草鱼致病性类志贺邻单胞菌的分离与鉴定

摘要:【目的】分离鉴定引起草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)肌肉糜烂的类志贺邻单胞菌(Plesiomonas shigeloide)菌株JX-09。【方法】从患病草鱼分离致病菌,经形态学观察、人工感染试验、生理生化特性测定和16S rRNA基因序列分析对其进行分类鉴定和致病性检验;同时对分离到的菌株做药物敏感性试验。【结果】从回归感染后的草鱼体内再次分离到菌株JX-09,表明该菌株为致病菌;菌株JX-09对草鱼的半致死量为6.4×104cfu/g。通过生化特征和分子系统学分析,将菌株JX-09鉴定为类志贺邻单胞菌。药敏试验表明该菌株对氨曲南、头孢唑林、头孢噻吩、头孢曲松等头孢类药物敏感,对卡那霉素、麦迪霉素、万古霉素和哌拉西林等耐药。【结论】类志贺邻单胞菌是草鱼肌肉糜烂病的致病菌,这是首次报道了该菌对草鱼有致病性。     

草鱼致病性类志贺邻单胞菌的分离与鉴定

【目的】分离鉴定引起草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)肌肉糜烂的类志贺邻单胞菌(Plesiomonas shigeloide)菌株JX-09。【方法】从患病草鱼分离致病菌,经形态学观察、人工感染试验、生理生化特性测定和16S rRNA基因序列分析对其进行分类鉴定和致病性检验;同时对分离到的菌株做药物敏感性试验。【结果】从回归感染后的草鱼体内再次分离到菌株JX-09,表明该菌株为致病菌;菌株JX-09对草鱼的半致死量为6.4×104cfu/g。通过生化特征和分子系统学分析,将菌株JX-09鉴定为类志贺邻单胞菌。药敏试验表明该菌株对氨曲南、头孢唑林、头孢噻吩、头孢曲松等头孢类药物敏感,对卡那霉素、麦迪霉素、万古霉素和哌拉西林等耐药。【结论】类志贺邻单胞菌是草鱼肌肉糜烂病的致病菌,这是首次报道了该菌对草鱼有致病性。     

杂交鲟海豚链球菌的分离、鉴定及药物敏感性

【目的】2012年7月,北京市怀柔区一家养殖场的杂交鲟爆发疾病,陆续死鱼。为确定病原,【方法】从具有典型症状的患病鱼的肝、肾和脾中分离获得3株分离菌,编号HRS12718L、HRS12718K和HRS12718S。采用形态特征、理化特性、16S rDNA和海豚链球菌特异性基因逐步鉴定病原菌的种类。取HRS12718K分离株进行人工感染实验,确认病原菌的致病性。开展药物敏感性实验筛选分离株的敏感药物。【结果】结果显示3株分离菌的形态特征和理化特性与从中国其它鱼类分离的海豚链球菌一致。采用16S rDNA序列构建的进化树与海豚链球菌聚为一支,与海豚链球菌的同源性在99.1%以上。HRS12718K分离株对杂交鲟的半致死量LD50为4.42×105CFU/mL,试验感染鱼出现与自然发病鱼相似临床症状。分离株对诺氟沙星、嗯诺沙星、硫酸新霉素、盐酸多西环素和盐酸四环素敏感,尤其对嗯诺沙星敏感。【结论】最终确认引起该养殖场杂交鲟发病的病原为海豚链球菌,建议使用嗯诺沙星进行治疗。     

