Vitex glabrata R.Br.悬浮培养细胞的生长条件优化及20-羟基蜕皮激素的生产

研究了培养基、植物生长调节素以及接种量对Vitex glabrata R.Br.悬浮培养细胞的生长情况以及对20-羟基蜕皮激素形成的作用。当细胞在添加有2.0mg/L BAP (6-苯甲酸嘌呤)和1.0mg/L 2,4-D的Gamborg's B5培养基中培养时细胞生长和20-羟基蜕皮激素的形成达到了最高水平。当接种量为20％PCV（积压细胞体积）时观察到了20-羟基蜕皮激素的最高产量,大约是1.1mg/(L·d)。实验数据也表明当接种量增加到20％PCV时,产量提高了7倍。     

Vitex glabrata R.Br.悬浮培养细胞的生长条件优化及20-羟基蜕皮激素的生产

研究了培养基、植物生长调节素以及接种量对Vitex glabrata R.Br.悬浮培养细胞的生长情况以及对20-羟基蜕皮激素形成的作用。当细胞在添加有2.0mg/L BAP (6-苯甲酸嘌呤)和1.0mg/L 2,4-D的Gamborg's B5培养基中培养时细胞生长和20-羟基蜕皮激素的形成达到了最高水平。当接种量为20％PCV（积压细胞体积）时观察到了20-羟基蜕皮激素的最高产量,大约是1.1mg/(L·d)。实验数据也表明当接种量增加到20％PCV时,产量提高了7倍。     

藏红花细胞悬浮培养体系的建立及优化

基于诱导的藏红花细胞系,通过摇瓶法,优化了其液体培养基、接种量和种龄等培养条件,以建立藏红花细胞悬浮培养体系。结果表明,将生长在固体培养基上的藏红花愈伤组织接种在MS液体培养基(添加了2mg/L2,4-D,1mg/L6-BA和300mg/LCH)中,于(22±0.3)℃,120r/min的摇床上,暗培养30d,便可获得藏红花的悬浮细胞系。经优化其培养基、接种量和种龄,将种龄为20d的细胞系,按照5%接种量接种在液体B5培养基(添加了2mg/LNAA,1mg/L6-BA和300mg/LCH)中,于(22±0.3)℃,120r/min的摇床上,培养36d,细胞生物量(13.4g/L)和藏红花素产量(0.91g/L)均达到最高。本研究建立的藏红花细胞悬浮培养体系为其生物反应器放大培养奠定了基础。     

怀牛膝细胞悬浮培养及多糖含量变化的研究

采用正交实验设计研究基本培养基、碳源、2,4-D、6-BA、CH及接种量对怀牛膝悬浮培养细胞生长和细胞中多糖含量的影响。结果表明,(1)6-BA是影响怀牛膝细胞生长的关键因子,其影响效应依次为6-BA>CH>接种量>基本培养基>2,4-D>碳源,细胞生长的适宜培养基为MS 30 g/L葡萄糖 2 mg/L 2,4-D 1 mg/L 6-BA 0.5 g/L CH,适宜接种量为30 g/L。(2)碳源是影响细胞中多糖含量的关键因子,其影响效应依次为:碳源>2,4-D>6-BA>CH>接种量>基本培养基,利于细胞中多糖含量提高的适宜培养基为:LS 30 g/L蔗糖 0.5 mg/L 6-BA 0.5 g/L CH,适宜接种量为30 g/L。     

黄山药细胞培养初步研究

以黄山药叶片为外植体诱导愈伤组织,经多次继代培养筛选后进行细胞悬浮培养,研究了两种培养基对细胞生长动态的影响以及4种培养参数对细胞生长量的影响。结果表明,培养在含6-BA1 mg/L和2,4-D1 mg/L的MS液体培养基中的细胞生长效果较好,培养20 d左右可达最高生长点。较适宜的培养条件为:接种量0.8~1.0 g/100 mL;培养温度24℃~27℃;pH 5.2~5.8;蔗糖用量20~40 g/L;继代培养周期15~20 d。     

