访花昆虫红腹毛蚊触角感器扫描电镜观察

【目的】本研究旨在明确访花昆虫红腹毛蚊Bibio rufiventris触角感器的类型和分布。【方法】通过扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)观察红腹毛蚊雌、雄成虫触角感器的种类、数量和形态,比较雌雄个体间的差异。【结果】红腹毛蚊雌、雄成虫触角均包含3部分,分别为柄节、梗节和鞭节,其中鞭节由8个亚节组成。雌成虫触角平均总长度为862.556±78.662μm,雄成虫触角平均总长度为880.361±83.253μm,雌、雄成虫触角各亚节的长度几乎相似,只有鞭节第8亚节长度有显著差异。红腹毛蚊的触角感器共有4大类,即刺形感器、锥形感器、毛形感器和B?hm氏鬃毛。其中,雌性红腹毛蚊触角感器共有6种亚型,即刺形感器、毛形感器2型、锥形感器(1, 2和4型)和B?hm氏鬃毛;雄性红腹毛蚊触角感器共有5种亚型,即刺形感器、毛形感器1型、锥形感器(2和3型)和B?hm氏鬃毛。【结论】红腹毛蚊雌、雄成虫触角感器在种类、数量以及形态特征方面存在一定差异。本研究为进一步探究红腹毛蚊触角感器的生理功能及其行为活动的分子机制提供了形态学基础。     

黑斑双叉叶蝉成虫触角及触角感器的扫描电镜观察

【目的】观察比较黑斑双叉叶蝉Chlorotettix nigromaculatus成虫雌、雄两性的触角及其感器的形态、数量和分布,为黑斑双叉叶蝉的行为生物学、化学生态学和电生理学的研究提供参考。【方法】利用扫描电镜技术,观察黑斑双叉叶蝉成虫的触角外部形态及其感器的类型、数量和分布及超微结构。【结果】黑斑双叉叶蝉雌雄成虫触角感器类型、数量和分布相似。该虫成虫触角呈刚毛状,包括柄节、梗节和鞭节3部分,其中柄节和梗节较粗短,其上布满众多鳞形突起;鞭节细长,由约60～64亚节组成,鞭节第1亚节上也布满鳞形突起。成虫的触角感器分为7种类型,包括蒲氏鬃毛(Bhm bristles, BB)、毛形感器(sensilla trichodea, ST)、锥形感器(sensilla basiconica, SB)、钟形感器(sensilla campaniformia, SCa)、刺形感器(sensilla chaetica, SCh)、腔锥形感器(sensilla coelocomica, SCo)、分叉感器(forficate sensilla, FS)。其中蒲氏鬃毛主要分布在柄节和梗节中下部,毛形感器STⅠ和STⅡ分布在柄节、梗节和鞭节,锥形感器主要分布在鞭节第1和2亚节端部,钟形感器SCaⅠ和SCaⅡ分布在柄节和鞭节第3和5节端部,腔锥形感器SCoⅠ和SCoⅡ分布在鞭节第1-5亚节,刺形感器SChⅠ和SChⅡ分布在梗节中上部和鞭节第4亚节端部,分叉感器分布在梗节基部。触角感器类型和基本结构在雌雄个体间无明显差异。【结论】黑斑双叉叶蝉的触角感器类型、分布和数量在雌雄个体间无差异。各种感器分布具有一定的规律性。首次发现在其柄节和梗节分布有蒲氏鬃毛,梗节上有刺形感器和分叉感器,鞭节第1-5亚节上分布有腔锥形感器。     

