右美托咪定联合舒芬太尼用于脊柱手术患者术后镇痛的疗效评价

目的:探讨右美托咪定联合舒芬太尼对脊柱手术患者术后镇痛效果的影响。方法:选择2013年1月至2016年8月在我院行脊柱手术的患者70例,随机分为两组,每组35例。对照组患者术后静脉注入舒芬太尼3μg/kg·h镇痛,观察组患者静脉注入右美托咪定1.5μg/kg·h联合1.5μg/kg·h舒芬太尼。分别记录患者术后6 h,12 h,24 h以及48 h的VAS评分、Ramsay评分、MAP、HR以及SpO_2等生命指征;记录患者术后苏醒期10 min,20 min,30 min以及60 min的RSAS躁动评分;同时记录患者术后48 h不良反应发生的情况。结果:监护仪监护两组患者围手术期的相关生命指征,统计分析结果显示两组患者术后HR,MAP以及SpO_2等指征没有明显的差异(P0.05);比较两组患者结束手术苏醒期的躁动情况,RSAS躁动评分显示实验组患者术后30 min之后较对照组相对安静,没有较明显的躁动行为(P0.05);实验组患者术后的VAS疼痛评分明显低于对照组(P0.05);比较两组患者的Ramsay评分发现实验组患者术后镇静程度显著优于对照组(P0.05);两组患者术后0-24 h使用镇痛泵的有效按压次数存在差异(P0.05);实验组患者术后48 h发生恶心呕吐和寒颤的不良反应发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:右美托咪定联合舒芬太尼用于脊柱手术术后镇痛可以显著改善患者镇静状态,降低患者术后发生不良反应的发生率,值得临床上进一步推广应用。     

喉上神经阻滞复合瑞芬太尼和右美托咪定用于经皮气管切开术的临床效果

目的:探讨喉上神经阻滞复合瑞芬太尼和右美托咪定应用于经皮气管切开术(PT)的临床效果。方法:将60例因呼吸困难行PT的患者随机分为两组。所有患者均喉上神经阻滞,对照组(30例)采用丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼,实验组(30例)采用右美托咪定复合瑞芬太尼。观察并比较两组患者术前(T1)、麻醉药物注射结束后(T2)、气管切开置入套管时(T3)、手术结束时(T4)收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(SpO_2)及平均动脉压(MAP)、警觉/镇静(OAA/S)评分的变化及术中并发症的发生情况。结果:对照组T3、T4时刻SBP、DBP、HR、MAP均较T1时明显升高,且明显高于实验组同时点(P0.05),而实验组T2、T3、T4时SBP、DBP、HR、MAP与T1时刻比较差异无明显统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组术中呛咳、呼吸抑制的发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。两组T2～T4时刻OAA/S评分均明显低于T1时刻,且实验组OAA/S评分均明显低于对照组同时刻(P0.05)。结论:喉上神经阻滞复合右美托咪啶和瑞舒芬太尼应用于PT中可维持血流动力学的稳定,减少应激反应,降低术中并发症的发生率。     

地佐辛联合小剂量右美托咪定辅助全身麻醉对功能性鼻内镜鼻窦手术患者氧化应激水平和炎性因子的影响

目的:观察地佐辛联合小剂量右美托咪定辅助全身麻醉对功能性鼻内镜鼻窦手术患者氧化应激水平和炎性因子的影响。方法:选取2013年6月到2018年6月期间于我院接受功能性鼻内镜鼻窦手术的患者130例,根据信封抽签法将患者分为对照组(n=65,单纯全身麻醉)和实验组(n=65,地佐辛联合小剂量右美托咪定辅助全身麻醉),对比两组血流动力学、氧化应激和炎性因子水平,记录两组苏醒期躁动情况及呛咳发生率。结果:两组插管前(T1)~拔管后5 min(T4)心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)呈升高后降低趋势,血氧饱和度(SpO2)呈降低后升高趋势(P<0.05),且实验组HR、MAP低于对照组,SpO2高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组术后1d、术后3d超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)较术前升高,且实验组高于对照组(P<0.05);丙二醛(MDA)较术前降低,且实验组低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组术后1d、术后3d白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、C反应蛋白(CRP)呈降低趋势,且实验组低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组拔管时~拔管后10 min Riker镇静躁动评分(SAS)评分呈降低趋势,且实验组低于对照组(P<0.05)。实验组的呛咳发生率较对照组低(P<0.05)。结论:地佐辛联合小剂量右美托咪定辅助全身麻醉用于功能性鼻内镜鼻窦手术患者,减少苏醒期躁动,预防呛咳发生,使血流动力学维持平稳,减轻机体氧化应激反应和炎性应激反应。     

