岩黄连细胞生长与营养物质消耗的动态学研究

在岩黄连细胞悬浮培养过程中,对培养液pH值,碳源、氮源和磷酸盐含量,以及细胞生物量和生物碱含量进行测定,分析其动态变化过程。结果显示培养液pH值在培养初期降低,后逐渐升高;碳源在培养过程中逐渐被利用,磷酸盐和氮源在培养中期几乎耗尽,其中磷酸盐的消耗速率最快;悬浮细胞的生长周期为20 d左右,第18天细胞鲜重和干重达最大,而第21天脱氢卡维丁和小檗碱的含量最高,分别为8.22mg/L和4.31mg/L。结果表明营养物质(碳、氮和磷)的吸收与细胞生长以及生物碱的合成密切相关,营养元素的相对消耗速率为磷>氮>碳,推测氮和磷是影响岩黄连细胞培养的主要因素。     

不同因素对岩黄连悬浮细胞生长的影响

目的:建立一个快速生长的岩黄连悬浮细胞培养体系。方法:研究了接种量、基本培养基、初始pH值、不同碳源对岩黄连悬浮细胞生长的影响。结果:合适的接种量是7.5~10%(FW),接种量过少会抑制细胞生长;B5和MS基本培养基均适合岩黄连细胞的生长;最佳初始培养基pH值为6.0,此时获得的细胞生物量最高;岩黄连悬浮细胞培养的生长周期为24d,最大生物量出现在第18d,达到14.1g/l(DW);蔗糖比葡萄糖更有利于岩黄连细胞的生长,添加60g/l蔗糖所获得的生物量最高,达到18.5g/l(DW)。     

胀果甘草悬浮培养细胞合成甘草总黄酮

比较了胀果甘草(Glycyrrhiza inflata)悬浮细胞在逐级放大摇瓶中的生长、黄酮产量以及营养消耗过程,以便了解其放大规律。结果表明,在250和500mL摇瓶中,细胞的最大生物量、黄酮产量以及最大比生长速率没有显著性差异,但是在1L的摇瓶中,这三种参数都显著地降低,分别比250mL摇瓶中降低了27%,30%和27%。在逐级放大的摇瓶中,氮、磷、铵浓度都随着培养时间延长而逐渐降低,尽管在1L的摇瓶中磷消耗得最慢,但三种摇瓶中磷在细胞生长对数期基本都被消耗尽了。此外,硝态氮在第18天时基本被消耗完,而铵态氮在细胞收获时仍能维持在100mg/L。因此在反应器中培养时,主要的培养条件还需进一步优化。     

藏红花细胞悬浮培养体系的建立及优化

基于诱导的藏红花细胞系,通过摇瓶法,优化了其液体培养基、接种量和种龄等培养条件,以建立藏红花细胞悬浮培养体系。结果表明,将生长在固体培养基上的藏红花愈伤组织接种在MS液体培养基(添加了2mg/L2,4-D,1mg/L6-BA和300mg/LCH)中,于(22±0.3)℃,120r/min的摇床上,暗培养30d,便可获得藏红花的悬浮细胞系。经优化其培养基、接种量和种龄,将种龄为20d的细胞系,按照5%接种量接种在液体B5培养基(添加了2mg/LNAA,1mg/L6-BA和300mg/LCH)中,于(22±0.3)℃,120r/min的摇床上,培养36d,细胞生物量(13.4g/L)和藏红花素产量(0.91g/L)均达到最高。本研究建立的藏红花细胞悬浮培养体系为其生物反应器放大培养奠定了基础。     

灵芝液体浅层静置培养高效生产三萜的研究

三萜是灵芝Ganoderma lingzhi中重要的活性物质。本研究采用液体浅层静置培养方式（LSSC）提高灵芝三萜的产量。结果表明,在T25细胞培养瓶中的最佳培养条件为初始培养体积2mL,接种量7.0g （菌体湿重/L）,在48h补加2mL培养液,发酵7d,三萜产量可达(32.95±0.51)mg/g,为摇瓶培养最高产量的2.09倍。进一步经不锈钢平盘放大研究发现,三萜最高产量为(65.91±0.84)mg/g,为摇瓶培养的4.19倍。形态学研究表明,浅层静置培养过程中形成的气生菌丝是提高三萜产量的关键因素。与深层液体发酵相比,液体浅层静置培养具有生长快,三萜产量高,发酵过程不需要搅拌等优点,具有良好的工业化应用前景。     

藏红花细胞悬浮培养动力学研究

基于已经建立的藏红花细胞悬浮培养体系,研究了其悬浮培养动力学.结果表明,悬浮培养时细胞的生长周期约为20 d,在20 d时生物量达到最大,为12.3 g DW/L,但是藏红花素的合成周期大约为28 d,在28 d时藏红花素的含量和产量达到最大,分别为95.8 mg/g和0.92 g/L.藏红花素的积累与细胞的生长之间的关系为半生长偶联型,为其生物反应器放大培养提供了参数等理论依据.     