生姜离体叶片愈伤组织悬浮细胞系建立与植株再生

以‘莱芜大姜’为试材,研究了生姜离体叶片愈伤组织的诱导以及细胞悬浮系建立与植株再生。结果表明,以生姜试管苗叶片为外植体,接种到MS+1.0 mg/L 2,4-D+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+30 g/L蔗糖的培养基上,可有效诱导出生长迅速、质地疏松的愈伤组织。将获得的愈伤组织接种到MS+0.15 mg/L 2,4-D+6.0 mg/L 6-BA+30 g/L蔗糖的液体培养基上,25℃黑暗条件下震荡培养25-30 d,可建立分散性好、生长迅速的悬浮细胞系,细胞悬浮系培养的适宜参数为:初始接种量为1.0-1.5 g,继代培养的适宜间隔期为15 d,继代培养液体培养基更新比例为3/4。将悬浮细胞接种到固体培养基MS+0.2 mg/L NAA+10.0 mg/L 6-BA+30 g/L蔗糖上可获得再生植株。     

水翁悬浮细胞系的建立及其悬浮培养的生长特性

建立了水翁悬浮细胞系,并对其悬浮培养的生长特性作了初步探讨。以水翁新生芽尖作为外植体,接种于添加有不同浓度和配比的生长调节物质及各种附加物的MS固体培养基中,诱导培养产生初代愈伤组织;挑选Ⅰ和Ⅱ型的愈伤组织进行继代培养改良,考察愈伤组织的生长状况和统计生长量来决定最佳继代培养基的配方和得到适合悬浮培养的愈伤组织;将以上得到的愈伤组织转接于最佳继代液体培养基中,于24±1℃,120r/min条件下振荡培养,筛选分散度好、较均匀、生长快、色浅透明的细胞作为种子传代,数次传代后得到性能良好的悬浮细胞系;以细胞生长量(鲜重)为指标,绘制了水翁悬浮细胞的生长曲线。研究表明:2.0mg/L的2,4-D的诱导率最高(92%,初代愈伤组织为Ⅰ型),Ⅱ型愈伤组织的最高诱导率为75%;最佳的继代培养基配方为MS 0.5mg/L 2,4-D 0.5mg/L 6-BA 1.0mg/L IAA 0.5mg/L IBA 0.5mg/L NAA 0.1mg/L KT 700mg/L LH,形成Ⅱ型愈伤组织的生长量可达3.28g/瓶(鲜重);液体继代培养3代后,可得到性能良好的悬浮细胞系;水翁悬浮细胞的生长曲线表明,最佳接种期为培养后的16~18d。     

杜仲细胞悬浮培养产黄酮及其动力学研究

本文应用正交设计对杜仲细胞悬浮培养的基本培养基和植物生长物质浓度进行了筛选,并对影响杜仲细胞悬浮培养和总黄酮含量的不同因素进行了考察。结果表明,B5培养基+0.5mg/L NAA+0.6mg/L 6-BA、蔗糖30g/L、初始pH 5.0-5.5、接种量20g(FW)/L以及摇床转速110r/min为杜仲细胞悬浮培养的适宜条件。通过对杜仲悬浮细胞生长和代谢动力学的分析表明：杜仲细胞悬浮培养生长符合Logistic生长模型,最大比生长速率( m)为0.417d-1;细胞基于蔗糖的真正比生长得率(YG)与维持系数(m)分别为0.619g/g和0.0206g/(g·d-1);黄酮合成属部分生长耦联型,可用Luedeking-Piret模型进行描述。研究结果为杜仲细胞大规模悬浮培养生产天然活性成分奠定了基础。     