右美托咪定与咪达唑仑对前列腺电切术患者术后认知功能的影响

目的:分析右美托咪定与咪达唑仑对前列腺电切术(TURP)患者认知功能的影响。方法:选择2013年5月-2015年5月在我院接受TURP治疗的良性前列腺增生患者73例作为研究对象。根据麻醉方法不同,将所选患者分为右美托咪定组和咪达唑仑组,分别采用右美托咪定和咪达唑仑麻醉。观察并比较不同时间点两组患者的心率(HR)及平均动脉压(MAP)的变化情况。应用精神状态量表(MMSE)评估两组患者手术前后的认知功能。结果:两组患者术前HR及MAP比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者手术不同时间点HR、MAP均显著低于术前,且右美托咪定组低于咪达唑仑组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者术前MMSE评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者术后MMSE评分均低于术前,且右美托咪定组低于咪达唑仑组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);右美托咪定组术中寒战发生率显著低于咪达唑仑组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:右美托咪定与咪达唑仑对TURP患者均会造成早期认知功能障碍,但右美托咪定的影响较小,患者生命体征较平稳,值得临床推广应用。     

盐酸右美托咪定联合瑞芬太尼在骨科手术中的镇静效果及对患者血流动力学和呼吸功能的影响

目的:探讨盐酸右美托咪定联合瑞芬太尼在骨科手术中的镇静效果及对患者血流动力学和呼吸功能的影响。方法:选择2016年3月至2017年5月在我院186例行骨科手术的患者,根据数表法随机分为对照组(93例)和观察组(93例),对照组采用丙泊酚联合瑞芬太尼进行麻醉,观察组采用盐酸右美托咪定联合瑞芬太尼进行麻醉,比较两组用药前(T_1)、联合用药后10 min(T_2)、联合用药后20 min(T_3)、联合用药后30 min(T_4)和患者清醒后(T_5)等时间点的镇静效果以及血流动力学和呼吸功能指标变化,并比较两组不良反应发生率。结果:T_3、T_4时间点两组警觉/镇静(OAA/S)评分低于组内其他时间点,且观察组OAA/S评分低于对照组(P0.05)。两组T_1、T_5时间点呼吸频率(RR)、血氧饱和度(SpO_2)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);在T_2、T_3、T_4时间点观察组RR、SpO_2高于对照组(P0.05);T_3、T_4时间点两组的RR水平均低于组内其他时间点(P0.05)。两组各时间点平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组呼吸抑制、呼吸道梗塞和恶心呕吐的发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:盐酸右美托咪定联合瑞芬太尼在骨科手术中镇静效果良好,对患者血流动力学的影响较小,呼吸抑制程度轻,安全性好。     

右美托咪定对腰硬联合麻醉下子宫肌瘤切除术患者术中的镇静效果及综合评价

目的:评价右美托咪定对硬腰联合麻醉下子宫肌瘤切除手术患者术中的镇静效果的影响。方法:选择2013年1月至2016年8月在我院行子宫肌瘤切除术的患者60例,随机分为两组,每组30例。对照组患者静脉注入丙泊酚60μg/kg·h,观察组患者静脉注入右美托咪定0.4μg/kg·h。分别记录患者术前、术中30 min以及术后的Ramsay评分、BIS评分、MAP、HR以及Sp O2等生命指征和术后不良反应发生的情况。结果:实验组患者术中30 min的镇静效果优于对照组,其中Ramsay评分显著高于对照组(P0.05),且BIS评分显著低于对照组(P0.05)。实验组患者术中30 min HR显著低于对照组(P0.05),但是两组之间MAP以及Sp O2却没有明显差异(P0.05)。比较两组患者术后不良反应发生的情况发现两者差异没有明显的统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:右美托咪定在硬腰联合麻醉下子宫肌瘤切除术患者术中可以显著改善镇静作用,值得临床上进一步推广应用。     

右美托咪定预防胃癌根治术病人术后躁动的临床观察

目的:研究右美托咪定用于全麻下行胃癌根治术后躁动的镇静效果.方法:选择60例因胃癌需行全胃癌根治术的病人随机分为右美托嘧定组(D组)和安慰剂组(C组),每组30例.患者选用静脉复合全身麻醉,D组于术毕前半小时泵注右美托嘧定0.6μg/kg,10分钟泵完.C组以同样方式泵注生理盐水.术毕待患者呼吸恢复,清醒拔管.监测记录患者入室后(T0),拔管前(T1),拔管时(T2),拔管后5 min(T3)、拔管后15 min(T4)时的术中心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP),记录手术结束至拔管的时间,观察患者手术后躁动的次数和程度.结果:①两组患者性别、年龄、体质量、手术时间无显著差异.②C组T1,T2,T3,时间点MAP、HR值与T0比较有明显差异(P＜0.05).D组各时间点较T0无明显变化,D组HR,MAP较C组明显降低(P＜0.05),③D组的拔管时间较C组长(P＜0.05).D组的躁动发生率明显低于C组(P＜0.05).结论:术毕前半小时泵注右美托咪定(10分钟泵完)可显著减少手术后躁动的发生,减少手术后呼吸抑制发生的可能性,保障了患者术后的安全.     