均匀设计法优化发菜细胞悬浮培养条件

通过摇瓶发酵实验研究了培养温度、光照强度等培养条件对发菜细胞悬浮培养生物量和代谢产物发菜多糖累积的影响,通过均匀设计试验对培养条件进行了优化。结果表明:在培养温度24℃、培养基初始pH8.0、光照强度60μmol/(m2.s)、转速150r/min的条件下培养20d,发菜细胞生物量(细胞质量浓度)达到1.34g/L,胞外多糖产量达到208.32mg/L;与优化前相比,发菜细胞生物量和胞外多糖产量分别提高27.3%、111.17%。     

补料培养与溶氧控制联合应用对红豆杉细胞培养的影响

为进一步提高红豆杉 (Taxuschinensis (Pilg.)Rehd .)细胞培养过程中紫杉醇的产量 ,采用细胞悬浮培养方法研究了补料培养与溶氧控制联合应用对紫杉醇产量的影响。 5L反应器中补料培养研究表明 ,培养过程中第 16天添加含 2 0g/L蔗糖的补料培养液有利于细胞的生长及紫杉醇的合成。 2 0L反应器中补料培养的研究结果表明 :2 0 %饱和度培养时紫杉醇含量最高 (0 .98mg/gDW) ,但 4 0 %～ 6 0 %溶氧饱和度能提高紫杉醇的产量。进一步研究表明 ,细胞在 6 0 %溶氧饱和度培养 2 0d后转入 2 0 %溶氧饱和度继续培养 12d ,能显著提高紫杉醇产量。补料培养与溶氧控制联合应用时 ,2 0L反应器中红豆杉细胞培养紫杉醇产量可达 18.7mg/L。     

补料培养与溶氧控制联合应用对红豆杉细胞培养的影响

为进一步提高红豆杉(Taxus chinensis (Pilg.) Rehd.)细胞培养过程中紫杉醇的产量,采用细胞悬浮培养方法研究了补料培养与溶氧控制联合应用对紫杉醇产量的影响.5 L反应器中补料培养研究表明,培养过程中第16天添加含20 g/L蔗糖的补料培养液有利于细胞的生长及紫杉醇的合成.20 L反应器中补料培养的研究结果表明:20%饱和度培养时紫杉醇含量最高(0.98 mg/g DW),但40%～60%溶氧饱和度能提高紫杉醇的产量.进一步研究表明,细胞在60%溶氧饱和度培养20 d后转入20%溶氧饱和度继续培养12 d,能显著提高紫杉醇产量.补料培养与溶氧控制联合应用时,20 L反应器中红豆杉细胞培养紫杉醇产量可达18.7 mg/L.     

珍稀药用真菌——樟芝深层发酵培养条件的优化

对樟芝深层发酵培养基进行了筛选,并在此基础上对发酵条件进行了优化。以樟芝深层发酵菌丝体三萜产量为主要目标产物,确定发酵培养条件为:40g/L葡萄糖,6g/L豆饼粉,1g/L K_2HPO_4,0．5g/L MgSO4,VB_1 100mg/L,自然pH,接种量为20%,装液量为100mL/250mL三角瓶,转速100r/min,26℃恒温培养6d,胞内三萜产量达15．25mg/100mL发酵液。     

Effect of culture process on alkaloid production by Catharanthus roseus cells. I. Suspension cultures.

