白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中，已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种；在与微生物的共生关系中，存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题，给出了解决方案，并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向，为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。

Symbiotic types and mechanisms between termites and animals and microorganisms

Termitophilous species, symbiotic relationship and relative mechanism between termites and termitophiles were summarized. A total of 170 termitophilous animals have been reported. Symbiotic relationship between termites and termitophilous animals includes commensalisms, mutualism and neutral symbiosis. As for the relationship between termites and termitophilous microorganisms, they have endosymbionts (e.g., protozoa, bacteria, fungus and actinobacteria) and ectosymbionts (e.g., Termitomyces). We indicated the issues of the study on termites and termitophiles, solutions and hot topics. All of these could provide basic data for comprehensive utilization of termites (e.g., cellulase) and study on co-evolution.