不同浓度右美托咪定对低血红蛋白全麻患者脑氧饱和度的影响

目的:探讨不同浓度右美托咪定(Dex)对低血红蛋白全麻患者脑氧饱和度(rSO_2)的影响。方法:选取行择期全麻开腹妇科手术、血红蛋白在8～9 g/dl的女性患者60例,根据不同浓度右美托咪定随机分为D1(0.1μg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1))、D2(0.3μg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1))、D3(0.5μg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1))以及C组(等量0.9%生理盐水组),每组15例。D1～D3组患者入室后于麻醉开始前均给予0.5μg·kg-1负荷剂量右美托咪定于15 min内泵入。四组麻醉诱导后,均行七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼静吸复合麻醉维持,D1～D3组泵入相应浓度剂量的右美托咪定,C组泵入等量的生理盐水,直至手术结束前40 min停止泵入。在诱导前开始记录患者以下变量基线值:平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(SpO_2)、脑氧饱和度(rSO_2)、脑电双频指数(BIS)、以及腋温(T)。并在术中相对平稳期同样记录以上变量数值以及呼吸末二氧化碳浓度(P_(ET)CO_2),每3 min记录一次,共记录30 min。结果:四组患者入室后脑氧饱和度、平均动脉压、心率、指脉氧饱和度、腋温组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。与D1组比较、D2组脑氧饱和度较高;与D2组比较,D3组脑氧饱和度较高,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。在一定剂量范围内应用右美托咪定,可使低血红蛋白患者术中脑氧饱和度随泵入右美托咪定剂量的增加而增加,并且这一关系具有线性相关性(P0.05,相关系数r=0.9999)。结论:在一定剂量范围内应用右美托咪定可使低血红蛋白患者术中脑氧饱和度随应用右美托咪定剂量增加而增加,对于改善患者预后起着积极作用。     

右美托咪定联合瑞芬太尼对老年内镜逆行胰胆管造影术患者血流动力学、应激反应和认知功能的影响

摘要 目的：观察右美托咪定联合瑞芬太尼对老年内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）患者血流动力学、应激反应和认知功能的影响。方法：依据随机数字表法,将南京大学医学院附属南京鼓楼医院于2019年4月~2022年7月期间收治的82例老年ERCP患者分为对照组（n=41,丙泊酚乳状注射液及注射用盐酸瑞芬太尼麻醉）和观察组（n=41,盐酸右美托咪定注射液联合注射用盐酸瑞芬太尼麻醉）。对比两组血流动力学、应激反应、镇静镇痛情况、认知功能、不良反应。结果：观察组睫毛反射消失时（T1）~退镜（T4）时间点心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组术后3 d（T5）~术后1周（T6）时间点,肾上腺素（E）、促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）及皮质醇（COR）低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组术后6 h Ramsay镇静评分高于对照组,视觉疼痛模拟量表（VAS）评分低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组的认知功能障碍（POCD）发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组T5时间点简易精神状态检查表（MMSE）评分高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率组间比较无差异（P>0.05）。结论：右美托咪定联合瑞芬太尼用于老年ERCP患者具有良好的镇静镇痛作用,能有效改善血流动力学,减轻应激反应,提升认知功能,且具有较好的安全性。     

盐酸右美托咪定联合乌司他丁对老年腹部手术患者术后认知功能障碍的影响分析

目的:探讨盐酸右美托咪定联合乌司他丁对老年腹部手术患者术后认知功能障碍的影响及可能机制。方法:选择2018年1月到2018年6月在我院胃肠外科、泌尿外科、肝胆外科行开腹手术的150例患者为研究对象,按照数字表随机分为右美托咪定组、乌司他丁组和联合组,每组各50例患者。比较三组患者的术后苏醒时间、有效镇痛时间、躁动例数及术后认知功能障碍(POCD)的发生情况,治疗前后血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白介素6(IL-6)、血清S-100蛋白(S100β)水平、简易智能状态量表(MMSE)评分的变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:三组患者麻醉苏醒时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);联合组患者苏醒期躁动及POCD发生率明显低于右美托咪定组及乌司他丁组,有效镇痛时间明显长于右美托咪定组及乌司他丁组(P0.05);治疗后,三组患者血清TNF-α、IL-6及S100β水平均较治疗前明显改善,且联合组患者各个时点血清TNF-α、IL-6及S100β水平均明显低于右美托咪定组及乌司他丁组(P0.05)。联合组MMSE评分明显高于右美托咪定组及乌司他丁组(P0.05)。联合组不良反应总发生率为24.00%,显著低于右美托咪定组(50.00%)和乌司他丁组(48.00%)(P0.05)。结论:与单用盐酸右美托咪定和乌司他丁相比,盐酸右美托咪定联合乌司他丁可更有效预防老年腹部手术患者苏醒躁动及POCD的发生,且安全性更高,可能与其明显降低患者血清炎症因子水平有关。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.