黄胸蓟马触角感器的形态和分布

摘要: 【目的】本研究旨在明确黄胸蓟马Thrips hawaiiensis各个发育阶段触角感器类型、形态和分布。【方法】运用扫描电镜技术观察黄胸蓟马雌雄成虫、若虫、预蛹、蛹触角的形态结构以及触角上感器类型、形态和分布。【结果】黄胸蓟马成虫触角由柄节、梗节和鞭节3个部分组成,其中长的鞭节分为5个鞭小节(I-V)。雌成虫触角平均长度为263.70±5.78 μm,雄成虫触角平均长度为225.79±8.92 μm。触角长度随着虫龄的增长而显著增加。雌雄成虫触角上共发现Bhm氏鬃毛、钟形感器、刺形感器(I和II)、毛形感器、锥形感器(I, II和III)、腔锥形感器和腔形感器7种触角感器以及微毛和表皮齿2种表皮结构。预蛹触角呈锥形,无明显分节,可以自由活动,平均长138.81±6.29 μm。蛹触角紧贴头胸背部,圆柱形、无明显分节,不能自由活动,平均长213.07±6.30 μm。1龄和2龄若虫触角由柄节、梗节和鞭节组成,其鞭节分为4个鞭小节(I-IV),触角平均长度分别为122.48±1.72和134.58±3.75 μm。1龄若虫触角上分布有Bhm氏鬃毛、钟形感器、刺形感器(I和II)、锥形感器(I和II)、腔锥形感器、腔形感器、毛形感器和特殊结构感器共8种类型感器,表面分布表皮齿和舌状结构2种表皮结构;2龄若虫触角上分布有Bhm氏鬃毛、钟形感器、刺形感器(I和II)、毛形感器、锥形感器(I和II)、腔锥形感器、腔形感器7种类型感器以及表皮齿1种表皮结构。【结论】本研究较全面地对黄胸蓟马各个发育阶段的触角及触角感器形态和分布进行了观察和描述,并对其功能进行了推测。研究结果为进一步研究蓟马类昆虫触角感器的生理功能奠定了理论基础。     

灰茶尺蠖成虫触角及幼虫头部感器超微结构

【目的】明确灰茶尺蠖Ectropis grisescens成虫触角及幼虫头部感器的种类、形态、数量和分布,以探讨灰茶尺蠖的行为机制。【方法】利用扫描电镜技术观察灰茶尺蠖雌、雄成虫触角和5龄幼虫头部感器的超微结构。【结果】灰茶尺蠖成虫触角上分布有8种感器,分别是栓锥形感器、耳形感器、毛形感器(Ⅰ-Ⅳ)、B?hm氏鬃毛、腔锥形感器(Ⅰ和Ⅱ)、鳞形感器、锥形感器(Ⅰ和Ⅱ)和刺形感器。其中,栓锥形感器仅分布在雌蛾触角上,耳形感器、毛形感器(STⅠ-Ⅲ)仅分布在雄虫触角上。5龄幼虫触角上着生1个栓锥形感器、1个锥形感器和2个刺形感器;上唇着生有6对刺形感器,内唇着生有3对刺形感器和1对指形感器;上颚基部外侧着生有2个刺形感器;下颚及下颚须着生有5个刺形感器、9个锥形感器和2个栓锥形感器;下唇须着生有1个锥形感器和1个刺形感器;吐丝器前端着生有1对刺形感器。【结论】灰茶尺蠖雌、雄成虫触角感器存在性二型性,且雄虫上感器种类和数量较多,据此推测雄虫感受寄主植物或性信息素的能力较强;幼虫头部感器具有嗅觉和味觉功能,在其判断食物的种类和适应性等生态行为中发挥重要作用。     

黄脊竹蝗触角感器的电镜扫描观察

黄脊竹蝗是中国南方地区重要的竹子害虫,为了更好地理解黄脊竹蝗"趋尿行为"的生理生化机制,通过电镜扫描技术研究了黄脊竹蝗成虫触角感器的类型、数量、形态及分布特征,比较分析了其在雌、雄成虫间的差异。结果表明:黄脊竹蝗雌、雄成虫触角丝状,由1节柄节、1节梗节和23节鞭节构成,雌雄间触角长度及直径差异不显著(P>0.05);雌、雄成虫触角感器均有毛形感器Ⅰ、毛形感器Ⅱ、刺形感器、锥形感器Ⅰ、锥形感器Ⅱ和腔锥形感器6种;其中,锥形感器数量最多,约占感器总数的53%,主要分布在鞭节的第8～21亚节上;各类感器在雌、雄成虫间触角上的分布特征相似,雄成虫触角上感器总数、锥形和腔锥形感器数量显著多于雌成虫(P<0.05)。     

