黄胸蓟马触角感器的形态和分布

摘要: 【目的】本研究旨在明确黄胸蓟马Thrips hawaiiensis各个发育阶段触角感器类型、形态和分布。【方法】运用扫描电镜技术观察黄胸蓟马雌雄成虫、若虫、预蛹、蛹触角的形态结构以及触角上感器类型、形态和分布。【结果】黄胸蓟马成虫触角由柄节、梗节和鞭节3个部分组成,其中长的鞭节分为5个鞭小节(I-V)。雌成虫触角平均长度为263.70±5.78 μm,雄成虫触角平均长度为225.79±8.92 μm。触角长度随着虫龄的增长而显著增加。雌雄成虫触角上共发现Bhm氏鬃毛、钟形感器、刺形感器(I和II)、毛形感器、锥形感器(I, II和III)、腔锥形感器和腔形感器7种触角感器以及微毛和表皮齿2种表皮结构。预蛹触角呈锥形,无明显分节,可以自由活动,平均长138.81±6.29 μm。蛹触角紧贴头胸背部,圆柱形、无明显分节,不能自由活动,平均长213.07±6.30 μm。1龄和2龄若虫触角由柄节、梗节和鞭节组成,其鞭节分为4个鞭小节(I-IV),触角平均长度分别为122.48±1.72和134.58±3.75 μm。1龄若虫触角上分布有Bhm氏鬃毛、钟形感器、刺形感器(I和II)、锥形感器(I和II)、腔锥形感器、腔形感器、毛形感器和特殊结构感器共8种类型感器,表面分布表皮齿和舌状结构2种表皮结构;2龄若虫触角上分布有Bhm氏鬃毛、钟形感器、刺形感器(I和II)、毛形感器、锥形感器(I和II)、腔锥形感器、腔形感器7种类型感器以及表皮齿1种表皮结构。【结论】本研究较全面地对黄胸蓟马各个发育阶段的触角及触角感器形态和分布进行了观察和描述,并对其功能进行了推测。研究结果为进一步研究蓟马类昆虫触角感器的生理功能奠定了理论基础。     

双斑长跗萤叶甲触角感器的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜观察了双斑长跗萤叶甲Monolepta hieroglyphica(Motschulsky)成虫触角及其感器的形态与分布。结果表明:双斑长跗萤叶甲成虫触角为线状,由柄节、梗节和鞭节组成,鞭节有9节,其中,雄虫的触角比雌虫长;感器类型有毛形感器(1型、2型和3型)、刺形感器、锥形感器(1型和2型)、腔锥形感器、Bhm氏鬃毛、钟形感器共9种。雌雄成虫触角感器类型无差异,但雄虫触角上的感器分布要比雌虫的稠密。     

Scanning electron microscopy studies of antennal sensilla of Monolepta hieroglyphica

利用扫描电镜观察了双斑长跗萤叶甲Monolepta hieroglyphica (Motschulsky)成虫触角及其感器的形态与分布.结果表明:双斑长跗萤叶甲成虫触角为线状,由柄节、梗节和鞭节组成,鞭节有9节,其中,雄虫的触角比雌虫长;感器类型有毛形感器(1型、2型和3型)、刺形感器、锥形感器(1型和2型)、腔锥形感器、B(o)hm氏鬃毛、钟形感器共9种.雌雄成虫触角感器类型无差异,但雄虫触角上的感器分布要比雌虫的稠密.     

西花蓟马触角感器的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜观测了西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)若虫、伪蛹及成虫触角上的感器类型、分布及其超微结构。结果表明,西花蓟马3种虫态触角上共存在4种感器,即毛形感器、锥形感器、U形感器和刺形感器。其中锥形感器分6种亚型,刺形感器分3种亚型;若虫、蛹及成虫在触角长度、节数、感器数量及类型等方面均有很大差异,其中蛹的感器类型及数量最少,若虫次之,成虫最多,U形感器仅见于成虫触角上等。此外,发现触角长度、触角末端、L锥形感器及刺形感器在雌雄之间存在差异,其它感器在雌、雄西花蓟马触角上的分布和数量无明显区别。     

三种花蓟马触角感器的超微结构

采用扫描电子显微镜对花蓟马Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom)、 禾花蓟马F. tenuicornis (Uzel) 和西花蓟马F. occidentalis (Pergande) 3种国内危害严重的农业害虫的两性成虫触角感器超微结构进行观察和比较, 旨在明确3种花蓟马两性成虫触角上的感器类型、 数量、 分布及超微形态特征, 明晰3种花蓟马触角感器差异, 进而补充蓟马感器详细资料、 完善蓟马形态学研究。结果表明： 3种花蓟马两性成虫触角上均有8种感器类型, 即Böhm氏鬃毛、 钟形感器、 毛形感器、 刺形感器、 锥形感器、 腔锥形感器、 腔形感器和特殊结构感器。触角各节上感器的分布和数量并不均匀。分析结果显示, 各类感器在触角上的分布相对稳定, 具有一定规律; 近缘种间和同种两性间触角感器的形态及分布无明显差异。     

