病毒性肝炎HAV，HBV，HCV，HDV和HEV重叠感染的研究

采用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测了１０８例乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）感染者血清中的五种肝炎病毒──甲型（ＨＡＶ）、乙型（ＨＢＶ）、丙型（ＨＣＶ）、丁型（ＨＤＶ）和成型（ＨＥＶ）肝炎病毒的标志物,并采用ＰＣＲ技术检测了患者血清ＨＢＶＤＮＡ、ＨＣＶＲＮＡ及ＨＤＶＲＮＡ。结果五种肝炎病毒重叠感染者３５例（３２．４％）,单纯ＨＢＶ感染者７３例（６７．６％）。ＨＢＶ、ＨＡＶＭ重感染率为４．６％,ＨＢＶ、ＨＣＶ二重感染率为９．２％,ＨＢＶ、ＨＤＶＭ重感染率为１４．８％,ＨＢＶ、ＨＥＶ二重感染率为１．９％,ＨＢＶ、ＨＣＶ和ＨＤＶ三重感     

中国不同地区庚型肝炎病毒5‘非编码区基因异质性分析

为分析庚型肝炎病毒（ＨＧＶ）５＇非编码区（５＇ＵＴＲ）基因的异质性,确定中国不同地区ＨＧＶ主要流行株的特点及其分布,本研究对来自江西、湖南、河南、河北、甘肃等地９株ＨＧＶ５＇ＵＴＲ区进行基因扩增与序列测定。通过对５＇ＵＴＲ区１５４个核苷酸区段的序列进行分析,并与文献报导的其它２５株（１６株中国ＨＧＶ、９株国外代表株）相应区段进行比较与系统树分析,结果表明：（１）中国不同地区ＨＧＶ５＇ＵＴＲ区基因存     

戊型肝炎病毒实验感染恒河猴的研究

报道了用戊型肝炎（ＨｅｐａｔｉｔｉｓＥ,ＨＥ）病人粪便悬液感染恒河猴后的组织病理学、血液生化与免疫学以及病毒学分子生物学检测的结果。三只实验猴在感染后第３～４周均出现ＡＬＴ异常;粪便以及肝脏与胆囊组织超薄切片中电镜观察到２７～３４ｎｍ大小的病毒样颗粒;病理组织切片观察表明,肝脏组织有典型的急性炎症病灶;粪便与血清经ＲＴｎＰＣＲ扩增到戊型肝炎病毒（ＨｅｐａｔｉｔｉｓＥＶｉｒｕｓ,ＨＥＶ）特异性片段,粪便排毒从感染后第７天持续至第５０天左右,病毒血症迟于粪便排毒,出现于感染后两周左右,维持１～２周;ＥＬＩＳＡ检测发现,实验猴血清中ＨＥＶＩｇＧ抗体水平在感染后３～４周阳转,４～５个月后转阴。这些实验结果提示,恒河猴作为ＨＥＶ感染实验动物模型是理想的,建立系统的恒河猴实验模型对探讨ＨＥＶ感染发病机理、机体免疫应答以及临床诊断与疫苗研制具有重要意义。     

中国不同地区庚型肝炎病毒5′非编码区基因异质性分析

为分析庚型肝炎病毒（ＨＧＶ）５′非编码区（５′ＵＴＲ）基因的异质性,确定中国不同地区ＨＧＶ主要流行株的特点及其分布,本研究对来自江西、湖南、河南、河北、甘肃等地９株ＨＧＶ５′ＵＴＲ区进行基因扩增与序列测定。通过对５′ＵＴＲ区１５４个核苷酸区段的序列进行分析,并与文献报导的其它２５株（１６株中国ＨＧＶ、９株国外代表株）相应区段进行比较与系统树分析,结果表明：（１）中国不同地区ＨＧＶ５′ＵＴＲ区基因存在一定异质性,但不存在明显的地区分布差异;（２）对３４株ＨＧＶ５′ＵＴＲ区的系统树分析,可分为３组,存在明显的地理分布特征;（３）绝大多数（除１株外）中国ＨＧＶ分离株皆分在第三组,并可分为二个亚组。     

福州地区庚型肝炎病毒重叠感染

为研究庚型肝炎病毒在福州地区的重叠感染,采用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测本院住院的２８６例病毒性肝炎（ＨＶ）患者和５００名供血员的抗－ＨＧＶ。结果表明,甲、乙、丙、戊型肝炎患者和供血员的抗－ＨＧＶ检出率分别为２．０％、２．２％、４．０％、１０．０％和０．２％。急性肝炎、慢性肝炎、慢性重型肝炎、肝硬化、原发性肝癌和抗－ＨＣＶ阳性供血员的检出率分别为７．９％、４．３％、３３．３％、０％、７．１％和６．３％,慢性重型肝炎检出率较慢性肝炎显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。各型肝炎患者和供血员均存在庚型肝炎病毒重叠感染,以慢性重型肝炎为著。     