红环瓢虫触角感器的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜对红环瓢虫Rodolia limbata Motschulsky成虫与幼虫的触角形态及化学感受器进行了观察,结果表明,红环瓢虫成虫的触角为棒状,由柄节、梗节和6个鞭节组成。其上发现有毛形、刺形和锥形3种感器,各种感器长短不一,分布不同,其中锥形感器集中分布于鞭节的4~6亚节,以末节端部最为密集;幼虫触角短,圆锥状,分为3节,感器只有毛形和锥形2种,且数量极少。雌雄成虫与幼虫个体间触角感器的类型、分布均无明显差异。     

斑鞘豆叶甲触角感器的超微结构

斑鞘豆叶甲是大豆苗期重要害虫,本文利用扫描电镜技术观察了斑鞘豆叶甲触角感器超微形态与分布。结果表明:斑鞘豆叶甲触角感器绝大部分着生于鞭节,在鞭亚节端部和末节凹陷区感器分布密集,类型较多。基于感器外部形态可分为8种类型:毛形感器Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型、刺形感器、锥形感器、指形感器、腔锥形感器、栓锥形感器Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型、钟形感器和B hm氏鬃毛。其中毛形感器数量最多,其次是锥形感器,钟形感器最少,仅分布于雄虫触角,还着生有大量表皮孔。雌、雄虫触角感器在形态、数量和分布上均存在差异,雄虫毛形和刺形感器显著长于雌虫,刺形感器端部膨大,两种感器的数量也明显多于雌虫;雌虫与雄虫相比末节背面也具感器密集的凹陷区,指形感器短于雄虫但数量显著多于雄虫。斑鞘豆叶甲触角感器种类丰富,分布密集,雌、雄虫感器存在明显的性二型现象,其结构和类型表现出种间分化特性。     

小地老虎雌蛾触角及幼虫头部感受器扫描电镜观察

【目的】为了解小地老虎Agrotis ypsilon(Rottemberg)雌蛾触角及幼虫头部感受器的种类、形态、数量和分布。【方法】利用扫描电镜技术观察了小地老虎雌蛾触角及5龄幼虫头部形态及触角和口器上的感受器。【结果】小地老虎雌蛾触角上共分布有5种类型的感受器,分别为毛形感器、刺形感器、腔锥形感器、耳形感器、锥形感器。5龄幼虫头部呈椭圆形,口器下口式,为咀嚼式口器,头部可见触角、单眼、蜕裂线、刚毛、唇基、额、上唇、上颚、下颚、下颚须、下唇、下唇须及吐丝器等结构;触角上着生1个毛形感器和4个锥形感器;上颚分布有1个毛形感器和1个刺形感器;在下颚及下颚须上共分布有3个毛形感器、3个刺形感器、4个锥形感器和1个栓锥形感器;下唇须上有1个栓锥形感器和1个锥形感器;吐丝器前方两侧有1对刺形感器。【结论】小地老虎雌蛾触角上的感受器比幼虫头部的多,推测雌蛾利用它们来完成寄主植物和产卵环境选择;幼虫口器附肢上的感受器具有味觉和嗅觉功能,幼虫利用它们判断食物的种类和适合性。     

锈色粒肩天牛触角感器的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜对锈色粒肩天牛Apriona swainsoni雌、雄成虫触角上的感器结构、分布及数量进行观察和研究。结果表明:锈色粒肩天牛成虫触角鞭节状,由柄节,梗节和9节鞭节组成。在雌、雄成虫触角上分布着4类8种感器,分别是2种毛形感器,2种刺形感器,3种锥形感器和1种芽形感器。而发锥形感器和短刺形感器只分布于雄虫的触角上,不同类型感器在雌、雄个体上的长度及分布数量不同。     