The processes for production of indole alkaloids in shake flask suspension cultures of Catharanthus roseus cells using Zenk's alkaloid production medium (APM) were evaluated. The 1-stage process consisted of inoculating APM and incubating for 15 days. The 2-stage process involved 6 d of cultivation in growth medium followed by 15 d of incubation in APM. Growth, main nutrient consumption and alkaloid production were monitored. Both culture processes produced approximately 20 g dw per 1 biomass. However, 2-stage cultures yielded an inorganic nutrient richer and more active plant cell biomass, richer in inorganic nutrients, as indicated by higher (greater than 70%) nutrient availability and consumption. Total and individual indole alkaloid production were 10 times higher (740 mg l-1 and 25 to 4000 micrograms per g dw, respectively) for 2-stage than for 1-stage cultures. For both processes, highest alkaloid productivity coincided with complete extracellular consumption of major inorganic nutrients, especially nitrate, by the cells. Complete carbohydrate consumption in 2-stage cultures resulted in a 40% decline in production. Small but significant (approximately 10%) product release was observed for both culture regimes, which seemed not to be related to cell lysis.     

红豆杉悬浮细胞放大培养的细胞生长与紫杉醇合成动力学

研究了在Murashige&skoog s(MS)和 6 2号两种不同的培养基中 ,红豆杉细胞悬浮细胞从摇瓶到 1 0L机械通气搅拌式反应器放大培养过程中细胞生长与紫杉醇合成动力学 .结果表明 :尽管在不同的培养条件下 ,细胞生长曲线均呈现“S”型 .紫杉醇在延迟期与指数生长期中基本上没有积累 ,而且随着培养规模的增大 ,紫杉醇的含量逐渐降低 .进一步对各级放大培养的细胞生长 ,比生长率与胞内外紫杉醇合成量进行分析 ,发现MS利于细胞生长但不利于紫杉醇合成 ,而 6 2号则相反 .根据此文的结果 ,提出了红豆杉细胞培养条件的优化和大规模细胞培养生产紫杉醇应采取的策略     

Alkaloid production in Vernonia cinerea: Callus, cell suspension and root cultures

Fast-growing callus, cell suspension and root cultures of Vernonia cinerea, a medicinal plant, were analyzed for the presence of alkaloids. Callus and root cultures were established from young leaf explants in Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal media supplemented with combinations of auxins and cytokinins, whereas cell suspension cultures were established from callus cultures. Maximum biomass of callus, cell suspension and root cultures were obtained in the medium supplemented with 1 mg/L alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 5 mg/L benzylaminopurine (BA), 1.0 mg/L NAA and 0.1 mg/L BA and 1.5 mg/L NAA, respectively. The 5-week-old callus cultures resulted in maximum biomass and alkaloid contents (750 microg/g). Cell suspension growth and alkaloid contents were maximal in 20-day-old cultures and alkaloid contents were 1.15 mg/g. A 0.2-g sample of root tissue regenerated in semi-solid medium upon transfer to liquid MS medium containing 1.5 mg/L NAA regenerated a maximum increase in biomass of 6.3-fold over a period of 5 weeks. The highest root growth and alkaloid contents of 2 mg/g dry weight were obtained in 5-week-old cultures. Maximum alkaloid contents were obtained in root cultures in vitro compared to all others including the alkaloid content of in vivo obtained with aerial parts and roots (800 microg/g and 1.2 mg/g dry weight, respectively) of V. cinerea.     

Comparison of Cell Growth and Alkaloid Production of Catharanthus roseus Cells Cultured in Shake Flask and in Bioreactor

The cell growth and alkaloid production of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don cells cultured in the shake flasks with different volumes and in the stirred tank bioreactor (10 L) were compared. Cell dry weight and alkaloid production showed no significant difference in the small volume scale-up shake flasks. When more broths were added to a certain volume in the shake flask, both cell weight and alkaloid production were decreased. The maximum cell dry weight was similar between the cell cultures in the shake flask and the bioreactor, but the alkaloid production of cells was much less in the bioreactor. Gas regime and shear stress were recognized to be the main factors contributing the important effect on alkaloid production during the scale-up processes.     

Establishment of callus and cell suspension cultures of Corydalis saxicola Bunting, a rare medicinal plant

An efficient procedure has been developed for callus induction and cell suspension cultures of C. saxicola for the first time. Explant selection was carried out among leaf, stem and root to select a suitable type of explants capable of higher callus formation. Leaf explants thus selected showed maximum response to callus induction (67.1%). Modified B5 medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l(-1) 2,4-D plus 2 mg l(-1) BA was the most favorable medium for callus formation with the highest induction rate (94.8%) and greatest fresh weight of callus (1.7 g per explant). Cell suspension cultures were established by transferring 2-8 g fresh callus to 80 ml liquid B5 medium. An inoculum size of 8 g produced the greatest biomass accumulation, dehydrocavidine and berberine productions, which was 13.1 g l(-1), 8.0 mg l(-1) and 4.1 mg l(-1), respectively. In response to various sucrose concentrations from 10 g l(-1) to 80 g l(-1), cultures with 60 g sucrose l(-1) not only produced the highest dry biomass (18.5 g l(-1)) but also the highest formation of dehydrocavidine (11.6 mg l(-1)) and berberine (7.6 mg l(-1)). These prepared cell suspension cultures provided a useful material for further regulation of alkaloid biosynthesis and for enhanced production of valuable alkaloids on a large scale.     