青阳参组织培养及愈伤组织的成分分析

用青阳参（Cynanchum otophyllum）的嫩枝和芽在MS + 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D + 0.1 mg/L KIN的培养基上诱导愈伤组织。通过不同的培养基和激素配比实验,发现 6,7-V + 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D + 0.3 mg/L KIN 最适合愈伤组织的生长。但在6,7-V + 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D + 0.1 mg/L KIN 培养基中的愈伤组织次生代谢物含量最高。愈伤组织的生长周期为27 d,但在33 d时次生代谢产物的含量最高。从愈伤组织中分离到7个化合物：⑴9,10,11-三羟基-十八碳-12(Z)-烯酸甲酯 (methyl 9,10,11-trihydroxy-12-octadecenoate),(2) 胡萝卜甙 (daucosterol),(3)β 谷甾醇 (β sitosterol),（4） 华木酸 (betulinic acid),（5）齐端果酸 (oleanolic acid),（6）棕榈酸 (hexadecanoic acid),（7）十八碳-9-烯酸 (9-octadecenoic acid)。首次报道从植物愈伤组织中分离到多羟基十八碳烯酸,并讨论了化合物（1）对植物细胞生长的可能影响。     

紫锥菊不定根悬浮共培养中咖啡酸衍生物积累研究

为筛选出紫锥菊不定根共培养最佳组合及其接种量,以紫松果菊(Echinacea purpurea,Epu)、白色紫锥菊(Echinacea pallida,Epa)和狭叶紫锥菊(Echinacea angustifolia,Ean)3种药用紫锥菊不定根为材料,在500 m L三角瓶中加入200 m L的0.5 MS+1.0 mg/L IBA培养基进行了悬浮培养,调查了接种量5 g/L、7 g/L和10 g/L及不定根组合方式对共培养紫锥菊不定根生物量、次生代谢产物积累及抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,接种量为7 g/L时的Epa+Epu共培养不定根干重(6.75 g/L)最高,此组合中不仅多酚(40.31 mg/g DW)和黄酮(34.29mg/g DW)含量高,其产量(多酚272.09 mg/L,黄酮231.46 mg/L)也最高。紫锥菊不定根共培养组合中,只有Epa+Epu不定根中6种咖啡酸衍生物都具有,而且此共培养不定根还刺激产生Epa和Epu单一培养时未检测到的活性物质咖啡酸,其中接种量为7 g/L时的共培养Epa+Epu不定根中总咖啡酸衍生物产量最高,达136.22mg/L,是Epu单独培养时的1.35倍,Epa单独培养时的1.73倍。还原能力和DPPH自由基清除率也是接种量为7 g/L时的Epa+Epu不定根组合较高。此结果为大规模生产具有抗肿瘤抗氧化药用价值的紫锥菊医学药材提供技术参数。     

Rosmarinic acid production in perfused Anchusa officinalis culture: Effect of inoculum size

Summary High cell density and rosmarinic acid (RA) productivity have been achieved by applying periodic culture perfusion to the Anchusa officinalis cell suspension. In this study, the effect of inoculum size on cell growth and RA productivity in the perfused Anchusa culture was investigated. Experimental results showed that RA productivity increased with the inoculum size, up to 4 g dry weight/L. Further increases in the inoculum size did not yield a higher RA productivity regardless of culture perfusion. Moreover, the maximum cell concentration was not affected by the inoculum sizes, from 1 to 11 g dry weight/L. Cell crowding, indicated by high culture packed cell volumes, is believed to be the predominant cause of low productivity in perfused cultures with high inoculum sizes.     

