?=?4.0, initial pH 4.8, 50% nutrients added, 36 hours pre-hydrolysis time, 39°C, and 12% glucan loading (20% solid loading). With the addition of 2% Tween 20, glucan conversion, ethanol yield, final ethanol concentration reached 78.6%, 77.2%, and 59.8 g/L, respectively, under the optimal conditions. The results suggested that the solid and degradation products’ inhibitory effect on the hydrolysis and fermentation of SECS were also not obvious at high glucan loading. Additionally, glucan conversion and final ethanol concentration in SSF of SECS increased by 13.6% and 18.7%, respectively, compared with separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF).

Conclusions

Our research suggested that high glucan loading (6 to 12% glucan loading) and high temperature (39°C) significantly improved the SSF performance of SECS using a thermal- and ethanol-tolerant strain of S. cerevisiae due to the removal of degradation products, sugar feedback, and solid’s inhibitory effects. Furthermore, the surfactant addition obviously increased ethanol yield in SSF process of SECS.

     

Optimization of fermentation medium and conditions for mycelial growth and water-soluble exo-polysaccharides production by Isaria farinosa B05

The optimal fermentation medium and conditions for mycelial growth and water-soluble exo-polysaccharides production by Isaria farinosa B05 were investigated. The medium components and fermentation conditions were optimized according to the one at a time method, while the concentration of medium components was determined by the orthogonal matrix method. The results showed that the optimal fermentation medium was as follows: sucrose 3.5% (w/v), peptone 0.5%, yeast extract 0.2%, K(2)HPO(4) 0.1%, and MgSO(4) 0.05%. The suitable fermentation conditions were as follows: initial pH 7.0, temperature 25 degrees C, medium volume 75 mL/250 mL, inoculum volume 5% (v/v), time 5d. In such optimal nutrition and environmental conditions, the maximal mycelial yield was 2.124 g/100 mL after 4 day's fermentation, while maximal water-soluble exo-polysaccharides production reached 2.144 g/L after 5 day's fermentation.     

Production of casein hydrolysates by extracellular acid proteinases of immobilized Humicola lutea cells

Casein hydrolysis was studied during the cultivation of immobilized Humicola lutea cells producing acid proteinases. By monitoring the cultivation with time, various casein hydrolysates could be obtained, from partially modified proteins (yield 80%) with improved emulsion properties to peptones (yield > 50%) with a degree of hydrolysis >40%. The casein from the fermentation medium appeared to be simultaneously a nitrogen source, an inducer of proteinase biosynthesis, and a substrate for the production of casein hydrolysates. Casein (4%) and glucose (2%) ensured optimal cultivation conditions. The fungal cells, immobilized in calcium alginate beads, required a short cultivation time and demonstrated comparable hydrolysis of casein during five to seven reuses in batch mode. Correspondence to: B. Tchorbanov     

黑曲霉B0201利用五倍子固体发酵产单宁酶的条件研究

通过比较常规灭菌发酵和生料发酵, 研究黑曲霉B0201利用五倍子固体发酵产单宁酶的条件。结果表明, 在生料发酵过程中, 采用20%五倍子并且以(NH4)2SO4为氮源制备单宁酶的最佳条件为: 液固比=1.6:1、温度30°C、初始pH 6.0。在该条件下通过96 h的培养, 单宁酶的活力可达51.2 U/gds, 是常规灭菌发酵的3.6倍。以上结果显示, 生料发酵生产单宁酶是一种高效可行的方法。