盐酸阿霉素增强溶瘤腺病毒ZD55-TRAIL抑制肝癌细胞生长的研究

盐酸阿霉素(DOX)作为一种抗肿瘤抗生素,通过抑制癌细胞遗传物质的合成,对多种肿瘤均有杀伤作用,然而,其单独作用疗效有限,且加大剂量时其副作用较强。目前,携带抗癌基因的溶瘤腺病毒在肿瘤治疗中的作用日渐显现,溶瘤腺病毒ZD55-Trail联合DOX治疗肝癌的研究鲜有报道。通过MTT和结晶紫染色试验检测DOX药物处理对肝癌细胞系Bel-7404存活率的变化情况;Hoechst33342染色和流式细胞术检测肝癌细胞的凋亡;Western blot检测Trail蛋白和凋亡相关蛋白的表达;免疫荧光和流式细胞术检测凋亡相关受体表达的情况。结果显示,ZD55-Trail与DOX联合使用能够有效抑制肝癌细胞增长并诱导其凋亡,并且联合处理能增加Trail受体DR4和DR5的表达。初步探讨了DOX与ZD55-Trail两者协同诱导肝癌细胞凋亡的机制,为利用ZD55-Trail与DOX联合治疗肝癌提供依据。     

靶向Wnt信号的溶瘤腺病毒抑制肝癌干细胞研究

肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)是全球第五大癌症并成为癌症死亡的主要原因,传统治疗早期肝癌取得了一定的进展,但是癌症的复发、转移和耐药仍未得到根本解决,这些现象可通过癌症干细胞理论(cancer stem cell,CSC)进行解释.本研究通过悬浮富集培养的方法,获得了MHCC-97H细胞的三维立体球细胞(sphere cell),并检测其干细胞特性,通过删除5型腺病毒的E1A CR2区域24 bp碱基,并用Wnt活性转录元件TCF/TEF调控E1A基因表达,同时插入抗癌基因TSLC1,得到了双靶向溶瘤腺病毒Ad.wnt-E1A(△24 bp)-TSLC1,通过MTT、结晶紫染色实验、Hoechst、细胞划痕、蛋白质印迹技术、Transwell及免疫荧光技术检测重组病毒对肝癌类干细胞的EMT(epithelial-mesenchymal transition)转化、杀伤、凋亡以及迁移的作用.结果表明,悬浮富集培养的MHCC-97H sphere细胞具有自我更新、分化能力、静息性以及耐药性,高表达肝癌干细胞表面标志物(如CD133等),重组病毒处理后表现出明显的杀伤效果及抑制细胞迁移与侵袭的特性,靶向抑制MHCC-97H sphere细胞能力更强(P0.001),且重组病毒能有效诱导肝癌类干细胞通过caspase途径发生凋亡.因此,重组病毒Ad.wnt-E1A(△24 bp)-TSLC1有可能成为靶向肝癌干细胞的治疗药物,具有一定的临床应用前景.     

雷帕霉素联合ZD55-TRAIL病毒对肿瘤抑制及其机制探讨

溶瘤腺病毒的肿瘤靶向性研究一直是一个热点。目前已有商业化的ONYX-015、H101溶瘤腺病毒。在此基础上,科学家又进一步发展形成基因-病毒治疗方案,如文中应用的ZD55-TRAIL病毒。本研究利用刘新垣实验室提供的携带TRAIL(TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand,TNF相关的凋亡诱导配体)的溶瘤腺病毒ZD55-TRAIL联合雷帕霉素杀伤肿瘤     