搅拌式生物反应器悬浮培养水母雪莲细胞的研究

应用 2L通气搅拌式生物反应器一步批式培养水母雪莲细胞。采用倾斜式搅拌桨代替透平桨 ,研究了搅拌转速、通气量和接种量对细胞生长和黄酮合成的影响 ,发现在 75r min、70 0～1000L min和 4.0～ 5.0gDCW L接种量下细胞生长和黄酮合成比较好。经过 12d培养细胞干重达 13.8gDCW L ,黄酮产量 416mg L ,黄酮含量占细胞干重的 30%。水母雪莲细胞生长及黄酮合成的进程表明 ,黄酮积累与细胞生长呈正相关。对细胞聚集体分布的研究发现 ,流变压力使细胞聚集体分裂 ,使反应器中细胞生长受到影响 ,黄酮产量较摇瓶中降低     

Enhanced production of taxol in suspension cultures of Taxus chinensis by controlling inoculum size

Inoculum size (1.5-6.0g dry weight/l) significantly affected cell growth and accumulation of intracellular and extracellular taxol in Taxus chinensis. A shorter cultivation time and a higher biomass productivity were achieved using inoculum size of 6.0g DW/l. Both the intracellular content and total production of taxol were increased almost 30% with an increase of inoculum size from 1.5 to 3.0g DW/l, while an even higher inoculum size decreased taxol formation. The extracellular taxol concentration was relatively higher (0.091mg/l) at low inoculum sizes of 1.5 and 2.0g DW/l; and in various cases it was less than 25% of the total amount of taxol produced.     

Effects of inoculum size and age on biomass growth and paclitaxel production of elicitor-treated Taxus yunnanensis cell cultures

Suspension cultures of Taxus yunnanensis cells were inoculated with cells of different culture ages (12-24 days) at various densities [50-250 g fresh weight (fw)/l], and treated (on day 7) with a mixture of elicitors, including Ag(+), chitosan and methyl jasmonate. The biomass productivity (during the production stage) increased dramatically with inoculum size, but decreased with inoculum age over 16 days. The volumetric yield and productivity of taxol (paclitaxel) also increased with inoculum size, while the specific taxol yield (per cell) was mainly dependent on inoculum age, with an optimum of 20 days, during the early stationary phase. The highest taxol yield and productivity, 39.8 mg/l and 1.9 mg/l per day, respectively, were obtained with a 20-day-old inoculum at 200 g fw/l. Taxol excretion by the cells increased with inoculum age but decreased with inoculum size. The elicitor-induced activities of catalase (CAT) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) also depended mainly on inoculum age; higher PAL activity and lower CAT activity were obtained with an older inoculum, corresponding to a higher taxol yield. The results show that both inoculum size and age are important variables for taxol production, though the latter more profoundly influences elicitor-induced taxol biosynthesis of the cells. Inoculum size and age are also interrelated and should be optimized together in a two-stage culture process.     

Effect of carbon and nitrogen sources on growth and solasodine production in batch suspension cultures of Solanum eleagnifolium Cav.

The effect of inoculum size, carbon sources (fructose, glucose, maltose, sucrose), nitrate and ammonia on solasodine production by Solanum eleagnifolium Cav. was studied. The specific growth rate was estimated to be 0.15–0.20 d^-1 with all sugars tested at a concentration of 90 mM. Sucrose (180 mM) produced the highest biomass value (about 2.8 mg DW ml^-1) while the lowest one was produced by maltose. Although solasodine productivity values after 11 days of culture were similar for all sugars tested, the maximum values of productivity (0.9 mg g^-1 d^-1) were achieved after 6 days of culture with sucrose (180 mM). Solasodine productivity of cultures conducted with a large inoculum (20% w/v fresh material) was double that with a small inoculum (10% w/v fresh material).     