Lipid production and composition of fatty acids in Chlorella vulgaris cultured using different methods: photoautotrophic,heterotrophic, and pure and mixed conditions

This study investigated the biomass, lipid production, fatty acid content, and other nutrients present in microorganisms by using four culture methods: (1) photoautotrophic pure Chlorella vulgaris cultures (PP); (2) heterotrophic pure C. vulgaris cultures (PH); (3) mixed cultures of Rhodotorula glutinis and C. vulgaris under photoautotrophic conditions (MP); and (4) heterotrophic mixed cultures (MH). The microorganisms in MP culture showed the optimum growth condition and lipid production. Among the cultures, MP yielded the highest number of cells and biomass (5.9?×?10⁵ cells/mL and 0.523 g/L, respectively). Furthermore, lipid production in MP culture was 114.22 mg/L, which is 136 % higher than that in MH culture (48.22 mg/L). Considering the higher contents of palmitic acid (C16:0) at 24.65 %, oleic acid (C18:1) at 56.34 %, and protein at 42.39 g/100 g in the MP culture than in other cultures, we proposed that MP could be used effectively to support the growth of microorganisms. This method could also be used as a potential approach for biodiesel production.     

制备可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体II－脂联素球部融合蛋白的两种细胞培养工艺比较

利用7.5 L生物反应器篮式贴壁培养和全悬浮批式培养CHO工程细胞株表达可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体Ⅱ-脂联素球部(sTNFRⅡ-gAD)融合蛋白,比较这两种培养方法的产率,以便优化高效表达sTNFRⅡ-gAD融合蛋白的制备工艺.篮式贴壁培养首先小规模培养CHO工程细胞株,待细胞增殖到一定密度后以3× 105～4× 105 cells/mL密度接种生物反应器贴壁培养3d,调换成不含血清的LK021培养基继续培养4d.而全悬浮无血清批式培养则以3×105～4×105 cells/mL密度的CHO工程细胞株接种于生物反应器,连续培养7d.培养过程实时监测培养条件,维持pH和DO的稳定.分别收集细胞上清,离心去细胞后用Pellicon切相流超滤系统对蛋白进行浓缩,并通过DEAE离子交换柱进行纯化.结果显示,篮式贴壁培养和全悬浮批式培养均成功表达了sTNFRⅡ-gAD融合蛋白,产量分别为8.0 mg/L和7.5 mg/L、纯度分别为95％和98％,从而为sTNFRⅡ-gAD融合蛋白的中试工艺研究提供了一定的基础.     

Scale-up of a liquid static culture process for hyperproduction of ganoderic acid by the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum

Scale-up of a liquid static culture process was studied for hyperproduction of ganoderic acid (GA) by a famous Chinese traditional medicinal mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum. Initial volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (K(L)a) and area of liquid surface per liquid volume (A(s)) were identified as key factors affecting cell growth and GA accumulation in liquid static cultures of G. lucidum, on the basis of which a multilayer static bioreactor was designed. At a low initial K(L)a level of 2.1 h(-1), a thick layer of white mycelia was formed on the liquid surface, and an optimal production of total GA (i.e., GA production in the liquid and on the liquid surface) was obtained. Both the formation of white mycelia and production of GA on the liquid surface were enhanced with an increase of A(s) within the range as investigated (0.24-1.53 cm(2)/mL). At an A(s) value of 0.90 cm(2)/mL, the total GA production reached maximum. A successful scale-up from a 20-mL static T-flask to a 7.5-L three-layer static bioreactor was achieved based on initial K(L)a. The maximum biomass (20.8 +/- 0.1 g DW/L), GA content (4.96 +/- 0.13 mg/100 mg DW), and total GA production (976 +/- 35 mg/L) were attained in static bioreactors. Not only GA content but also its production obtained in this work were the highest ever reported.