癌症靶向基因-病毒ZD55-XAF1抗肝癌移植瘤的生长及其安全性研究

目的:探讨溶瘤腺病毒(ZD55-gene)作为载体携带外源抗癌基因(XAF1)抗肝癌移植瘤的生长及其安全性。方法:抽提溶瘤腺病毒ZD55-XAF1的基因组DNA,PCR扩增鉴定病毒;细菌平板培养和支原体检测试剂盒检测细胞有无细菌、支原体污染;通过荷瘤小鼠动物实验,观察溶瘤腺病毒ZD55-XAF1对肝癌移植瘤生长的抑制、小鼠的临床反应指标、血清肝毒性指标、各脏器组织中的病毒残留分布及病理切片观察。结果:细胞培养过程无细菌和支原体污染;较对照组,受试小鼠血清肝酶AST活性上升(P0.05),而ALT和ALP活性基本无变化(P0.05);PCR检测各脏器均有病毒基因组DNA存在;HE染色显示受试小鼠各脏器具有不同程度的损伤,病毒处理对肿瘤细胞具有明显的杀伤效果,而受试小鼠的临床反应并无明显异常。结论:溶瘤腺病毒ZD55-XAF1能够抑制肿瘤生长,杀死肿瘤细胞,对小鼠血清肝酶活性影响较小而对各脏器有不同程度的轻微损伤,作为癌症基因治疗载体有潜在的应用价值但其安全性还有待提高。     

硫利达嗪联合溶瘤腺病毒ZD55-TRAIL对HeLa细胞抑制作用及其机制探讨

靶向基因-病毒治疗方法是近年来产生的一种较为有效的癌症生物治疗方法。但其癌症治疗效果仍需进一步提高。在该研究工作中,通过联合使用临床神经治疗药物硫利达嗪（thior_idazine）与溶瘤腺病毒ZD55-TRAIL来增强对HeLa细胞的杀伤作用。通过MTT实验、倒置显微镜观察、结晶紫染色实验观察了联合使用thioridazine和ZD55-TRAIL对子宫颈癌细胞株HeLa细胞的毒性作用;使用Hoechst33342染色、流式细胞实验和Western blot实验检测了联合使用thioridazine和ZD55-TRAIL在引起HeLa细胞发生凋亡上的作用。结果表明,小分子药物thioridazine与病毒ZD55-TRAIL联合使用可以增强对HeLa细胞的杀伤作用,通过下调抗凋亡蛋白XIAP的水平,更显著地促进HeLa细胞发生凋亡。该研究首次报道了联合使用精神疾病药物thioridazine和ZD55-TRAIL对子宫颈癌细胞HeLa的抑制作用,可能是子宫颈癌治疗的一种有效方法。     

溶瘤腺病毒ZD55-IL24联合雷帕霉素协同抑制Hep3B细胞生长的研究

PI3K/AKT/m TOR信号通路的激活能引发人体细胞发生癌变,哺乳动物靶标m TOR作为PI3K/AKT信号通路下游的一个效应分子,被视为针对肿瘤发生和形成的关键治疗靶点,因此阻断该信号通路的相关靶点可以作为恶性肿瘤治疗的一个策略。白细胞介素24(interleukin 24,IL24)是一个选择性诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的重要抑癌基因。该研究分别利用MTT法和实时无标记细胞功能分析仪检测携带IL24基因的溶瘤腺病毒ZD55-IL24与m TOR抑制剂雷帕霉素(rapamycin)单独或联合作用对多种肝癌细胞的体外杀伤效果;倒置显微镜分别观察ZD55-IL24、雷帕霉素单独作用及两者联合作用引起的细胞形态学变化;Hoechst 33342、流式细胞术和TUNEL染色检测各处理组细胞的凋亡情况;Western blot检测IL24、AKT以及凋亡相关蛋白Bax和Bcl-2的蛋白质水平。结果显示,溶瘤腺病毒ZD55-IL24与雷帕霉素联合作用较两者单独作用更显著地抑制了肝癌细胞Hep3B的生长并诱导了肝癌细胞的凋亡;此外,两者联合作用更有效地上调了肝癌细胞Hep3B中的细胞因子IL24和促凋亡蛋白Bax的表达,同时下调了PI3K/AKT/m TOR信号通路关键蛋白AKT和抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表达。该研究结果表明,雷帕霉素很可能在一定程度上促进了ZD55-IL24病毒介导的IL24表达而增强对肝癌细胞的杀伤作用,进而为肝癌治疗研究提供了一条新型有效的方案。     

双靶向溶瘤腺病毒MD55对肿瘤细胞与正常细胞的杀伤作用比较

应用分子克隆和同源重组技术构建双靶向溶瘤腺病毒MD55.分析MD55病毒在细胞中的复制能力,并用MTT和结晶紫方法检测MD55对肿瘤细胞和正常细胞生长的影响,West-ern印迹检测病毒感染后细胞中E1A蛋白和多聚ADP核糖聚合酶(PARP)片断的表达.结果显示,MD55能在MN/CA9阳性的肿瘤细胞SW620和OSRC-2中特异性表达E1A蛋白.并且在这些细胞中的复制能力和对这些细胞的杀伤性与对照病毒ZD55基本相同,而其在正常细胞中的复制能力很弱,对正常细胞的伤害很小;同时MD55可诱导肿瘤细胞SW620和OSRC-2的凋亡,而对正常细胞的凋亡无影响.实验结果表明双靶向溶瘤腺病毒MD55靶向性和安全性比单靶向病毒ZD55更高,有望成为一种很好的肿瘤靶向基因一病毒治疗载体.     

