RT-PCR和酶切方法区分猪瘟疫苗毒与野毒的研究*

建立了套式RT-PCR与限制性内切酶酶切相结合的区别猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗株与猪瘟病毒田间分离株的诊断方法。通过对猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗株与猪瘟石门株E2基因主要抗原编码区序列进行限制性内切酶酶切位点分析,分别找出猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗株与猪瘟石门株各自独有的限制性内切酶酶切位点,结果二者分别有10和16个独有的限制性内切酶的酶切位点;分别对17株猪瘟病毒E2基因主要抗原编码区序列进行这26个限制性内切酶酶切位点分析,结果表明有3个限制性内切酶(HgaI、Hin8I及Hsp92I)     

中国猪瘟兔化弱毒(兔血源毒)NS35′端基因的克隆与序列分析

猪瘟(Hog Cholera, HC;或称为Swine Fever, SF)是猪最重要的传染病之一,猪瘟病毒(HCV 或SFV)归类于黄病毒科瘟病毒属.在现行疫苗中,猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗(HCLV)是最广泛使用的疫苗之一,HCLV是由中国兽药监察所研制成功的猪瘟弱毒疫苗,赠给许多国家后,被适应于许多细胞,国外一律称为C株.     

猪瘟病毒石门强毒株和兔化弱毒疫苗株E2蛋白糖基化位点差异分析

猪瘟病毒强毒株和兔化弱毒疫苗株E2糖蛋白分别含有5个和6个潜在的糖基化位点,其中986N是兔化弱毒疫苗株所特有的。为了分析二者糖基化位点差异及其影响,将去掉信号肽和跨膜区的猪瘟病毒石门强毒株(Shi-men)和兔化弱毒疫苗株(HCLV)E2基因置于蜂素信号肽序列下游,使其在Sf9细胞内表达重组Shimen-E2和HCLV-E2蛋白。结果显示,重组E2蛋白以二聚体的形式分泌表达于细胞培养液中,但二者分子量存在差异。用endo H和PNGase F对纯化后的重组E2蛋白进行去糖基化处理后,二者分子量大小变成一致,证实石门强毒株和兔化弱毒株E2蛋白分子量大小的差异可能是由于糖基化程度的差异所致。对986N糖基化位点进行定点突变后发现,突变后的Shimen-E2与野生型HCLV-E2分子量大小一致,而突变后的HCLV-E2与野生型Shimen-E2分子量大小一致,表明Shimen-E2和HCLV-E2分子量大小的差异的确是由于986N糖基化位点的差异引起的。     

猪瘟病毒石门株与兔化弱毒株gp55基因的克隆与序列分析

猪瘟病毒石门系强毒株及兔化弱毒疫苗株（ＨＣＬＶ株）是我国的标准毒株,囊膜糖蛋白ｇｐ５５（又称Ｅ１）是该病毒最重要的保护性抗原。本实验采用反转录ＰＣＲ扩增了这两个毒株的ｇｐ５５基因。序列分析结果表明：１．石门株和兔化弱毒株糖蛋白Ｅ１的氨基酸序列含有１５个半胱氨酸残基（Ｃｙｓ）,其数量及位置与国外４株猪瘟病毒（Ａｌｆｏｒｔ、Ｂｒｅｓｃｉａ、ＡＬＤ和ＧＰＥ＾－）完全一样。Ｅ１中Ｃｙｓ的数量及位置的保守性     

猪瘟病毒石门株NS4A基因的克隆,测序及分析

采用RT-PCR技术,利用一对引物,从感染猪血中成功扩增了猪瘟病毒强毒石门株NS4A基因,片段大小为757bp,与预期大小一致。克隆后经酶切鉴定,自动化测序。序列比较表明,该基因为最保守的基因之一,其中石门株序列与ALD,GPE,HCLV及Brescia株均有很高的同源性,由其推导的氨基酸的同源性高达100％。仅与Alfort株的同源性消低。对石门株序列与同属的BVDVSD－1株和NADL株序列进行了比较。     

猪瘟病毒E2基因真核表达质粒的构建及基因疫苗的研究

构建了猪瘟病毒(classical swine fever virus, CSFV)主要保护性抗原E2基因4种不同的真核表达质粒.小鼠免疫试验表明,E2基因上不同的功能区对基因疫苗的免疫应答有很大影响,有信号肽序列的E2基因可诱导产生特异性免疫反应,且无跨膜区序列的E2基因所诱导的免疫应答反应比有跨膜区序列的强,而无信号肽序列的E2基因则不能诱导产生CSFV特异性的免疫反应.攻毒保护试验表明,免疫家兔最少可抵抗10个最小感染剂量(MID)的猪瘟兔化弱毒苗(Hog cholera lap-inized virus, HCLV)的攻击;免疫猪可抵抗致死剂量的CSFV石门株强毒的攻击.     

猪瘟病毒糖蛋白E0基因的克隆及及表达研究

用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法扩增分别获得了中国猪瘟病毒强毒石门株和兔化弱毒株糖蛋白Ｅ０基因ｃＤＮＡ,并克隆到ｐＧＥＭ Ｔ载体中测定其核苷酸序列和推导出其对应氨基酸序列,结果表明这两个毒 间的Ｅ０基因核苷酸序列同源性为９５．３％,氨基酸序列同源性为９４％,有１４个殖基的差异;与几个代表毒株ＡＬＤ株、ＧＰＥ株、Ｂｒｅｓｃｉａ株、Ａｌｆｏｒｔ株和国外测得的兔化弱毒Ｃ株相应序列进行比较,所测石门病毒核苷酸序列与上述     