黄曲条跳甲触角感器的扫描电镜观察

应用扫描电镜对黄曲条跳甲Phyllotreta striolata(Fabricius)成虫的触角结构、感器的类型、数量和分布进行了观察,并对雌、雄成虫触角及感器之间的差异进行了比较。结果表明:黄曲条跳甲成虫的触角为线形,共11节,即柄节、梗节和9个鞭小节。雄虫触角的长度略长于雌虫(雄:1.48±0.03 mm;雌:1.42±0.05 mm),其中,雄虫触角鞭节第3亚节长度明显长于雌虫(雄:0.19±0.02 mm;雌:0.15±0.01 mm,t=3.77,P=0.0054),且明显膨大,其余各节长度和形态在雌雄虫间差异不显著。触角感器共9种,分别为毛板形感器、刺形感器、毛形感器1型和2型、锥形感器1型、2型和3型、槽钉形感器和耳形感器。各种感器中除耳形感器仅分布在雄性触角末节外,其他类型感器的分布在雌、雄性个体间无明显差异。雄成虫触角上各种感器数量总和明显多于雌成虫,其中,毛形感器1型、锥形感器1型和耳形感器的数量雄成虫明显多于雌成虫。比较并讨论了黄曲条跳甲触角上不同类型感器的适生意义,研究结果将有助于理解黄曲条跳甲触角感器的功能和行为机制。     

Antennal sensilla of the ground beetle Bembidion lampros Hbst (Coleoptera, Carabidae)

Antennal sensilla typology, number and distribution pattern were studied in the ground beetle Bembidion lampros Hbst (Coleoptera, Carabidae) using scanning electron microscopy. The 1.6–1.8 mm long filiform antennae of both sexes consist of the scape, pedicel and of the flagellum composed of nine flagellomeres. In both sexes, three types of sensilla chaetica, two types of sensilla trichodea, five types of sensilla basiconica, one type of sensilla coeloconica, one type of sensilla campaniformia and Böhm sensilla were distinguished. The possible function of the sensilla was discussed and three types of sensilla were considered as olfactory, sensilla trichodea type 2 and sensilla basiconica types 1 and 2. Olfactory sensilla occupy dorsal and/or ventral areas of the flagellomeres and occur sparsely (sensilla basiconica type 1) or not at all (sensilla basiconica type 2 and sensilla trichodea type 2) outside these areas. No remarkable sexual differences in the types, numbers and distribution of antennal sensilla were found.     

扁角豆芫菁成虫雌雄异型触角感器精细结构观察(英文)

【目的】本研究旨在观察扁角豆芫菁Epicauta impressicornis主要触角感器的形态特征,为进一步开展扁角豆芫菁生物学和行为机制研究提供基础参考,也为今后的触角感受器电生理研究提供前提条件。【方法】对扁角豆芫菁E. impressicornis雌雄成虫触角感器进行了扫描电镜观察,并对雌雄成虫触角感器数量、分布及其差异进行了统计和比较分析。【结果】结果表明,其雌雄成虫触角感器存在性二型现象,二者的感器类型、数量及分布既有共性又存在明显差异。雌雄成虫触角共有的感器分为7种,即2种刺形感器(CH1和CH2),2种锥形感器(SB1和SB2),1种Böhm氏鬃毛(BB),1种耳形感器(SA)和1种钟形感器(CA);雄虫触角特有的感器类型包括1种刺形感器(CH3)和1种锥形感器(SB3),而雌性触角特有的感器类型包含2种锥形感器(SB4和SB5)和1种凹槽钉形感器(GP)。【结论】扁角豆芫菁成虫触角感受器类型丰富多样。根据触角感受器的形态、分布以及与之前报道结果的比较分析,推测其功能可能为信息素感器(CH1)、化学感器(CH2和GP)、嗅觉受体(CH3, SB1-SB5, SA和CA)、机械感器(BB)和温度感器(GP和CA)。     

Morphology of antennal sensilla of the brown spruce longhorn beetle,Tetropium fuscum (Fabr.) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