尼罗罗非鱼致病性类志贺邻单胞菌(Plesiomonas shigelloides)的分离鉴定及其病理学观察

【目的】2013年5月广东番禺某养殖场罗非鱼出现大量死亡现象,临床症状表现为鱼体体色发黑、体表出血、鳞片脱落、鳍条溃烂等,解剖发现腹腔有大量腹水、胆囊肿大、肝呈黄色、脾脏呈暗红色。为确定病原,【方法】从具以上临床症状的病鱼组织中分离获得可疑菌株1株,编号PYS1。采用形态特征、生长特性、理化特征、16S rRNA基因序列分析等理化及分子生物学技术鉴定该菌株种类。通过人工回归感染及组织病理学研究确定该菌株的致病性,并开展药物敏感性试验筛选其敏感药物。【结果】结果表明PYS1菌株为类志贺邻单胞菌(Plesiomonas shigelloides),在16S rRNA基因序列构建的分子进化树中与其他鱼源类志贺邻单胞菌聚为一支。药敏试验结果表明该菌株已呈现多重耐药性,仅对少数检测抗生素(头孢曲松、头孢洛克和头孢唑啉等)敏感。人工回归感染结果显示PYS1菌株可使尼罗罗非鱼出现与自然发病鱼相似症状,其对尼罗罗非鱼半致死量为1.425×108CFU/尾,石蜡切片显示其对感染鱼的肠、肝、脾、肾和心脏等组织均可造成损伤。【结论】证明类志贺邻单胞菌为上述养殖场尼罗罗非鱼发病的病原,且为首次报道该菌对尼罗罗非鱼的致病性。     

鳜源致病性舒伯特气单胞菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

【背景】舒伯特气单胞菌(Aeromonas schubertii)广泛分布于淡、海水水体和底泥中,致病株已在我国养殖鳢科鱼类中流行,也感染其他经济鱼类,导致暴发性死亡。【目的】对病鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)的病原进行鉴定,确定分离菌的致病性及药物敏感性,为该病临床治疗提供参考。【方法】采集病鳜脾肾组织进行PCR或RT-PCR扩增其常见病毒,采集病鳜肝脏和腹水分离培养细菌,PCR扩增代表菌株的gyrB、16S rRNA和毒力基因,鉴定其生理生化特征,并进行药物敏感性试验和人工感染试验。【结果】病鳜的传染性脾肾坏死病毒、鳜蛙病毒、鳜弹状病毒检测结果为阴性,肝脏和腹水均存在大量细菌;代表菌株Gui210820被鉴定为舒伯特气单胞菌,携带溶血素、气溶素、弹性蛋白酶和磷脂酶毒力基因,腹腔注射感染鳜的半数致死浓度(LD50)为3.16×105 CFU/mL;菌株Gui210820对四环素、卡那霉素、复方新诺明等6种抗菌药物耐药,对强力霉素中介,对恩诺沙星、新霉素、氟苯尼考等11种抗菌药物敏感。【结论】本试验从病鳜组织分离到致病性舒伯特气单胞菌,水产准许用药物恩诺沙星、新霉素、氟苯尼考...     

牛蛙致病变形菌的鉴定及其敏感药物筛选

【目的】分离鉴定引起牛蛙(Rana catesbeiana)皮肤溃疡病症的致病菌,筛选抗菌药物。【方法】采用无菌解剖组织划线分离法分离致病菌,通过人工感染试验、菌体和菌落形态观察、API20E系统鉴定、16S r RNA基因序列分析,确定分离菌的致病性及分类地位,并对该菌进行药物敏感性试验。【结果】从患病濒死牛蛙体内分离细菌NWG20141026,通过形态特征观察、生理生化试验、API 20E系统鉴定和16S r RNA基因序列相似性分析,认为NWG20141026菌株为普通变形菌(Proteus vulgaris)。人工感染试验显示,NWG20141026菌株不仅可以通过皮肤伤口感染引起蛙体表溃疡溃烂病症,也可通过消化道感染引起蛙肠炎病。药敏实验结果表明,氟苯尼考、四环素、多西环素、萘啶酸、磺胺异噁唑、恩诺沙星、红霉素等7种药物对普通变形菌具有较好的抑杀菌作用。【结论】引起牛蛙(R.catesbeiana)皮肤溃疡病症的致病菌NWG20141026为普通变形菌(P.vulgaris),所患疾病命名为牛蛙变形菌病。普通变形菌对健康牛蛙具有较强致病性,氟苯尼考、四环素、多西环素、萘啶酸、磺胺异噁唑等5种药可作为防治牛蛙变形菌病的候选药物。     