贡蕉胚性细胞悬浮系的建立和植株再生

鲜食蕉品种的高度不育性和多倍性制约了用传统育种方法培育生产实践中所需的新品种 ,建立稳定的胚性细胞悬浮系是香蕉生物技术育种的前提。以目前国内尚未建立该体系的鲜食蕉品种贡蕉 (AA)未成熟雄花序的第 1～ 15位花梳为外植体 ,对胚性细胞悬浮系的建立和植株再生体系进行了优化。结果表明 ,5～ 6个月的培养后可获得分生小球体和浅黄色、松散易碎的胚性愈伤组织。 9μmol/L 2,4 D对外植体愈伤组织的诱导效果最好 ,诱导率为 40.96 % ,胚性愈伤组织诱导率可达7.45 % ,其中5.79%的胚性愈伤组织来源于第 6～12号位置的花梳。胚性愈伤组织悬浮培养后 ,通过 3个月的筛选和继代培养 ,可得到均质的胚性细胞悬浮系。该培养体系合适继代周期为 15d ,继代时合适的起始接种量为每 30mL培养基加 2mLPCVECS。培养 6个月的胚性细胞在体细胞胚诱导培养基中培养15d后可见到白色半透明体细胞胚的发生 ,体细胞胚诱导率为 2 80× 10³个 mLPCV。成熟体细胞胚的萌发率为 17 2 8% ,其中发育成正常的再生植株的百分率为 14 16 %。     

Increased PHB productivity by high-cell-density fed-batch culture of Alcaligenes latus, a growth-associated PHB producer

Alcaligenes latus, a growth-associated PHB producer, was cultivated by a pH-stat modal fed-batch culture technique to attain high PHB productivity. Both sucrose solution and inorganic medium were fed in conjunction with the supply of ammonia solution which serves as a nitrogen source and as a means of pH control. Compositions of the inorganic medium were formulated by elemental analysis of A. latus cell mass. The effect on inoculum size was examined to reduce culture time. High concentrations of cell (142 g/L) and PHB (68.4 g/L) were obtained in a short culture time (18 h) with an inoculum size of 13.7 g/L. The PHB content and the PHB productivity at the end of the fed-batch culture were 50% of dry cell weight and 4.0 g PHB/(L . h), respectively. (c) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Selection and proliferation of rapid growing cell lines from embryo derived cell cultures of yew tree (Taxus cuspidata Sieb. et Zucc)

Calli were induced from 300,000 embryos isolated from immature to mature stage of seeds collected on late September from 14 elite trees. When the embryos were cultured onto plastic Petri-dish containing 20 mL of modified B5 basal medium supplemented with 3% (w/v) sucrose, 500 mg/L casein hydrolysate, 250 mg/L myo-inositol, 0.5% (w/v) polyvinyl polypyrrolidon (PVPP), 2×MS vitamins, 0.5 mg/L gibberellic acid, and 10 mg/L 2,4-D after 2 weeks of culture, yellowish-white calli were immediately formed on the surfaces of embryos, and subcultured for 4 weeks in same culture medium. Because most of calli maintained for more than 3 months were revealed differences in their colors, surface texture, and growth rate, visual selection was made for first round screening. When the size of visually selected calli larger than 19 mm in their diameter were inoculated, persistent proliferation was observed. Among the plating methods tested for the selection of rapid growing cell lines at single cell and/or small cell aggregate level, 2-layer spread plating revealed as the best for single cell cloning. To enhance cell growth and maintain high rate of viability for long-term culture of yew cells in bioreactor, final cell volume less than 50% in SCV seemed to be the best. Time course study revealed that 30% of inoculum density was suitable for fed batch culture. Among the tested conditional media, the rate of 1∶2 (old medium: fresh medium) was recorded at the best for cell growth.     

不同因素对岩黄连悬浮细胞生长的影响

目的:建立一个快速生长的岩黄连悬浮细胞培养体系。方法:研究了接种量、基本培养基、初始pH值、不同碳源对岩黄连悬浮细胞生长的影响。结果:合适的接种量是7.5~10%(FW),接种量过少会抑制细胞生长;B5和MS基本培养基均适合岩黄连细胞的生长;最佳初始培养基pH值为6.0,此时获得的细胞生物量最高;岩黄连悬浮细胞培养的生长周期为24d,最大生物量出现在第18d,达到14.1g/l(DW);蔗糖比葡萄糖更有利于岩黄连细胞的生长,添加60g/l蔗糖所获得的生物量最高,达到18.5g/l(DW)。