The antennal sensilla of the brown spruce longhorn beetle, Tetropium fuscum (Fabr.) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) were examined with particular focus on the sensilla present on the apical flagellomere. T. fuscum antennae are composed of 11 segments, namely the scape, pedicel, and nine flagellomeres. Nine types of sensilla were observed: three types of sensilla chaetica, sensilla trichodea, two types of sensilla basiconica, grooved peg sensilla, thick-walled sensilla, and Böhm bristles. Seven of these types were present on the apical flagellomere, the exceptions were sensilla chaetica type 3 and Böhm bristles. There were no significant differences in the distribution or density of sensilla present on the ninth flagellomere of males and females, except that males had significantly more sensilla chaetica type 1, which are put forward as the putative contact chemoreceptors for T. fuscum.     

Antennal sensilla of the click beetle,limonius aeruginosus (OLIVIER) (COLEOPTERA: ELATERIDAE)

Antennal sensilla typology, number and distribution of the click beetle Limonius aeruginosus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Elateridae) were studied using scanning electron microscopy. The serrate antennae of both sexes of L. aeruginosus consist of the scape, pedicel and of the flagellum which is composed of 9 flagellomeres. In both sexes, 5 types of sensilla basiconica, 1 type of sensilla trichodea, 1 type of sensilla chaetica, 1 type of sensilla campaniformia and Böhm sensilla were distinguished. No remarkable sexual differences in the types, numbers and distribution of sensilla were found on the antennae, except for the sensilla basiconica type II. The average number of sensilla basiconica type II on the antennae of the male beetle surpassed that on the antennae of the female beetle (3562 and 108 pegs, respectively). It is suggested that this type of sensilla on the male beetles antennae is responsible for the reception of the sex pheromone produced by the female beetle.     

Antennal sense organs of the cockroach, Leucophaea maderae

Adult and nymphal antennae of the cockroach, Leucophaea maderae, contain nine or more different morphological types of sense organs. There is no outwardly apparent sexual dimorphism in adult antennae. Nymphs are dificient in gross numbers of sensilla. Sense organs are classified morphologically by their similarity to known types of sensila and are assigned functions on this basis and preliminary electrophysiological data: Sensilla chaetica (A), thick-walled mechanoreceptive hairs in groups on the antennal base; S. chaetica (B), thick-walled setae which are tactile and probably chemoreceptive, occurring in the antennal base and flagellum; S. trichodea (A), thin-walled chemoreceptive hairs of the flagellum; S. trichodea (B), minute hairs on the scape and pedicel; S. basiconica, thin-walled chemoreceptive pegs, and S. coeloconica (?pit-pegs”?) of the flagellum; S. campaniformia and scolopidia, mechanoreceptors in the base and flagellum; plus Johnston's organ and/or connective chrodotonal organs in the pedicel. Calculations based on absolute counts of sensilla and their known innervation yield an estimate of about 3.3 × 10⁴ sensilla and 10⁵ cells per antenna.     

Ultrastructure of the antennal sensilla of the mayfly Baetis rhodani (Pictet) (Ephemeroptera : Baetidae)

The distribution and fine morphology of antennal sensilla of nymphal and adult mayfly, Baetis rhodani (Ephemeroptera : Baetidae), were examined. In the nymph, various kinds of sensilla (chaetica, basiconica, coeloconica and cuticular pits) are differently arranged on the antennal segments, whereas sensilla campaniformia delimit the distal border of the pedicel. A peculiar kind of sensillum basiconicum, named flat-tipped sensillum, is present along the entire antenna, even though in the flagellum it has a regular arrangement between the cuticular lobes that delimit the distal border of each article. In the subimago the scape and pedicel are profusely covered with microtrichia and scattered sensilla trichodea, whereas the flagellum shows cuticular ribs. Sensilla coeloconica are present along the ventral side of the flagellum. In the imago, the antenna is completely decorated with scales among which sensilla trichodea and sensilla coeloconica occasionally occur. As in the nymph, adult mayflies have a ring of sensilla campaniformia along the distal border of the pedicel. When compared with nymphal antennae, those of adults have fewer types of sensilla, presumably in relation to the short, non-feeding terrestrial life.