溶瘤腺病毒CD55-TRAIL-IETD-MnSOD联合阿霉素抑制肝癌细胞HepG2生长

目的:研究溶瘤腺病毒CD55-TRAIL-IETD-MnSOD与阿霉素联合使用对肝癌细胞HepG2生长的影响。方法:MTT法检测经CD55-TRAIL-IETD-MnSOD与阿霉素联合处理后HepG2细胞生存率的变化,Hoechst33342染色及流式细胞术检测联合处理诱导细胞凋亡时细胞形态变化及凋亡细胞数量,Western印迹检测联合处理所引发的凋亡通路。结果:MTT实验显示,联合使用CD55-TRAIL-IETD-MnSOD和阿霉素能更有效地抑制HepG2细胞的生长,且阿霉素与CD55-TRAIL-IETD-MnSOD是协同作用;Hochest染色实验和流式细胞术实验结果均显示联合使用CD55-TRAIL-IETD-MnSOD和阿霉素增强了诱导细胞凋亡的作用;Western印迹表明CD55-TRAIL-IETD-MnSOD和阿霉素联合使用激活了Caspase细胞凋亡途径。结论:阿霉素能促进溶瘤腺病毒CD55-TRAIL-IETD-MnSOD的复制,联合阿霉素和溶瘤腺病毒CD55-TRAIL-IETD-MnSOD可更有效激活Caspase细胞凋亡通路,抑制肝癌细胞HepG2生长。     

一株新发现新城疫病毒体外高效杀伤肝癌细胞作用机制初探

目的:与NDV疫苗株LaSota对比研究一株NDV D817株对肝癌细胞高效特异性的杀伤效应和作用机制,进一步筛选NDV溶瘤毒株.方法:用MTT法对比病毒对三株传代肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721、Bel-7404和HepG-2及一株正常肝细胞株HL-7702的杀伤效应,并用TUNNL法及透射电镜观察病毒诱导肿瘤细胞发生凋亡作用.结果:NDV D817株对肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721、Bel-7404和HepG-2杀伤效应高达80%,显著高于疫苗LaSota株(P<0.01),而对人正常肝细胞HL-7702无明显影响;病毒在肝癌细胞中明显复制增殖,对细胞的杀伤活性与病毒作用剂量和病毒作用时间成正比;NDV D817株有效诱导肝癌细胞发生凋亡.结论:NDV D817株有效诱导肝癌细胞发生凋亡,对SMMC-7721、Bel-7404和HepG-2细胞具有高效杀伤性,而对正常肝细胞HL-7702未见明显影响.推测为溶瘤株.     

携带TSLC1基因的双靶向溶瘤腺病毒联合阿霉素对SMMC-7721肝癌细胞的杀伤作用

研究携带TSLC1基因的溶瘤腺病毒(Ad.sp-E1A(24)-TSLC1)联合化疗药物阿霉素(adriamycin,ADM)对SMMC-7721肝癌细胞的体外杀伤作用。实时定量PCR检测TSLC1在不同肝细胞中的表达情况;用荧光显微镜观察阿霉素、Ad.sp-E1A(24)-TSLC1单独作用和两者联合作用的细胞形态学的变化;采用MTT法、结晶紫染色、Hoechst33342染色检测各处理组细胞的存活率和凋亡水平情况;通过Western blot检测TSLC1和E1A蛋白水平的表达。结果表明,联合应用Ad.sp-E1A(24)-TSLC1和阿霉素的细胞凋亡现象比单独作用的效果显著,表明阿霉素能够增强携带TSLC1基因的溶瘤腺病毒对肝癌细胞SMMC-7721的杀伤作用,为肝癌治疗的临床应用奠定一定基础。     