竹鼠源致病性大肠杆菌分离鉴定与耐药情况分析

【背景】随着竹鼠养殖业不断发展,人工养殖技术的限制导致细菌性疾病不断发生,其中大肠杆菌病成为防治的重点。【目的】分离导致四川绵阳某规模化竹鼠养殖场竹鼠死亡的病原菌,对病原菌进行遗传进化分析和耐药情况分析,为竹鼠细菌性疾病防治提供案例支撑。【方法】采用形态学观察与16SrRNA基因序列分析对病原菌进行鉴定,并进行病理组织学观察、遗传进化分析、药敏试验和耐药基因分析。【结果】从竹鼠肝脏中分离到一株致病性大肠杆菌,病理组织切片可见肺脏、肝脏、肾脏病变严重,脾脏组织病变程度不大;药敏试验表明该株大肠杆菌对丁胺卡那霉素、庆大霉素、大观霉素、氨苄西林、头孢他啶、头孢吡肟、头孢噻肟、多粘菌素、四环素、多西环素等10种药物高度敏感,对左氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、恩诺沙星、新霉素、红霉素、氟苯尼考、复方新诺明等7种药物耐药;该菌携带氨基糖苷类耐药基因[aac(3)-II、aph(3′)-II]和氯霉素类耐药基因(cmlA、floR)。【结论】该竹鼠养殖场疾病由致病性大肠杆菌导致,该株致病性大肠杆菌携带氨基糖苷类耐药基因和氯霉素类耐药基因。     

雏鸡源致病性粪肠球菌的分离鉴定及其耐药性分析

【背景】粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)是人和动物肠道正常菌群之一,也是一种条件性致病菌。近年来,粪肠球菌引起人和动物感染的报道越来越多。【目的】探明引起某养鸡场雏鸡发病死亡的病原及其致病性和有效治疗药物。【方法】结合临床症状和病理剖检,开展病原菌分离、生理生化特性检测和16S rRNA基因序列分析、致病性试验、耐药分析和对患病鸡群的药物治疗。【结果】患病鸡有昏睡、瘫痪或共济失调等临床症状;肝、脾肿大,肝脏发黄、少量出血点、质脆易碎,肠道粘膜增厚、出血,脑轻微水肿;从肝脏组织分离得到一株革兰氏阳性球菌,经纯化培养后命名为CJ517;依据该菌株形态特征、生理生化特性和16S rRNA基因序列分析鉴定为粪肠球菌;致病性试验显示CJ517菌株能致死小鼠,致死率为66.67%;该菌对头孢噻肟、磷霉素、丁胺卡那等药物敏感,对多西环素、卡那霉素、新霉素、氟苯尼考等药物耐药;经用敏感药物和提高免疫力结合治疗后,鸡群病情得到控制。【结论】研究结果可为临床诊断和治疗动物粪肠球菌感染提供参考。     

急性腹泻患者类志贺邻单胞菌流行及药物敏感性分析

目的了解类志贺邻单胞菌在急性腹泻患者中的分布及对常用抗菌药物的敏感性,为疾病的预防和临床治疗提供依据。方法收集2012年6月至2013年12月期间浙江省4家医院急性腹泻患者病例,采用常规微生物检验程序对常见肠道致病菌进行分离培养及检测。分离到的类志贺邻单胞菌采用K-B法进行药物敏感性试验。结果收集1 640例病例,共分离到类志贺邻单胞菌共41株,检出率为2.5%,占所有分离菌株的7.5%,居细菌性病原第四。41例病例中,男女检出率分别为2.6%和2.4%,差异无统计学意义;患者半数以上分布在18~44岁;每月均能够分离到类志贺邻单胞菌,其中夏季(6-8月)分离率最高,达3.9%。类志贺邻单胞菌对氨苄西林耐药率高达89.3%,对阿米卡星、复方新诺明、庆大霉素耐药率分别在30%~50%,未出现对头孢哌酮-舒巴坦、哌拉西林-他唑巴坦、亚胺培南及美罗培南耐药株。结论类志贺邻单胞菌是沿海地区夏秋季腹泻较为常见的病原菌之一,是临床肠道感染中不可忽视的病原。     

类志贺邻单胞菌7-63-5株及其多糖的研究

类志贺邻单胞菌O17血清型与宋内氏痢疾志贺氏菌的脂多糖结构一致,类志贺邻单胞菌7-63-5株属于O17血清型。实验中通过对该菌株培养特性、生化特征、免疫学特性的研究,证明其完全符合类志贺邻单胞菌特性。多糖的研究证明,类志贺邻单胞菌7-63-5株的O-特异性多糖无论从化学结构,还是免疫学特性上,都与宋内氏I相菌的一致。因此,类志贺邻单胞菌7-63-5株可以用以研究宋内氏痢疾多糖蛋白质结合疫苗。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.