HGV感染者的随访研究

采用ＲＴ－ｎＰＣＲ和合成肽包被的ＥＬＩＳＡ法对ＨＧＶ感染者进行随访研究和动态观察。２／１４ＨＧＶＲＮＡ和抗ＨＧＶ均阳性者３年后阴转;３／５单项抗－ＨＧＶ阳性者３年后阴转;２／７单项ＨＧＶＲＮＡ阳性者３年后阴转。２６例检出ＨＧＶ感染指标的献血员３年随访时仅１例ＡＬＴ为１４２。６例ＨＧＶ感染者１年动态观察显示,４例受血者１年内抗ＨＧＶ阳转,但仅１例受血者受血后２周时出现一过性ＡＬＴ升高。该研究证实ＨＧＶ可以经血传播并在体内有长期携带的趋势。６例ＨＧＶ感染者的动态观察未见ＨＧＶＲＮＡ或抗－ＨＧＶ与ＡＬＴ有相关。提示ＨＧＶ对肝脏的致病性较弱或致病需要辅助因子存在,应进一步加强ＨＧＶ的致病性研究和新型肝炎病毒的研究     

庚型肝炎病毒—中国河北分离株部分NS3区基因序列分析

在急慢性输血后肝炎、散发性肝炎及爆发型肝炎中,大约１０～２０％的病人不属于已发现的Ａ～Ｅ型肝炎,提示存在新型肝炎病毒。在美国１９９５年第４６届医学年会上,已有了一些有关庚型肝炎病毒（ＨＧＶ）分子生物学及庚型肝炎血清学方面的摘要报道。１９９６年初Ｌｉｎ...     

中国不同地区和人群HDV cDNA的筛选、克隆及抗原编码区基因异质性的分析

为研究我国不同地区不同人群中ＨＤＶ毒株的感染分子特征,从我国河南、内蒙、北京、四川、广西、西藏、新疆、辽宁、上海等地的ＨＤＶ健康携带者、慢性丁肝病人与重症肝炎病人中筛选获得１０余份ＨＤＶ－ＲＮＡ阳性血清。经逆转录一多聚酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）交叉扩增获得ＨＤＶ抗原编码区的ｃＤＮＡ片段并克隆到ＰＧＥＭ－３Ｚｆ（－）或ＰＧＥＭ－Ｔ载体上,经序列分析研究其基因结构特点,结果表明：中国的ＨＤＶ毒株基因型均为Ⅰ型,但至少存在ⅠＡ、ⅠＢ两个亚型,ＨＤＶ毒株在不同地区间存在异质性,其中河南－１、－２、－３株及新疆株与台湾株同源性较高（核苷酸与氨基酸同源性分别大于９２．１％与８６．９％）．当为ⅠＡ型;内蒙－１、四川、广西、西藏－１、辽宁、北京株与美国－１株同源性较高（核苷酸与氨酸同源性分别大于９４．３％与８８．８％）,当为ⅠＢ亚型;上海株与意大利株的核昔酸同源性最高,为９８．１％。研究证明我国新疆、内蒙、西藏等地区抗ＨＤ阳性率比其他省市高并不是由于存在其他基因型所致。     

中国不同临床型来源的丁型肝炎病毒(HDV)部份基因组序列的分析比较

从我国河南、内蒙、北京等地的ＨＤＶ健康携带者、慢性丁肝病人与重症肝炎病人中,筛选获得４份ＨＤＶ—ＲＮＡ阳性血清。经逆转录—聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ—ＰＣＲ）交叉扩增获得ＨＤＶ—ｃＤＮＡ片段（６５１—１６６０ｎｔ,按Ｍａｋｉｎｏｅｔａｌ定位）,并克隆到ＰＧＥＭ—３ｚｆ（－）或ＰＧＥＭ－Ｔ载体上。经序列分析研究其基因结构特点,结果表明,同属基因Ⅰ型的４株中国丁型肝炎病毒,在基因序列上具有相似的保守区域,但与同亚型ＨＤＶ健康携带者相比,重症肝炎病人与慢性丁肝病人来源的ＨＤＶ毒株,在多个位点上发生了核苷酸的改变,由此推导的抗原编码区相应的氨基酸发生了替换。这些核苷酸与氨基酸的改变位点散在,但多集中于抗原编码区的羧基端。如慢性丁肝发生的６个氨基酸改变中,５个位于１６６—１８８位;重症肝炎发生的１２个氨基酸改变中,８个位于１７０—２１４位。有趣的是,在１７５位上发生了由脯氨酸向丝氨酸的共同替换。提示ＨＤＶ的感染致病可能与ＨＤＶ的基因结构相关。     

家庭内性传播疾病感染研究

为了解性传播疾病（ＳｅｘｕａｌｌｙＴｒａｎｓｍｉｔｔｅｄＤｉｓｅａｓｅｓＳＴＤ）对家庭内传播的影响,用多聚酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）等方法检测了９４对夫妻和其中１５户家庭中１６名子女的ＳＴＤ病原体ＮＧ、ＣＴ、ＵＵ、ＨＰＶ、梅毒螺旋体和白色念珠菌。结果表明：男性不洁性史为６８．１５％而女性为４．２６％,两者间有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）,但其发病率无统计上显著差异（男７６．６０％、女７３．４０％）。ＳＴＤ感染以ＣＴ感染最高,达４４．６８％,ＮＧ感染为３１．９１％,ＨＰＶ感染是１５．９６％,未检出梅毒和ＨＳＶ感染。患者中两种及以上病原感染过３５．１１％。５６．２５％的子女ＳＴＤ感染系其患ＳＴＤ父母传染的。这提示如果夫妻任何一方检出有ＳＴＤ感染,另一方须做系统监测与咨询,以便及时采取治疗和预防措施并避免子女受到感染。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.