Targeting lung cancer stem‐like cells with TRAIL gene armed oncolytic adenovirus

Lung cancer stem cell (LCSC) is critical in cancer initiation, progression, drug resistance and relapse. Disadvantages showed in conventional lung cancer therapy probably because of its existence. In this study, lung cancer cell line A549 cells propagated as spheroid bodies (named as A549 sphere cells) in growth factors‐defined serum‐free medium. A549 sphere cells displayed CSC properties, including chemo‐resistance, increased proportion of G0/G1 cells, slower proliferation rate, ability of differentiation and enhanced tumour formation ability in vivo. Oncolytic adenovirus ZD55 carrying EGFP gene, ZD55‐EGFP, infected A549 sphere cells and inhibited cell growth. Tumour necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) armed oncolytic adenovirus, ZD55‐TRAIL, exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity and induced A549 sphere cells apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway. Moreover, small molecules embelin, LY294002 and resveratrol improved the cytotoxicity of ZD55‐TRAIL. In the A549 sphere cells xenograft models, ZD55‐TRAIL significantly inhibited tumour growth and improved survival status of mice. These results suggested that gene armed oncolytic adenovirus is a potential approach for lung cancer therapy through targeting LCSCs.     

Cancer targeting gene-viro-therapy for pancreatic cancer using oncolytic adenovirus ZD55-IL-24 in immune-competent mice

Cancer targeting gene-viro-therapy (CTGVT) may prove to be an effective treatment for pancreatic cancer (PC). This study was intended to explore the anti-tumor effect of ZD55-IL-24 (oncolytic adenovirus ZD55 harboring IL-24) on PC in immune-competent mice. The expression of gene harbored by oncolytic adenovirus ZD55 in PC cells was detected by reporter-gene assays. The in vitro anti PC ability of ZD55-IL-24 was tested by MTT, crystal violet staining and apoptosis assays. The in vivo anti PC effect of ZD55-IL-24 was further observed in an immune-competent mice model by detecting anti-tumor immunity and induction of apoptosis. The expression of gene harbored by ZD55 in PC cells was significantly higher than that harbored by the replicated-deficient adenovirus, and the amount of gene expression was time-dependent and dose-dependent. Both ZD55-IL-24 and ZD55 inhibited PC cells growth, but the anti-tumor effect of ZD55-IL-24 was significantly stronger than that of ZD55, and the ability of ZD55-IL-24 in inducing PC apoptosis was significantly stronger than that of ZD55. The tumor-forming rate of group ZD55-IL-24 was the lowest, and the tumor-growing rate was also significantly lower than that of group ZD55 in immune-competent PC models. Moreover, ZD55-IL-24 mediated more anti-cancer immunity effects by induction of stronger T-lymphocytes response to PC cells, higher levels of γ-IFN and IL-6 cytokines. ZD55-IL-24-mediated CTGVT could inhibit PC growth not only by inducing oncolysis and apoptosis but enhancing the anti-cancer immune effects by inducing T cell response to PC and up-regulating γ-IFN and IL-6 cytokine in immune-competent mice. This may serve as a candidate therapeutic approach for the treatment of PC.     

氢分子对肝癌细胞Huh7的影响

氢分子对癌症等疾病具有良好的治疗或改善效果,并且获得简单、使用简便且无副作用。为了明确氢分子对肝癌细胞Huh7的影响,从细胞活性、细胞周期和凋亡、细胞成瘤能力、细胞迁移侵袭等方面研究了氢分子对肝癌细胞Huh7的作用效果。细胞活性检测(CCK-8法)结果表明,氢分子对Huh7细胞活性具有明显的抑制效果。细胞成瘤能力实验中,克隆球实验显示,含氢培养基组(H)细胞成球数目有所减少,同时克隆球直径大小显著降低(P<0.0001);平板克隆实验显示,H组细胞克隆的数量也显著减少(P<0.001),说明氢分子可以抑制Huh7细胞的干性。氢分子对Huh7细胞周期的影响也较为明显,且具有促凋亡的作用和抑制细胞迁移与浸润的效果。同时,氢分子对细胞内中间丝波形蛋白的表达也具有抑制作用。研究表明,氢分子降低了Huh7细胞的活性和增殖能力,减弱了Huh7细胞的干性,同时抑制了细胞侵袭及迁移的能力,降低了细胞波形蛋白的表达,为氢分子用于肝癌防治提供了一定的实验基础。     