中国猪瘟兔化弱毒(兔血源毒)NS_3 5′端基因的克隆与序列分析

猪瘟 (ＨｏｇＣｈｏｌｅｒａ ,ＨＣ ;或称为ＳｗｉｎｅＦｅｖｅｒ ,ＳＦ)是猪最重要的传染病之一 ,猪瘟病毒(ＨＣＶ或ＳＦＶ)归类于黄病毒科瘟病毒属。在现行疫苗中 ,猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗 (ＨＣＬＶ)是最广泛使用的疫苗之一 ,ＨＣＬＶ是由中国兽药监察所研制成功的猪瘟弱毒疫苗 ,赠给许多国家后 ,被适应于许多细胞 ,国外一律称为Ｃ株。 80年代后 ,我国猪瘟兔化弱毒组织苗也换代为羊肾、牛睾丸、羊睾丸等组织细胞苗。但国内外应用单克隆抗体对Ｃ株检测发现有不同的反应模式 ,表明经过多年在不同细胞驯化的结果 ,Ｃ株已经名同实异[1,2 ] 。正是在…     

猪瘟兔化弱毒E2基因序列测定与分析

采用微量法(100μl)从牛睾丸细胞培养液中提取猪瘟兔化弱毒(HCLV)RNA,成功地用于RT-PCR扩增。采用Taq Track Sequence System试剂盒方法,用Bio-Rad Model 300 Xi DNA测序仪直接用PCR产物进行序列测定。经过反复多次的序列测定,HCLV E2基因的全部序列已被证实。该序列已被国际基因库(GeneBank)收录,编号为U72048。 将测定的HCLV囊膜糖蛋白E2基因序列输入计算机,采用DNAsis软件与日本的GPE株、ALD株和欧洲的Brescia株、Alfort株猪瘟     

猪瘟病毒兔化弱毒株全长cDNA克隆的感染性鉴定

用SrfⅠ限制性内切酶将构建的猪瘟病毒兔化弱毒株(C-株)全长cDNA线性化,体外转录获得其基因组RNA,利用脂质体将基因组RNA转染至SK-6细胞系,连续传代,收集5代以后培养细胞,采用RT-PCR、荧光抗体直接法、夹心ELISA进行鉴定.结果表明,所构建的全长cDNA具有感染性.猪瘟病毒C-株全长感染性cDNA的成功构建,为在分子水平上进一步研究中国猪瘟病毒兔化弱毒株提供了极有价值的研究工具.     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Cytoskeleton and mitochondrial morphology and function

It has been well established that the cytoskeleton is an essential modulator of cell morphology and motility, intracytoplasmic transport and mitosis, however cytoskeletal linkage to the organelles has not been unequivocally demonstrated. Indeed, cytoskeleton appears to be essential in determining and modulating gene phenotype as a function of cellular environment. According to recent studies, the organization of the cytoskeleton network together with associated protein(s) could be essential in regulating mitochondrial function and particularly the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane to ADP. The aim of this chapter is to summarize the main properties of the cytoskeletal environment of mitochondria and the possible role(s) of this network in mitochondrial function in myocytes.     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Cross-reactivity between storage and dust mites and between mites and shrimp

Many patients have sensitivities to multiple species of storage and house dust mites. It is not clear if this is because patients have multiple sensitivities to species-specific mite allergens or if these mites share many cross-reacting allergens. Our objective was to further define the cross-allergenicity between several species of storage and house dust mites using crossed-immunoelectrophoresis (CIE), crossed-radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE), immunoblotting, and ELISA. CIE and CRIE reactions revealed that storage mites shared two cross-antigenic molecules and one of these bound IgE in a serum pool from mite allergic patients. Antibody in anti-sera built to each species of mite recognized many SDS–PAGE resolved proteins of other mite species and this suggested the potential for other cross-reactive allergens. Among patient sera, IgE bound to many different proteins but few had IgE that bound to a protein with common molecular weights across the mite species and this suggested mostly species-specific allergens. Antiserum built to each mite species precipitated one protein in shrimp extracts that bound anti-Der p 10 (tropomyosin) and IgE in the serum pool. Anti-Der p 10 showed strong binding to shrimp tropomyosin but very little to any of the mite proteins. ELISA showed the mite extracts contained very little tropomyosin. The storage and dust mites investigated contain mostly species-specific allergens and very small amounts of the pan-allergen tropomyosin compared to shrimp and snail.     

Chemokines and cytokines: axis and allies in asthma and allergy

Allergic asthma can be precipitated by many factors. For the atopic person, fungus, pollen, dust mites, cockroach antigens, and diesel exhaust are all agents that may trigger an allergic attack. Cytokines and chemokines are integral mediators of fungal asthma. From the earliest time points, they recruit and activate the cells required for the clearance of fungus as well as being critical factors involved in the immunopathology of this disease. In the final analysis, it is clear that these mediators can act to the benefit or the detriment of the host.     

人血管能抑素基因的克隆、表达及其表达产物的纯化和生物活性测定

以人胎盘脐带组织为材料,提取组织总RNA,用netRTPCR方法合成人血管能抑素cDNA基因,将该cDNA克隆进pSP72载体获得重组质粒pSP72C, DNA序列分析结果与预期序列一致。用BamHⅠ和NdeⅠ双酶切,切下pSP72C上的血管能抑素cDNA,插入pET3c载体的相应位点获得重组表达质粒pETC, 转化E. coli BL21(DE3), SDSPAGE分析显示：在IPTG诱导下,血管能抑素基因获得了高效表达,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的 27.9 %,主要以包涵体形式存在。包涵体经过洗涤、裂解、蛋白复性以及Sephadex G75凝胶过滤层析等步骤后,获得了纯度达91.4 %的人血管能抑素。CAM实验证明10 μg纯化蛋白就能显著抑制鸡胚新生血管生成。