黄脊竹蝗触角感器的电镜扫描观察

黄脊竹蝗是中国南方地区重要的竹子害虫,为了更好地理解黄脊竹蝗"趋尿行为"的生理生化机制,通过电镜扫描技术研究了黄脊竹蝗成虫触角感器的类型、数量、形态及分布特征,比较分析了其在雌、雄成虫间的差异。结果表明:黄脊竹蝗雌、雄成虫触角丝状,由1节柄节、1节梗节和23节鞭节构成,雌雄间触角长度及直径差异不显著(P>0.05);雌、雄成虫触角感器均有毛形感器Ⅰ、毛形感器Ⅱ、刺形感器、锥形感器Ⅰ、锥形感器Ⅱ和腔锥形感器6种;其中,锥形感器数量最多,约占感器总数的53%,主要分布在鞭节的第8～21亚节上;各类感器在雌、雄成虫间触角上的分布特征相似,雄成虫触角上感器总数、锥形和腔锥形感器数量显著多于雌成虫(P<0.05)。     

豆野螟触角感器的电镜超微结构及嗅觉功能

本文利用扫描电镜(SEM)和触角电位仪(EAG)对豆野螟Maruca Testulalis (Geyer)触角感器的结构其及嗅觉功能进行了研究。豆野螟雌、雄成虫触角外部形态结构扫描的结果表明,豆野螟雌成虫触角上存在有毛形感器、刺形感器、腔锥形感器、耳形感器和栓锥形感器5种,雄成虫触角除上述5种感器外,还分布有柱形感器。以基部（触角的1/3）、中部（触角的1/3）和端部（触角的1/3）为单位,对雌、雄成虫触角节的各种类型感器数量进行统计,结果表明毛形感器、腔锥形感器、耳形感器在雌和雄虫触角上的分布都存在极其显著的差异。测定了豆野螟雄虫触角对性信息素化合物反,反-10,12-十六碳二烯醛和反,反-10,12-十六碳二烯-1-醇以及雌虫触角对植物挥发性化合物顺-3-己烯-乙酸酯和芳樟醇的EAG反应感应部位,结果表明EAG反应强弱与感器数量之间不存在明显的线性相关;对性信息素和植物挥发物有反应的触角感器在触角上的分布存在差异,对信息素反应的感器主要分布在触角鞭节的顶端24小节内(约占触角的1/3),而对植物挥发性化合物反应的感器则分布于触角鞭节顶端48小节内(约占触角的2/3)。     

微红梢斑螟(鳞翅目:螟蛾科)成虫触角感器的扫描电镜观察

通过扫描电镜对微红梢斑螟雌、雄成虫触角的外部形态及感器进行观察,结果表明,微红梢斑螟雌、雄成虫触角共观察到10类感器.其中,毛形感器(Ⅰ、Ⅱ型)、刺形感器(Ⅰ、Ⅱ型)、耳性感器、腔锥形感器、Bǒhm氏鬃毛共7类感器在雌、雄虫触角上均有分布;而栓锥形感器仅在雌虫触角上被发现,钟形感器和鳞形感器这2类感器仅在雄虫触角上被发现.各类型感器的数量以鞭节上最多,且多处于触角的腹面和侧面.感器的类型、数量及形态在雌、雄虫触角上存在性二型现象.     

齿缘刺猎蝽成虫触角和跗节感器的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜观察了齿缘刺猎蝽(Sclomina erinacea Stal)成虫触角及前足跗节上的感受器,结果表明:齿缘刺猎蝽触角5节,由柄节、梗节和3个鞭节构成,梗节最短;雌、雄虫前足跗节均为3节。触角上共有3种感器,分别为毛形感器、刺形感器和锥形感器,其中,毛形感器、锥形感器各有两种类型,刺形感器有3种类型。雌、雄个体间触角感器类型及分布未见明显差异。前足跗节上仅存在刺形感器,该感器在雄虫前足跗节上的分布较雌虫密集。     

疟疾媒介中华按蚊触角感器的扫描电镜观察

【目的】明确中华按蚊Anopheles sinensis雌成虫与幼虫触角感器的类型、形态和分布。【方法】利用光学显微镜观察中华按蚊成虫与幼虫触角的形态结构,利用扫描电镜观察触角上的感器类型、形态和分布。【结果】中华按蚊雌成虫触角由柄节、梗节和鞭节组成,鞭节有13个亚节。触角上共发现4种类型的感器,分别为毛形感器(锐型和钝型)、刺形感器(大型和小型)、锥形感器(Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型)和腔锥形感器(大型和小型)。雌成虫触角各类感器总计约1 135.67±86.75个,其中毛形感器数量最多(662.00±6.22个),随后是刺形感器(294.67±33.35个)和锥形感器(146.00±42.39个),腔锥形感器数量最少(36.50±5.90个)。毛形感器、刺形感器和锥形感器在鞭节的每个亚节均有分布,而大型腔锥形感器在第9-11亚节没有分布,小型腔锥形感器仅分布于第13节的顶端。幼虫触角的鞭节不分亚节,呈管状,触角末端有一个感觉锥,鞭节上分布有与成虫锥形感器相似的锥形凸起,初步定名为类锥形感器,其数量和大小随幼虫龄期的增长而显著增加,锥体表面的凹槽越来越明显,其功能还需要通过超微结构和电生理等研究进一步确定。【结论】本研究对中华按蚊幼虫和雌成虫触角感器的形态特征、类型、数量及其分布进行了观察和分析,结果为进一步研究中华按蚊感器的生理功能奠定了基础。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.