Interferon-β-armed oncolytic adenovirus induces both apoptosis and necroptosis in cancer cells

Interferon-β (IFN-β) has been widely used in cancer therapy, but the clinical trial results are generally disappointing. Our previous studies have shown that an oncolytic adenovirus carrying IFN-β (ZD55-IFN-β) exhibits significant anti-tumor activities. However, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. Here we showed that ZD55-IFN-β infection-induced S-phase cell cycle arrest in a p53-dependent manner by activating the ataxia telangiectasia mutated-dependent DNA damage pathway. In addition, ZD55-IFN-β infection could initiate both caspase-dependent apoptosis and necroptosis in cancer cells. More importantly, ZD55-IFN-β showed a synergistic effect on cancer cells when combined with doxorubicin. These results suggest that the combination of ZD55-IFN-β with doxorubicin may represent a promising clinical strategy in cancer therapy.     

Synergistic antitumor effect of TRAIL and IL-24 with complete eradication of hepatoma in the CTGVT-DG strategy

The ZD55-tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and ZD55-interleukin (IL)-24 were constructed by inserting TRAIL or IL-24 gene separately into the oncolytic adenovirus named ZD55 (with adenovirus E1B-55kD deletion). The resulting ZD55-TRAIL and ZD55-IL-24 were used in combination to treat xenograft tumors in nude mice model. The results showed that it can not only completely eliminate BEL7404 hepatoma xenograft but also have excellent antitumor effect against gaster, lung, prostate, and breast carcinomas. It was also found that ZD55-TRAIL could not only suppress the tumor growth promoting effect by ZD55-IL-24 at lower dosage, but also substantially reduce the cancer cell viability in their combined use. This is because ZD55-IL-24 and ZD55-TRAIL could mutually enhance each other's antitumor effect greatly. All these findings conspicuously showed the synergistic antitumor effect of TRAIL and IL-24, which is also the reason for the antitumor effect by the combined use of TRAIL and IL-24 in vitro and also in vivo.     

Increased suppression of oncolytic adenovirus carrying mutant k5 on colorectal tumor

Angiogenesis plays a key role in the development of a wide variety of malignant tumors. The approach of targeting antiangiogenesis has become an important field of cancer gene therapy. In this study, the antiangiogenesis protein K5 (the kringle 5 of human plasminogen) has been mutated by changing leucine71 to arginine to form mK5. Then the ZD55-mK5, which is an oncolytic adenovirus expressing mK5, was constructed. It showed stronger inhibition on proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cell. Moreover, in tube formation and embryonic chorioallantoic membrane assay, ZD55-mK5 exhibited more effective antiangiogenesis than ZD55-K5. In addition, ZD55-mK5 generated obvious suppression on the growth of colorectal tumor xenografts and prolonged the life span of nude mice. These results indicate that ZD55-mK5 is a potent agent for inhibiting the tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth.     

The effect of ZD1839 (Iressa), an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in combination with cisplatin, on apoptosis in SCC-15 cells

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ZD1839 on growth and apoptosis in SCC-15 (a human head and neck cancer cell line) lone, or in combination with cisplatin. High expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor has been implicated in the development of squamous cell carcinomas of head and neck. ZD1839 ('Iressa') is an orally active, selective epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that blocks signal transduction pathways implicated in proliferation and survival of cancer cells, and other host-dependent processes promoting cancer growth. Here, growth arrest was observed with 3.64 microm ZD1839. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (sMTT) viability assay revealed a significant decrease (P < 0.001) in the percentage of surviving cells upon treatment with ZD1839 and cisplatin compared with cisplatin or ZD1839 on their own. Combined therapy of 3.64 microm ZD1839 for 24 h, prior to administration of 100 microm cisplatin, significantly (P < 0.001) and additively increased the cytotoxicity effect of cisplatin. p53-independent apoptosis was seen with cisplatin treatment, a novel finding. These data support the use of ZD1839 in anti-cancer therapy, and particularly in combination therapy. Cisplatin may induce p53-independent apoptosis. Over-expression of Bcl-2 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tumour cell lines is unlikely to be a general mechanism to protect these cells from apoptosis.